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Article

Mineralogy of Silicate-Natrophosphate Immiscible Inclusion in Elga IIE Iron Meteorite †

by
Victor V. Sharygin
1,2
1
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Acad. Koptyuga pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
2
ExtraTerra Consortium, Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira str., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
†
The paper was presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society in Moscow, Russia, 22–27 July 2018.
Minerals 2020, 10(5), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050437
Submission received: 7 April 2020 / Revised: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 / Published: 13 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy of Meteorites)
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Abstract

:
Rare type of silicate inclusions found in the Elga iron meteorite (group IIE) has a very specific mineral composition and shows silicate (≈90%)–natrophosphate (≈10%) liquid immiscibility due to meniscus-like isolation of Na-Ca-Mg-Fe phosphates. The 3 mm wide immiscible inclusion has been first studied in detail using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The silicate part of the inclusion contains fine-grained quartz-feldspar aggregate and mafic minerals. The relationships of feldspars indicate solid decay of initially homogenous K-Na-feldspar into albite and K-feldspar with decreasing of temperature. Some mafic minerals in the silicate part are exotic in composition: the dominant phase is an obertiite-subgroup oxyamphibole (amphibole supergroup), varying from ferri-obertiite NaNa2Mg3Fe3+Ti[Si8O22]O2 to hypothetical NaNa2Mg3Fe2+0.5Ti1.5[Si8O22]O2; minor phases are the aenigmatite-subgroup mineral (sapphirine supergroup) with composition close to median value of the Na2Fe2+5TiSi6O18O2-Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 join, orthopyroxene (enstatite), clinopyroxene of the diopside Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6–kosmochlor NaCrSi2O6-Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series and chromite. The alteration phases are represented by Fe-dominant chlorite, goethite and hydrated Na2O-rich (2.3–3.3 wt.%) Fe-phosphate close to vivianite. Natrophosphate part consists of aggregate of three orthophosphates (brianite, czochralskiite, marićite) and minor Na-Cr-Ti-clinopyroxene, pentlandite, rarely taenite. Czochralskiite Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4 is rich in FeO (2.3–5.1 wt.%) and MnO (0.4–1.5 wt.%). Brianite Na2CaMg(PO4)2 contains FeO (3.0–4.3 wt.%) and MnO (0.3–0.7 wt.%) and marićite NaFe(PO4) bears MnO (5.5–6.2 wt.%), MgO (5.3–6.2 wt.%) and CaO (0.5–1.5 wt.%). The contact between immiscible parts is decorated by enstatite zone in the silicate part and diopside–kosmochlor clinopyroxene zone in the natrophosphate ones. The mineralogy of the studied immiscible inclusion outlines three potentially new mineral species, which were first identified in meteorites: obertiite–related oxyamphibole NaNa2Mg3Fe2+0.5Ti1.5[Si8O22]O2, Mg-analog of aenigmatite Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 and Na-Ti-rich clinopyroxene Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6.

1. Introduction

The Elga iron meteorite (group IIE) is a fine-grained octahedrite with up to 15 vol.% silicate inclusions and with local zones of shock metamorphism [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Silicate-bearing iron meteorites represent about 4% of all iron meteorites. In general, they are important for understanding metal-silicate partitioning in processes related to the formation and evolution of asteroids and terrestrial planets in the early solar system. At present day, silicate-bearing iron meteorites were described within the following chemical groups: IAB (12% of total), IIE (50%) and IVA (5%); silicate inclusions were also reported for 8 ungrouped iron meteorites [15]. The mineralogy of silicate inclusions indicates the peculiarities of metal-silicate relations in meteorite parental bodies. The exotic mineral composition of some silicate inclusions may reflect local specific conditions within parental bodies. This paper is devoted to the mineralogy of a silicate inclusion with specific minerals and silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility found in the Elga meteorite.

2. History of Finding and Brief Review on Studies for the Elga Meteorite

The Elga meteorite was found on August 28, 1959, at the Razvedchik gold field in the basin of the Elga River, a large left-hand tributary of the Indigirka River in its upper reaches, in the territory of Yakutia (64°42′ N, 141°12′ E). The meteorite was found when gold-bearing sand was washed, with the sand recovered from a production mine in the valley of the Promezhutochnyi Stream, a right-hand tributary of the Elga River. The meteorite was found in pebble material lifted from a depth of 20 m. The detailed description of the finding is given in [2,14].
The meteorite is of irregular, slightly angular morphology, and its natural surface is rounded and locally displays a thin platy fabrics and regmaglypt surface topography. The upstanding fine-flow surface areas are of steel-gray color, whereas “depressions” are covered with a black film and, locally, rust-brown material (up to 3 mm, Figure 1). The general mass of the sample was 28.8 kg. The main mass of the Elga meteorite (type specimen–10.5 kg plus some smaller cut-offs of the working collection, 449 g and 79.8 g) is now on display in the meteorite collection of the Central Siberian Geological Museum (CSGM) in the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy (IGM, SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia (registration number I-1155/204-24, Figure 1). Fragments from the working collection were used for detailed mineralogical investigations [5,9,12,13,17,20]. A large cut-off fragment (887.5 g) of the meteorite was transferred to the Meteorite Committee of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now in the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, GEOKHI RAS, Moscow, Russia) and its cut-offs were also used for studies [8,10,11,14,15,16,18,19,20]. Smaller cut-offs of the Elga meteorite are also deposited in the meteorite collection of the Museum in the Institute of Diamond and Precious Metal Geology, SB RAS, Yakutsk (126.7 g) and, possibly, in other geological museums in Russia.
The Elga meteorite is a fine-grained octahedrite with numerous (up to 15 vol.%) rounded silicate inclusions (up to a few millimeters in size) [1]. The texture and composition of the metal and silicate inclusions indicate that the meteorite shows traces of secondary melting caused by shock metamorphism [1,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. The chemical composition of the metallic constituent is as follows: 90.51 wt.% Fe, 8.38 wt.% Ni, 0.64 wt.% Co, 0.46 wt.% P and 100 ppm Cu [3,7]. Based on concentrations of Ni (7.98 wt.%), Ga (24.1 ppm), Ge (71.8 ppm) and Ir (4.1 ppm), the meteorite was assigned to the group IIE [4]. The pattern for trace siderophile elements in the metal of the IIE meteorites suggests that they were produced during the first stages of unequilibrated crystallization of melts from an H chondritic source in a closed system [10,15,18].
The silicate inclusions in the Elga meteorite are rounded or oval; sizes—1–5 mm, sometimes up to 10–15 mm. They strongly vary in texture, chemistry and mineral composition. Most inclusions are gray-green and consist of glass (45–70 vol.%), diopside (25–50 vol.%) and enstatite (1–5 vol.%), rarely phosphates (fluorapatite, merrillite, panethite), olivine, chromite and rutile [5,8,9,11,12,13,15]. In general, silicate inclusions in this meteorite are morphologically and chemically similar to those in other iron meteorites of the group IIE (for example, Kodaikanal, Weekeroo Station and Colomera) [5,8,9,10,11,12,13,15]. The Elga silicate inclusions were previously subdivided into five types [8]. The recent studies for silicate inclusions gave more abundant information about their mineralogy, composition and geochemistry [9,11,12,13,17,18].
In addition to previous data, the numerous petrographic and mineralogical evidences about local impact melting in the meteorite (both in metal and in silicate inclusions) were outlined in recent publications [9,10,13,18,19,20]. However, the pressure interval during the impact melting event in the Elga meteorite is still discussible. It is suggested that pressure may be up to 12–15 GPa (by the presence of tuite in silicate inclusions) and even up to 20 GPa (by the presence of the Fe3P-Fe3S solid solution in quenched Fe-Ni-P-S melt pockets) [13,20]. Unfortunately, the appearance of the above mineral phases in the Elga meteorite is questionable: identification of tuite was supported only by Raman spectroscopy [13], whereas the real existence and homogeneity of the proposed Fe3(P,S) phase were not proven [20].
The mineralogy and geochemistry of the meteorite and its features of impact metamorphism were described in detail [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. The mineralogical data for the Elga meteorite are summarized in Table 1. This publication provides a detailed description of the mineralogy for an Elga silicate inclusion with silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility. This is a new and rare type of silicate inclusions, which was recently found in the Elga meteorite and which drastically differs from other types in unique mineralogy [12,13,17].

