Object Skill Advantage in Infants with a Hand Preference
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Handedness in Infants
1.2. Lateralization and Object Skills in Infants
1.3. The Current Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. The Touwen Infant Neurological Examination (TINE) [33]
2.2.2. The Hand Preference Assessment [6,9] and Classification
- R is the number of right-hand contacts,
- and L is the number of left-hand contacts.
2.3. The Analytic Plan
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Future Directions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Holding Category | TINE Score and Description of Rating |
---|---|
No holding (0) | 0—No goal-directed motility of arms and hands 1—Looked at and played with hands but did not engage with the first object 2—Touched object presented but did not hold it |
Hold 1 object (1) | 4—Held one object with one hand |
Hold 2 objects (2) | 5—Held an object in each hand by grasping the second object without dropping the first |
Hold 3 objects (3) | 6—Held two objects in one hand and acquired a third without dropping one of the others |
Conditional Growth | Unconditional Growth | |
---|---|---|
Coefficient | Coefficient | |
Fixed Effects | ||
Intercept (γ00) | −1.19 ** | −1.05 ** |
Age (β10) | −1.02 ** | −1.33 ** |
Age2 (β20) | 0.03 | 0.10 ** |
Left (β01) | 0.25 | − |
Left * Age (β11) | −0.82 ** | − |
Left * Age2 (β21) | 0.17 ** | − |
Right (β02) | 0.24 | − |
Right * Age (β12) | −0.54 ** | − |
Right * Age2 (γ22) | 0.11 ** | − |
δ(1) | 2.46 ** | 2.45 ** |
δ(2) | 8.62 ** | 8.52 ** |
Random Effects | ||
Intercept (r0i) | 0.82 ** | 0.79 ** |
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Marcinowski, E.C.; Michel, G.F.; Nelson, E.L. Object Skill Advantage in Infants with a Hand Preference. Symmetry 2024, 16, 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091148
Marcinowski EC, Michel GF, Nelson EL. Object Skill Advantage in Infants with a Hand Preference. Symmetry. 2024; 16(9):1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091148
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcinowski, Emily C., George F. Michel, and Eliza L. Nelson. 2024. "Object Skill Advantage in Infants with a Hand Preference" Symmetry 16, no. 9: 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091148