Conductive Channels in the Deep Oceanic Lithosphere Could Consist of Garnet Pyroxenites at the Fossilized Lithosphere–Asthenosphere Boundary
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Confrontation of Studies on Natural and Experimental Systems
2.2. Modeling of the Electrical Conductivity
3. Results
3.1. The Anisotropic Anomaly Cannot Be the LAB
3.2. The Anomaly Correlates with the Top of the Garnet Stability Field
3.3. Garnet Networks Well Explain the Anomaly Offshore Nicaragua
4. Discussion
4.1. Origin of the Pyroxenite Channels
4.1.1. Partial Melting and Melt Migration at the EPR
4.1.2. Off-Axis Melt Percolation and Solidification
4.1.3. LAB vs. Fossilized Early-Stage LAB
4.1.4. Ridge Migration and Asymmetry
4.2. Garnet as a Viable Alternative to Melt in Electrical Models
4.2.1. Widespread Hydrous Garnets in the Mantle
4.2.2. Connectivity of Garnet Networks in Nature
4.2.3. Destruction of the Conductive Channels at the Subduction Zone
4.3. Limitations and Remaining Questions
4.3.1. Water Storage and Its Central Role
4.3.2. Garnet Stability vs. Small Grain Size
4.3.3. Additional Graphite
4.3.4. Nature(s) of Lithosphere–Asthenosphere Boundaries
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Models | Formula | References |
---|---|---|
Hashin–Shtrikman upper bound | [55] | |
Hashin–Shtrikman lower bound | ||
Tubes model | [56] | |
Wetted thin films model | [57] | |
Modified brick-layer model | [58] | |
Modified Archie’s law | [54] |
Pyroxenite Composition | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olivine | cpx | opx | Garnet | Connectivity of Garnet | ||
No garnet | 10% | 80% | 10% | 0% | no | |
10% garnet | 9% | 72% | 9% | 10% | yes | |
20% garnet | 8% | 64% | 8% | 20% | ||
Water Content | ||||||
Olivine | cpx | opx | Garnet | |||
20 ppm | 375 ppm | 200 ppm | 0–465 ppm | |||
Corresponding Conductivity (S·m−1) | ||||||
Temperature | Olivine | cpx | opx * | pyrope | Fe-Rich Garnet | |
1000 °C | 1.8 × 10−3 | 4 × 10−2 | 2 × 10−2 | dry | 1.3 × 10−3 | 1.3 × 10−3 |
46 ppm H2O | 1.0 × 10−2 | 3.5 × 10−2 | ||||
160 ppm H2O | 4.0 × 10−2 | 1.4 × 10−1 | ||||
465 ppm H2O | 1.2 × 10−1 | 4.2 × 10−1 | ||||
1100 °C | 2 × 10−3 | 5 × 10−2 | 3 × 10−2 | dry | 4.0 × 10−3 | 1.4 × 10−2 |
46 ppm H2O | 1.8 × 10−2 | 7.0 × 10−2 | ||||
160 ppm H2O | 7.0 × 10−2 | 2.5 × 10−1 | ||||
465 ppm H2O | 2.0 × 10−1 | 7.0 × 10−1 | ||||
references | [51] | [52] | [40] | [28,29] |
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Ferrand, T.P. Conductive Channels in the Deep Oceanic Lithosphere Could Consist of Garnet Pyroxenites at the Fossilized Lithosphere–Asthenosphere Boundary. Minerals 2020, 10, 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121107
Ferrand TP. Conductive Channels in the Deep Oceanic Lithosphere Could Consist of Garnet Pyroxenites at the Fossilized Lithosphere–Asthenosphere Boundary. Minerals. 2020; 10(12):1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121107
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerrand, Thomas P. 2020. "Conductive Channels in the Deep Oceanic Lithosphere Could Consist of Garnet Pyroxenites at the Fossilized Lithosphere–Asthenosphere Boundary" Minerals 10, no. 12: 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121107