3. Analytical Methods

The polished cut-off (35 × 18 × 3 mm, Figure 2) from the 449 g sample at CSGM IGM, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, was used for optical examination of the Elga meteorite in reflected light and other studies.
The identification of all minerals was based on energy-dispersive spectra (EDS), back-scattered electron (BSE) images and elemental mapping (EDS system), using a TESCAN MIRA 3MLU scanning electron microscope equipped with an INCA Energy 450 XMax 80 microanalysis system (Oxford Instruments Ltd., Abingdon, UK) at the IGM, Novosibirsk, Russia. The EDS analyses of minerals were operated at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV and a probe current of 1 nA in high-vacuum mode and at an accumulation time of 20–40 s. The synthetic compounds, pure metals and minerals were used as reference standards for the elements: SiO2 (Si and O), Al2O3 (Al), diopside (Mg and Ca), albite (Na), orthoclase (K), Ca2P2O7 (P), BaF2 (Ba and F), Cr2O3 (Cr), CsRe2Cl6 (Cl), LaPO4 (La), CePO4 (Ce), SrF2 (Sr), metallic Ti, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, V and Cu. Matrix effects were corrected using the XPP algorithm, implemented in the software of the microanalysis system. Metallic Co served for quantitative optimization (normalization to probe current and energy calibration of the spectrometer). The overlapping of TiKβ and VKα was specially checked using the TiO2 and metallic V standards. The precision of the EDS analysis for major elements was better than 2% relative.
Electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) in wavelength-dispersive (WDS) mode were performed for all minerals of the Elga iron meteorite, using a JXA-8100 microprobe (Jeol Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at the IGM. Grains (sizes > 5 μm) previously analyzed by EDS were selected for this purpose. The operating conditions were as follows: beam diameter of 1–2 μm, accelerating voltage of 20 kV, beam current of 10 (for silicates and phosphates) and 50 nA (metals, sulfides and phosphides), and counting time of 10 (5 + 5) s.
The following standards were used for microprobe sessions: oxide scheme—diopside (Si, Mg, Ca), albite (Na), orthoclase (K, Al), spessartite (Fe, Mn), TiO2 (Ti), Cr2O3 (Cr), ZnFe2O4 (Zn), V2O5 (V), fluorapatite (Ca, P, F), chlorapatite (Cl) and synthetic Sr-Si-glass (Sr); metal-sulfide-phosphide scheme—natural/synthetic FeS or FeS2 (S), Fe metal or FeS (Fe), Fe-Ni-Co alloy (Ni and Co), GaP (P), Cr2O3 (Cr), ZnS (Zn) and CuFeS2 (Cu). Correction for matrix effects was done using a PAP routine [23]. The precision of analysis for major elements was better than 2% relative. The detection limits for elements for oxide scheme were (in ppm): Si–458; Ti–207; Cr–208; V–1441; Al–196; Fe–176; Mn–161; Zn–281; Mg–424; Ca–167; Sr–1011; Na–296; K–117; P–297; F–530; Cl–101. The overlappings of TiKβ-VKα and SiKα–SrLα were specially checked using the TiO2, V2O5 and SiO2 standards.
The Raman spectra were recorded on a LabRAM HR 800 mm (HORIBA Scientific Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) spectrometer equipped with a 1024 pixel LN/CCD detector and coupled to an Olympus BX40 confocal microscope (objective ×100) at the IGM. A semiconductor laser emitting at 514.5 nm with a nominal power output of 50 mW was used for excitation. In each case, 10–20 spectra were recorded for 10–20 s each at a hole diameter of 100–200 μm and integrated. Most spectra were recorded between 100 and 1200 cm−1, and some spectra were made for the 100–4000 cm−1 and 3000–4000 cm−1 region. The monochromator was calibrated using the 520.7 cm−1 Raman line of elemental Si.
The main results are presented in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 15 and Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8 and Table 9. Some data are given in Supplementary section (Figures S1–S14).

4. Description of Studied Cut-off from the Elga Meteorite

The polished cut-off (35 × 18 × 2 mm, Figure 2) was used for detailed studies by optical and scanning electron microscopy, EMPA and Raman spectroscopy. The sample contains 12 silicate inclusions of different composition (Elga-1, Elga-3–Elga-12a, Elga-12c) as well as areas with impact melting (Elga-12b, Elga-13) and zone of surface oxidation of the meteorite (Elga-2). The phase composition of silicate inclusions varies from glassy to partially and completely crystallized (Figure 2), which corresponds to previous description of the inclusions in the Elga meteorite [5,8,9,11,12,13,15]. Some inclusions indicate the abundance in troilite (Elga-8, Figure 2 and Figure S6), even up to the appearance of individual sulfide nodules. Milky white inclusions are dominant in glass, but, in anyway, micron-sized microlites of silicates are fixed in them under high magnification (Figures S4 and S5). Areas of local impact melting are confined to cracks in metal (Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure S1) and visible in the inclusions. Sometimes the cracks joint the neighboring silicate inclusions (Figure 2, line Elga-11–Elga-12). In general, the texture and phase composition of such impact assemblages are similar to those described previously in the Elga meteorite [8,10,14,16,19,20]. In the studied sample, the impact associations in Fe-Ni-metal are mainly represented by quenched structures of kamacite + schreibersite + troilite, sometimes with silicate or silicate-phosphate blebs (Figure 3 and Figure S1).
The zone of surface terrestrial oxidation is up to 1–2 mm and represented by goethite (and other Fe-rich oxyhydroxides and hydroxides), hematite, siderite and hydrated Na-rich Fe-phosphates (maybe close to vivianite) (Figure S2). In addition, secondary phases (chlorite, serpentine, goethite and hydrated Na-rich Fe-phosphate) also occur within silicate inclusions (Figure 6, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figures S5 and S7–S9) and in cracks in Fe-Ni-metal.

5. Inclusion with Silicate-Natrophosphate Immisciblity (Elga-4)

Among all silicate inclusions found in the studied Elga sample, only one inclusion (Elga-4) drastically differs in mineralogy and petrography (Figure 4 and Figure 5). In general, it is a new type of silicate inclusions for the Elga meteorite, which was discovered in recently studied samples, and at present day, only few inclusions have been found [12,13,17]. Litasov and Podgornykh [13] described them as type 3—“silicate/phosphate inclusions with liquid immiscibility”. The most remarkable features of such inclusions are the occurrence of natrophosphate globule (isolation) and exotic mineralogy of both silicates and phosphates, enriched in Na.

5.1. General Description of the Immiscible Inclusion

The studied silicate inclusion (Elga-4) is oval, 3 mm in size and brown in color. It has a specific texture due to pronounced silicate (≈90 vol.%)–natrophosphate (≈10 vol.%) liquid immiscibility (Figure 4). Schreibersite and troilite form rim zones around the silicate inclusion: their distribution is well fixed into the characteristic radiations of P, S, Fe and Ni (Figure 5). It should be noted that host kamacite around the inclusion is virtually free in taenite and “plessite” (≈100 µm zone). Compositions of schreibersite, troilite and host kamacite are given in Table 2. The natrophosphate part mainly forms a meniscus-like isolation of Na-Ca-Mg-Fe phosphates with minor Na-Ti-rich pyroxene, although individual grains of phosphates sporadically occur in the periphery of the silicate part of the inclusion in direct contact with schreibersite or troilite (Figure 6 and Figure 8). They decorate an individual inner zone like troilite and schreibersite ones; this is clearly visible in the characteristic radiations of P and Ca (Figure 5). Silicate part of the inclusion contains mainly alkali feldspars, quartz, glass and Na-Ti-Cr-rich silicates (amphibole, clinopyroxene, aenigmatite). In contrast with other inclusion types in the Elga meteorite, this inclusion drastically differs in high abundance of alkalis (namely, Na) and Ti.

5.2. Mineralogy of Silicate Part

The silicate part of the studied immiscible inclusion mainly contains fine-grained (sometimes symplectitic) quartz-feldspars aggregate (former glass) and mafic silicates; other minerals (chromite, pentlandite and altered phases) are minor or accessory (Figure 6 and Figures S7–S9). Ontogeny (hollow and skeletal crystals) and relationships of minerals indicate about quenching and rapid crystallization within the inclusion. The relations of feldspars (“layered” grains) assume solid decay of initially homogenous K-Na-feldspar into albite and K-feldspar with temperature decreasing (Figure 6 and Figure S9). Silicate glass is present in small amounts and locally preserved in the outer zone of the inclusion (Figure 8). Mafic silicates are very specific in composition: dominant phase is an obertiite-subgroup oxyamphibole; minor phases are low-Ca-pyroxene (orthopyroxene), aenigmatite-subgroup mineral (sapphirine supergroup) and the diopside–kosmochlor–Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 clinopyroxene series.
Ti-rich oxyamphibole is omnipresent in this part, whereas pyroxenes are commonly confined to the boundary between silicate and natrophosphate parts. In general, orthopyroxene decorates the silicate-natrophosphate contact (Figure 5 and Figure 7) and the growth of these crystals was directed from the contact into the silicate part. This is clearly visible in the characteristic radiation of Mg (Figure 5, Figure 7 and Figure S12).
The occurrence of chromite is also related to this contact (Figure 6, Figure 9 and Figure S10). Previously this mineral was chemically labelled as eskolaite due to very small sizes [12,17]. The relations of mafic silicates indicate that orthopyroxene is an earlier mineral, whereas oxyamphibole is a later phase (Figure 6). The appearance of Fe-rich chlorite, goethite and hydrated phosphate (close to vivianite Fe2+3(PO4)2∙8H2O and with Na2O—2.3–3.3 wt.%) is attributed to alteration process within the inclusion (Figure 6, Figure 8 and Figures S8 and S9). The hydrated phosphate seems to be alteration product of former anhydrous Na-Fe-phosphate.

5.3. Mineralogy of Natrophosphate Part

Natrophosphate part forming meniscus-like isolation (globule) consists of aggregate of three orthophosphates (brianite, czochralskiite and marićite) and minor complex Na-Cr-Ti-clinopyroxene, pentlandite, rarely taenite (Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 9 and Figures S10–S12). The individual grains of anhydrous phosphates occurring beyond of the globule (Figure 8) are represented by brianite and czochralskiite. Like orthopyroxene in the silicate part complex clinopyroxene also forms a discrete zone, which decorates the contact into the natrophosphate part and well-fixed in the characteristic radiation of Cr (Figure 7). The relationships of minerals within the natrophosphate globule indicate that clinopyroxene is earlier phase than phosphates, and pentlandite and taenite form blebs in phosphates. In addition, the silicate vein cross-cuts the natrophosphate globule (Figure 7, Figure 9 and Figure S11), evidencing about earlier crystallization of phosphatic melt rather than silicate ones.

5.4. Chemistry of Minerals in the Elga-4 Immiscible Inclusion

5.4.1. Feldspars, Quartz and Siliceous Glass

As mentioned above, the fine-grained quartz-feldspars aggregate is the main component of the studied inclusion and is a result of complete crystallization of residual silicate melt or quenched product after siliceous glass. In general, compositions of feldspars very strongly vary due to the alternation of the albite and K-feldspar “layers” in most grains. Homogeneous grains of albite or K-feldspar occur rarely (Figure S9). Maximal compositions correspond to Ab92.4Or7.5An0.1 for albite and Ab27.8Or71.3An0.9 for K-feldspar, whereas intermediate compositions presented in Table 3 seem to be result of trapping of both minerals in “layered” grains during the WDS-EDS analyses. Large grains of quartz (supported by Raman spectroscopy, see below) contain mainly FeO (up to 0.5 wt.%) as admixture. Siliceous glass is virtually free in CaO and strongly varies in the major components depending on the degree of total crystallization (in wt.%): SiO2 68.1–79.1; Al2O3 10.6–16.9; FeO 1.1–3.4; MgO 0.2–0.6; Na2O 5.8–8.7; K2O 2.3–3.9. In general, such variations are common for the Elga glass-containing inclusions [5,8,9,13,15], which are virtually free in water (0.06–0.12 wt.%, SIMS data) [9].

5.4.2. Mineral of the Obertiite Subgroup (Amphibole Supergroup)

Na-Ti-rich oxyamphibole is dominant silicate in the studied inclusion. It should be mentioned that minerals of the amphibole supergroup rather rarely occur in meteorites (see review in [24]). Moreover, Ti-rich oxyamphiboles and Na-rich amphiboles are exceptional rarities in meteorites: the kaersutite subgroup minerals are known in the Martian samples [25,26,27,28,29,30] and magnesio-arfvedsonite was described in the Kaidun meteorite [31]. The chemical compositions for amphibole in the Elga meteorite are given in Table 4. Its averaged formula (N = 54) is (Na0.85K0.13)(Na1.67Ca0.33) (Mg2.73Fe2+0.70Fe3+0.21Mn0.05Cr0.03Ti1.28)(Si7.77Fe3+0.16Al0.07O22)(O1.87F0.13).
This amphibole belongs to the obertiite root name (subgroup) of the w(O)-dominant amphibole group according to the recent nomenclature for the amphibole supergroup [32,33]. In general, it is approximately close to ferri-obertiite NaNa2Mg3Fe3+Ti(Si8O22)O2. However, the Elga mineral drastically differs from terrestrial oxyamphiboles of the obertiite subgroup [34,35,36,37,38] in its very high Ti content (1.03–1.57 apfu, Table 4 and Figure 10). The core-to-rim chemical deviations within individual grains of the Elga obertiite mineral are negligible. Nevertheless, the compositional variations for all grains are very essential (Table 4 and Figure 10). In general, the mineral shows a pronounced positive correlation between Ti and Fe2+ and negative ones for Ti with Mg, Fe3+ and Si. Other Ti correlations (with Al, (Na+K) and Ca) are weaker (Figure 10). Thus, the main isomorphic schemes of the Elga oxyamphibole are 2Fe3+ ↔ Ti4+ + Fe2+ and 2Mg2+ + 2Fe3+ ↔ Ti4+ + 3Fe2+, which cover variations from ferri-obertiite NaNa2Mg3Fe3+Ti(Si8O22)O2 to hypothetical NaNa2Mg3(Fe2+0.5,Ti0.5) Ti(Si8O22)O2 and NaNa2Fe2+3(Fe2+0.5,Ti0.5)Ti(Si8O22)O2 end-members (Figure 11). Other isomorphic schemes like Ca2+ + 2Fe3+ + Si4+ ↔ Na+ + 2Ti4+ + Al3+ are negligible. In addition, the Elga mineral also contains moderate concentrations of K2O (up to 1.2 wt.%, 0.23 apfu) and F (up to 0.5 wt.%, 0.23 apfu). The Raman spectra did not show any evident bands in the 3000–4000 cm−1 region (vibrations for OH-group, see below).
As shown in Figure 11, the part of the Elga amphibole compositions is dominant in the hypothetical NaNa2Mg3(Fe2+0.5,Ti0.5)Ti(Si8O22)O2 end-member (>50 mol.%). It seems to give support for declaration of a potentially new mineral species using the 50% rule of IMA. However, it needs further detailed studies of the crystal structure and chemical composition. It is known that in addition to the octahedral environments, Ti may occupy the tetrahedral site in the crystal structure of some amphiboles [34,39]. Moreover, this mineral should be carefully checked up on the real concentrations of TiO2 and Ti2O3, FeO and Fe2O3, Li2O, F and H2O. All these components may essentially influence on the formula calculation.

5.4.3. Minerals of the Aenigmatite-Subgroup (Sapphirine Supergroup)

Minerals of this subgroup (aenigmatite, krinovite and wilkinsonite) rarely occur in meteorite environment [24]. The mineral close to aenigmatite was found in the Elga-4 studied immiscible inclusion, it is scarce and mainly confined to the periphery in the silicate part. Its averaged composition (N = 11) is Na2.00(Mg2.67Fe2+2.00Fe3+0.16Na0.08Mn0.07Cr0.03)Ti0.99(Si5.91Al0.01Fe3+0.08O18)O2 indicating the predominance of Mg over Fe2+ (Table 5, Figure 10). According to the recent nomenclature for the sapphirine supergroup [40,41], this phase is related to the aenigmatite subgroup and its compositions correspond to the median values of the series aenigmatite Na2Fe2+5TiSi6O18O2–hypothetical phase Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 (Figure 12). The compositional variations are shown in Figure 12 and Table 5. The core-to-rim deviations within individual grains of the Elga mineral are negligible. Some surplus of Na (>2.0 apfu) and Fe3+ may be explained by moderate isomorphism in octahedral environment: 2(Mg,Fe2+) ↔ Na+ + Fe3+ (Figure 12).
Thus, the Elga meteorite seems to be a first occurrence for a potentially new mineral species Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 (Mg-analog of aenigmatite) assuming the 50% rule of IMA. Aenigmatitic mineral was previously mentioned in the Elga immiscible silicate-phosphate inclusions, but without clear identification by chemical composition [12,13].
In general, extraterrestrial aenigmatite was previously found in the clasts of the meteorites Allende, Kaidun and Adzhi-Bogdo (stone) [31,42,43,44], but all these compositions are dominant in the Na2Fe2+5TiSi6O18O2 end-member. It should be noted that phases with 0.40–0.48 mol.% of the Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 end-member were described in the terrestrial alkaline rocks [45,46], but it was not enough to qualify them as new mineral species.
The majority of the Elga-4 compositions contains 53–57 mol.% of the Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 end-member (ferroan “magnesioaenigmatite”); and only two analyses indicate values 44–47 mol.% being magnesian aenigmatite (Table 5, Figure 12).

5.4.4. Orthopyroxene

As mentioned above, abundant low-Ca pyroxene is confined to the silicate-natrophosphate contact (Figure 5 and Figure 7) and also dispersed in the silicate part. Unfortunately, the position of the studied Elga silicate inclusion in Fe-Ni metal cannot give a possibility to determine optical and structural features for such pyroxene (orthorhombic or monoclinic). According to previous data for the Elga meteorite [5,8,15], it seems to be orthopyroxene. In general, it is enstatite (Table 6) and its compositional variations for all grains are essential: from En81.3Fs17.4Wo1.3 to En65.3Fs33.0Wo1.7. The core-to-rim deviations within individual enstatite grains are sometimes drastic (especially for zoned grains in the silicate-phosphate contact) and directed to increasing of the ferrosilite end-member (Table 6, Figure 6, Figure 9 and Figure S12). All enstatites also contain minor TiO2 (up to 0.4), Cr2O3 (up to 0.5), Al2O3 (up to 0.2), Fe2O3 (calculated, up to 1.3), MnO (up to 1.7) and Na2O (up to 0.3 wt.%) (Table 6).

5.4.5. Na-Ca-Cr-Ti-Mg-Clinopyroxenes

These exotic clinopyroxenes are confined to the silicate-natrophosphate contact in the Elga-4 inclusion and occur both in the silicate and in phosphate sides (Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 9, Figures S8 and S10–S12). Unfortunately, we cannot obtain more analyses for the mineral from the contact and natrophosphate globule because of minute size of most grains (<5 µm, Figure 9, Figures S10 and S12). All compositions from the Elga-4 inclusion are poor in alumina and correspond to the series of diopside Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6–kosmochlor NaCrSi2O6–hypothetical Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 with minor content of the aegirine NaFe3+Si2O6 and hedenbergite CaFe2+Si2O6 end-members (Table 7). All this does not allow providing correct classification of these clinopyroxenes within the pyroxene supergroup [47]. Although the compositional inhomogenity of some grains is indicated on BSE images and elemental maps (Figure 6, Figures S8, S11 and S12), it is impossible to establish the sequence and tendency in the changing of the end-member contents during crystal growth. In general, clinopyroxene from the silicate part is richer in the kosmochlor end-member, the mineral from the contact is abundant in the diopside and aegirine end-members and the phase from the phosphate globule has high content of the hypothetical Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 end-member (Figure 13).
It should be noted that well-known clinopyroxenes (diopside, hedenbergite, kosmochlor, etc.) are common for meteorites [24,48,49], whereas the diopside–kosmochlor join and more complex solutions are exceptionally rare phenomena in natural conditions, even in terrestrial environments [50,51,52,53,54,55]. In this context, the appearance of complex clinopyroxenes in the Elga meteorite is very unique and exotic in meteorites. The diopside–kosmochlor join was previously mentioned in the Morasko meteorite [56,57,58].
Clinopyroxene from the natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 inclusion contain 47–64 mol.% of the Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 end-member (Table 7 and Figure 13) and this gave reason to consider this composition as a potentially new mineral species Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6. However, like with the obertiite-subgroup mineral, it needs further detailed studies of the crystal structure and chemical composition with precise determination of TiO2 and Ti2O3, FeO and Fe2O3, and Li2O. All these components may essentially influence during the formula calculation.

5.4.6. Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-Orthophosphates

Brianite Na2CaMg(PO4)2 and czochralskiite Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4 are the main orthophosphates within the natrophosphate globule in the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Marićite NaFe(PO4) is minor mineral in the globule (Figure 7, Figure 9 and Figures S10–S12). The above minerals are very scarce in both extraterrestrial and terrestrial environments [57,58,59,60,61,62,63]. If marićite was first discovered in bedded shales and sideritic limestones of the Big Fish River area (Yukon Territory, Canada) [60] and then in meteorites [57,58,61,62,63], other minerals were first identified in iron meteorites [12,13,17,57,58,59]. In general, meteorite Elga is the second occurrence for czochralskiite, the third locality for brianite and the sixth occurrence for marićite. Chemical compositions of Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-orthophosphates from the Elga-4 inclusion are given in Table 8. They are very similar to composition of same phosphates found in other immiscible inclusions in the Elga meteorite [13]. Unlike the Morasko holotype mineral [58], the Elga czochralskiite is richer in FeO (2.3–5.1) and MnO (0.4–1.5 wt.%). Brianite from the Elga meteorite also contains high FeO (3.0–4.3) and MnO (0.3–0.7 wt.%) in respect to the holotype mineral from the Dayton meteorite [59]. The Elga marićite is more abundant in MgO (5.3–6.2) and CaO (0.5–1.5 wt.%) in comparison with terrestrial and meteoritic mineral [60,61,62].

5.4.7. Other Minerals

Chromite is an accessory mineral in the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion and confined to the contact between silicate and natrophosphate parts (Figure 6, Figure 9 and Figure S10). Unfortunately, we cannot obtain the precise analyses for this mineral due to the very small size (<3 µm) and entrapment of neighboring phases. Anyway, it is a Fe-Cr-dominant phase (FeO > 25, Cr2O3 > 55.2 wt.%) and contains TiO2 (0.5), MnO (1.7), ZnO (2.7) MgO (2.2) and Al2O3 (0.9 wt.%). That is similar to chromite found in another immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite [13].
Fe-rich chlorite and Na-rich hydrated Fe-phosphate are mainly restricted to the silicate part of the Elga-4 inclusion (Figure 6, Figure 8 and Figure S9). The chemical composition of chlorite is (in wt.%, N = 5): SiO2–36.90; Al2O3–3.02; FeOtot–33.68; MnO–0.23; MgO–1.70; CaO–0.22; Na2O–0.69; K2O–0.50. That seems to be related to chamosite Fe5Al[AlSi3O10](OH)8. Hydrated Fe-phosphate is probably close to vivianite Fe2+3(PO4)2∙8H2O and contains Na2O > 2.2 wt.%. Its chemical composition is given in Table 8. The same phase is also mentioned in other silicate inclusions of the Elga meteorite [15]. This mineral seems to be an alteration product of former anhydrous Na-Fe-phosphate.

6. Raman Spectroscopy for Minerals of the Elga-4 Inclusion

The main minerals in the Elga-4 inclusion were also studied by Raman spectroscopy. The unoriented Raman spectra of minerals are shown in Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16 and Figures S13–S14.
In general, the intensity of the Raman bands depends on the orientation of mineral grains with respect to the laser incident beam. Commonly, their orientation is not under control; therefore, the intensity of the resultant Raman bands is not indicative of the amounts of the different chemical components in the studied minerals. Nevertheless, the shifting of the Raman bands characteristic for particular minerals may outline the changing in chemical compositions.
Most silicates show complex chemical formulas and different electrovalence substitutions in equivalent crystallographic sites. In general, the characteristic frequencies of the Raman spectra for silicates (for example, amphiboles) may be interpreted as: 100–300 cm−1—lattice vibrations modes; 300–625 cm−1—vibrational modes of the non-tetrahedral cations, bending modes of SiO4 tetrahedra, OH libration and translation modes, and translational M–OH modes; 625–750 cm−1—symmetric stretching modes of bridging oxygen atoms that link the adjacent SiO4 tetrahedra (Si–Ob–Si); 750–950 cm−1—modes of symmetric SiO4 stretching; 950–1000 cm−1—modes of antisymmetric SiO4 stretching; 1000–1215 cm−1—modes of antisymmetric Si–Ob–Si bond stretching; 3600–3800 cm−1–OH bond stretching modes [64,65,66].
Raman measurements for the Elga obertiite-subgroup minerals (Figure 14) did not indicate any evident bands in the 3000–4000 cm−1 region evidencing about the possible absence of the OH-groups. Unfortunately, the Raman spectra for Fe-rich minerals of the obertiite subgroup have not been reported anywhere, except data for mangani-obertiite NaNa2Mg3Mn3+Ti(Si8O22)O2 from the RRUFF project [67]. All spectra show the same suite of main characteristic signals in the 100–1200 cm−1 region: 126–128, 208–216, 330–334, 357–370, 465–467, 510–513, 683–686 (strong), 717–720 (strong, shoulder), 748–750 (strongest) and 1053–1058 cm−1 (Figure 14). There is no essential shifting of the main bands depending on chemical composition of the Elga obertiite-related minerals.
The Raman spectra of the Elga aenigmatite-subgroup minerals show characteristic scattering peaks near 446, 530–533, 660–663 (strongest), 693 (shoulder), 890 (strong) and 1050–1051 cm−1 (Figure 15) resembling those of terrestrial aenigmatite [67]. The chemical similarity of the Elga aenigmatite and its Mg-analog does not indicate any essential difference in their Raman spectra.
Figure 16 display Raman data for the pyroxene-supergroup minerals in the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion (enstatite and clinopyroxenes of the diopside–kosmochlor–Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series) with indication of their chemical composition. The enstatite spectrum shows bands suite common of low-Ca Mg-rich pyroxenes. Unfortunately, this spectrum does not give any information about structural features of the phase (monoclinic or orthorhombic symmetry). The Raman spectra of the Elga complex clinopyroxenes show the following characteristic bands (in cm−1): 195–200, 243–250, 332–339 (strongest), 401–407 (strong), 507–510, 558–568 (strong), 673–677 (strong), 870–875, 984–986; 1011–1020 (strong), 1034–1035 (Figure 16). Variable intensity and shifting of some Raman signals seem to record different chemical composition. The Raman spectra of meteoritic and terrestrial kosmochlor and diopside–kosmochlor have been reported in a few publications [54,56]. In general, the Elga clinopyroxene data presented here are quite similar to the published spectra for the Morasko iron meteorite [56].
The Raman spectra of the Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-orthophosphates, quartz, feldspars and siliceous glass are shown in Figures S13 and S14. Brianite, czochralskiite and marićite were analyzed within natrophosphate globule (Figure S13). In general, the data presented here for the Elga-4 orthophosphates are very similar to the Raman spectra for the holotype czochralskiite from the Morasko iron meteorite [58] and Na-rich phosphates from other silicate inclusions with immiscibility, found in the Elga meteorite [13]. The latter publication contains detailed interpretation of the Raman spectra for studied phosphates. The Raman spectra for the SiO2 phase in the Elga-4 inclusion are clearly shown that it is to be quartz (Figure S14) and not to be tridymite or cristobalite as it was assumed previously for the Elga silicate inclusions [8]. Unfortunately, Raman spectroscopy does not give any direct information about structural state of K-feldspar (orthoclase, microcline or sanidine) (Figure S14).

7. Discussion and Concluding Remarks

It is assumed that IIE irons have genetic relations to H-chondrite-like bodies according to isotopic and geochemical characteristics [68,69,70,71]. The origin of fractionated IIE irons, including the Elga meteorite, is explained by a complex model evolving disruption and reassembly of partially molten asteroids and their complex impact history [15,69,70,71]. Silicate-bearing iron meteorites may be also explained by formation at the core–mantle boundary of small bodies due to separation of silicate and metal parts or by condensation of silicate and metal liquids in solar nebula (see review in [13,15]).
The previous and recent studies for the Elga IIE iron meteorite showed mineralogical diversity for silicate inclusions [5,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,19]. It is suggested that the modal and bulk compositions of glassy-containing silicate inclusions in the Elga meteorite and chemical composition of their phases are consistent with the model of 25% partial melting of H-chondrite and subsequent equilibrium crystallization of this melt (with merrillite liquidus phase) and then quenching at about 1090 °C [15]. However, this model does not explain the appearance of the silicate-phosphate liquid immiscibility observed in some Elga inclusions. It should be noted that in addition to the Elga meteorite meniscus-shaped Ca-Na-phosphate segregations are known within the silicate inclusions in the Colomera and Sombrerete iron meteorites [68,69,70,71].
The study of the Elga immiscible inclusions implies that silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility is a high-temperature process (probably >1000–1100 °C, quartz-feldspar eutectic). In the studied inclusion, the silicate vein cross-cuts the natrophosphate globule (Figure 7, Figure 9 and Figure S11) and this is evidence about earlier crystallization (or quenching) of natrophosphatic melt rather than silicate liquid. However, maximal PTX-conditions for separation of initial melt into silicate and natrophosphate components is not easy to evaluate. It is not excluded that this silicate inclusion was previously subjected to complete melting during shock event.
In general, the inclusions with silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility are rare type of silicate inclusions found in the Elga meteorite [12,13,17]: about 8% of total inclusions based on Figure 2. Such inclusions drastically differ from other types both in chemical composition (high abundance of Na and Ti) and exotic mineralogy. It is quite possible the appearance of Ti-rich silicates (oxyamphibole, aenigmatite, complex clinopyroxenes) and Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-orthophosphates (brianite, czochralskiite, marićite) is strongly related to silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility within silicate inclusions in the Elga meteorite and maybe in other IIE meteorites.
The mineralogy of the studied immiscible inclusion revealed three potentially new mineral species: obertiite-related oxyamphibole NaNa2Mg3Fe2+0.5Ti1.5[Si8O22]O2, Mg-analog of aenigmatite Na2Mg5TiSi6O18O2 and Na-Ti-rich clinopyroxene Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6. Formula calculation for these phases was based on the traditional method: charge balance is due to division of total FeO into FeO and Fe2O3. In general, it seems to be correct because the Mössbauer spectroscopy for the Elga diopsidic clinopyroxene showed the high amount of Fe3+ (≈50% of total Fe) [8]. In addition, the previous and recent data on mineral chemistry for the Elga meteorite also indicated the abundance of Fe3+ in silicates [5,8,9,13,15,17,19]. All this suggests a high oxygen fugacity during crystallization of silicate melt [8]. In the case of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion, silicates are variable in the content of Fe3+ (in dependence of mineral position—silicate part, contact or phosphate globule), which suggests local variations in oxygen activity during crystallization. There are no strong evidences about highly reduced conditions during crystallization of the Elga-4 inclusion. It is assumed that all Ti in minerals is in tetravalent state, like in other silicate inclusions of the Elga meteorite containing rutile, ilmenite or panethite [8,9,12,13,15]. In general, the abundance of Fe3+ should be in hypothetical contradiction with the high content of Ti3+ (different oxygen fugacity conditions). Nevertheless, the presence of trivalent titanium in the Elga minerals, especially for potentially new mineral species found in this meteorite, may be suggested. The different variants of ideal compositions (with Ti4+ and Ti3+) for the above Elga oxyamphiboles and clinopyroxenes are presented in Table 9.
It should be noted that the occurrence of minerals containing Ti4+ or Ti3+ or both components is common of carbonaceous meteorites [24,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80]. It is especially remarkable for the Allende meteorite, in which Ti4+-Ti3+-bearing minerals have been recently found: Ti3+-containing rhönite [73], tistarite Ti3+2O3 [74], grossmanite CaTi3+AlSiO6 [75], panguite (Ti4+,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 [76], hutcheonite Ca3Ti4+(SiO4)3 [77], paqueite Ca3Ti4+Si2(Al2Ti4+)O14 [78] and kaitianite Ti3+2Ti4+O5 [80].
Thus, the mineralogy of the Elga inclusion with silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility first outlines three potentially new Ti-rich minerals according to the 50% rule of IMA: obertiite-related oxyamphibole, Mg-analog of aenigmatite and Na-Ti-rich clinopyroxene. However, they need further detailed studies of both the crystal structure and chemical composition. These minerals should be carefully checked for the real concentrations and valence state of titanium and iron.

Supplementary Materials

The following figures are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/5/437/s1: Figure S1: Elemental maps for the area of local impact melting and further quenching in the Elga metal; Figure S2: BSE images and elemental maps for the area of surface alteration, Elga meteorite; Figure S3: BSE images and elemental maps for silicate inclusion Elga-1; Figure S4: BSE images for areas in silicate inclusions Elga-6 and Elga-11; Figure S5: BSE images and elemental maps for silicate inclusion Elga-5; Figure S6: BSE images and elemental maps for silicate inclusion Elga-8 enriched in troilite; Figure S7: Relationships of the obertiite-group mineral and aenigmatite in silicate part of immiscible inclusion Elga-4 (BSE image and elemental maps); Figure S8: Relationships of minerals in silicate part of immiscible inclusion Elga-4 (BSE image and elemental maps); Figure S9: BSE image and elemental maps for secondary phases from immiscible inclusion Elga-4; Figure S10: BSE images and elemental maps for chromite and related minerals on the contact between silicate and natrophosphate parts of immiscible inclusion Elga-4; Figure S11: Relationships of minerals in natrophosphate globule of immiscible inclusion Elga-4 (BSE image and elemental maps); Figure S12: BSE image and elemental maps for the silicate-natrophosphate contact in the immiscible inclusion Elga-4; Figure S13: Raman spectra of Na-rich orthophospates from natrophosphate globule in the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion; Figure S14: Raman spectra of quartz, glasses and feldspars from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.

Author Contributions

V.V.S. wrote the paper, performed the mineralogical description, measurements of chemical composition (EMPA, SEM) and Raman studies for minerals of the immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite. The author has read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

The investigations were partly supported by the State assignment project (IGM SD 0330-2016-0005). This work was also supported by the Initiative Project of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement no. 02.A03.21.0006.

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank E.N. Nigmatulina, N.S. Karmanov and M.V. Khlestov (IGM) for technical assistance at EMPA and SEM studies. We are highly appreciative of the valuable comments and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Figure 1. General view of the Elga iron meteorite (IIE) and a cut-off with silicate inclusions. Type specimen from CSGM IGM, SB RAS, Novosibirsk.
Figure 1. General view of the Elga iron meteorite (IIE) and a cut-off with silicate inclusions. Type specimen from CSGM IGM, SB RAS, Novosibirsk.
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Figure 2. General view for the studied cut-off of the Elga meteorite and silicate inclusions in Fe-Ni-metal (BSE images). Elga-1–Elga-12c—individual silicate inclusions and areas. Symbols: Gl—siliceous glass; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Cpx—diopsidic clinopyroxene; Kfs—potassic feldspar; Pan—panethite; Mer—merrillite; Opx—enstatite; Crt—chromite; Rut—rutile; Kmc—kamacite; Ap—fluorapatite; Ol—forsterite; Me + Sil—silicate globules in quenched Fe-Ni-P-S melt (Kmc + Sch + Tro). Some details see also in Figures S1–S6 of Supplementary data.
Figure 2. General view for the studied cut-off of the Elga meteorite and silicate inclusions in Fe-Ni-metal (BSE images). Elga-1–Elga-12c—individual silicate inclusions and areas. Symbols: Gl—siliceous glass; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Cpx—diopsidic clinopyroxene; Kfs—potassic feldspar; Pan—panethite; Mer—merrillite; Opx—enstatite; Crt—chromite; Rut—rutile; Kmc—kamacite; Ap—fluorapatite; Ol—forsterite; Me + Sil—silicate globules in quenched Fe-Ni-P-S melt (Kmc + Sch + Tro). Some details see also in Figures S1–S6 of Supplementary data.
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Figure 3. Areas of local impact melting and further quenching in the Elga meteorite (BSE images). Gl—silicate glass; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Cpx—diopsidic clinopyroxene; Kmc—kamacite; Mgt—magnetite; Me—kamacite ± taenite.
Figure 3. Areas of local impact melting and further quenching in the Elga meteorite (BSE images). Gl—silicate glass; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Cpx—diopsidic clinopyroxene; Kmc—kamacite; Mgt—magnetite; Me—kamacite ± taenite.
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Figure 4. Silicate inclusion (Elga-4) with the silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility (BSE image). Symbols: NPG—natrophosphate globule; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite. El4-1-El4-13–areas, which are shown mineral associations within the inclusion. See also Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figures S7–S12 in Supplementary data.
Figure 4. Silicate inclusion (Elga-4) with the silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility (BSE image). Symbols: NPG—natrophosphate globule; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite. El4-1-El4-13–areas, which are shown mineral associations within the inclusion. See also Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figures S7–S12 in Supplementary data.
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Figure 5. BSE image and elemental maps for the silicate inclusion (Elga-4) with the silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility. Symbols: NPG—natrophosphate globule; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite.
Figure 5. BSE image and elemental maps for the silicate inclusion (Elga-4) with the silicate-natrophosphate immiscibility. Symbols: NPG—natrophosphate globule; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite.
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Figure 6. Relationships of minerals in silicate part of the immiscible inclusion (Elga-4), BSE images. Position of the areas sees Figure 4. Symbols: Ab—albite; Or—K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Obr—mineral of the obertiite-subgroup; NFP—hydrated Na-Fe-phosphate (vivianite ?); Chl—Fe-rich chlorite; Sulf—sulphide (pentlandite ?); Opx—enstatite; Gt—goethite; Ksm—clinopyroxene of the diopside Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6–kosmochlor NaCrSi2O6-Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series; Aen—mineral of the aenigmatite subgroup; Crt—chromite; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite.
Figure 6. Relationships of minerals in silicate part of the immiscible inclusion (Elga-4), BSE images. Position of the areas sees Figure 4. Symbols: Ab—albite; Or—K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Obr—mineral of the obertiite-subgroup; NFP—hydrated Na-Fe-phosphate (vivianite ?); Chl—Fe-rich chlorite; Sulf—sulphide (pentlandite ?); Opx—enstatite; Gt—goethite; Ksm—clinopyroxene of the diopside Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6–kosmochlor NaCrSi2O6-Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series; Aen—mineral of the aenigmatite subgroup; Crt—chromite; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite.
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Figure 7. BSE image and elemental maps for natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Position of the area sees Figure 4. Symbols: Ab—albite; Or—K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Obr—mineral of the obertiite subgroup; Opx—enstatite; Ksm—clinopyroxene of the diopside–kosmochlor Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Mar—marićite; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Kmc—kamacite.
Figure 7. BSE image and elemental maps for natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Position of the area sees Figure 4. Symbols: Ab—albite; Or—K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Obr—mineral of the obertiite subgroup; Opx—enstatite; Ksm—clinopyroxene of the diopside–kosmochlor Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Mar—marićite; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Kmc—kamacite.
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Figure 8. BSE images for Na-Ca-Mg-phosphates in the eldge of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Position of the areas sees Figure 4. Symbols: Ab—albite; Or—K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Gl—siliceous glass; Obr—mineral of the obertiite subgroup; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Sch—schreibersite; Gt—goethite; Chl—Fe-rich chlorite; Tro—troilite; Kmc—kamacite.
Figure 8. BSE images for Na-Ca-Mg-phosphates in the eldge of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Position of the areas sees Figure 4. Symbols: Ab—albite; Or—K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Gl—siliceous glass; Obr—mineral of the obertiite subgroup; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Sch—schreibersite; Gt—goethite; Chl—Fe-rich chlorite; Tro—troilite; Kmc—kamacite.
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Figure 9. Relationships of minerals on the silicate-natrophosphate contact and in the natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion (BSE images, see Figure 4, Figure 6 and Figure 7). Symbols: Ab—albite; Or–K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Obr—mineral of the obertiite subgroup; Opx—enstatite; Ksm—clinopyroxene of the diopside–kosmochlor–Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series; Crt—chromite; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Mar—marićite; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Kmc—kamacite; Gt—goethite; Pn—pentlandite. Some details see also Figures S10–S12 in Supplementary data.
Figure 9. Relationships of minerals on the silicate-natrophosphate contact and in the natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion (BSE images, see Figure 4, Figure 6 and Figure 7). Symbols: Ab—albite; Or–K-feldspar; Qu—quartz; Obr—mineral of the obertiite subgroup; Opx—enstatite; Ksm—clinopyroxene of the diopside–kosmochlor–Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series; Crt—chromite; Bri—brianite; Czo—czochralskiite; Mar—marićite; Sch—schreibersite; Tro—troilite; Kmc—kamacite; Gt—goethite; Pn—pentlandite. Some details see also Figures S10–S12 in Supplementary data.
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Figure 10. Compositional variations (Ti vs. other components, in apfu) for the obertiite-subgroup minerals from silicate part of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
Figure 10. Compositional variations (Ti vs. other components, in apfu) for the obertiite-subgroup minerals from silicate part of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
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Figure 11. The proposed classification diagram for Ti-rich compositions of the obertiite subgroup (data for the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion).
Figure 11. The proposed classification diagram for Ti-rich compositions of the obertiite subgroup (data for the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion).
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Figure 12. Compositional variations (in apfu) for the aenigmatite-subgroup minerals from the silicate part of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe2+).
Figure 12. Compositional variations (in apfu) for the aenigmatite-subgroup minerals from the silicate part of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion. Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe2+).
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Figure 13. Complex clinopyroxenes from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion on the ternary diagram and their isomorphic substitutions. Symbols for clinopyroxenes: squares—silicate part of the inclusion; triangles—silicate-natrophosphate contact; circles—natrophosphate globule.
Figure 13. Complex clinopyroxenes from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion on the ternary diagram and their isomorphic substitutions. Symbols for clinopyroxenes: squares—silicate part of the inclusion; triangles—silicate-natrophosphate contact; circles—natrophosphate globule.
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Figure 14. Raman spectra of the obertiite-subgroup minerals from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
Figure 14. Raman spectra of the obertiite-subgroup minerals from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
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Figure 15. Raman spectra of the aenigmatite-subgroup minerals from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
Figure 15. Raman spectra of the aenigmatite-subgroup minerals from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
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Figure 16. Raman spectra of enstatite and clinopyroxenes of the diopside–kosmochlor–Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
Figure 16. Raman spectra of enstatite and clinopyroxenes of the diopside–kosmochlor–Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6 series from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion.
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Table
Table 1. List of mineral phases and glasses found in the Elga meteorite.
Table 1. List of mineral phases and glasses found in the Elga meteorite.
MineralFormulaMineralFormula
Graphitesp2-CRutileTiO2
Iron (kamacite)α-(Fe,Ni)ChromiteFeCr2O4
Taeniteγ-(Fe,Ni)MagnetiteFeFe2O4
TetrataeniteFeNiTrevoriteNiFe2O4
Schreibersite(Fe,Ni)3PIlmeniteFeTiO3
“Ferro-melliniite”(Fe,Ni)4PArmalcolite(Mg,Fe)Ti2O5
TroiliteFeSQuartzSiO2
MilleriteNiSForsterite(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Pentlandite(Fe,Ni)9S8Enstatite(Mg,Fe)2Si2O6
FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3FDiopsideCa(Mg,Fe)Si2O6
MerrilliteCa9NaMg(PO4)7KosmochlorNaCrSi2O6
TuiteCa3(PO4)2“Na-Ti-clinopyroxene”Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6
Panethite(Na,Ca,K)2(Mg,Fe)2(PO4)2Ferri-obertiiteNaNa2Mg3Fe3+Ti[Si8O22]O2
CzochralskiiteNa4Ca3Mg(PO4)4“Titan-obertiite”NaNa2Mg2Fe2+0.5Ti1.5[Si8O22]O2
BrianiteNa2CaMg(PO4)2AenigmatiteNa2(Fe2+,Mg)5TiSi6O18O2
MarićiteNaFe(PO4)"Magnesio-aenigmatite"Na2(Mg,Fe2+)5TiSi6O18O2
ChladniiteNa2Ca(Mg,Fe)7(PO4)6AlbiteNaAlSi3O8
“Na-Fe-Mg-phosphate”Na2(Fe,Mn)(Mg,Ca)(PO4)2K-feldsparKAlSi3O8
"Na-Fe-H2O-phosphate"Na-rich Fe2+3(PO4)2∙8H2OChlorite (chamosite ?)Fe5Al[AlSi3O10](OH)8
Siderite(Fe,Ni)(CO3)SerpentineFe3Si2O5(OH)4
Goethiteα-FeOOHSiliceous glass>70 wt.% SiO2
HematiteFe2O3Ca-Mg-Fe silicate glass40–45 wt.% SiO2
Data are from [1,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20] and from this work. The names in inverted commas mean poorly identified phases or potentially new mineral species. See also Figures S1–S14 from Supplementary data. The assumed phase of the Fe3P-Fe3S series [20] is not included here. The minerals in italics are first described for the Elga meteorite in this study.
Table
Table 2. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of kamacite, schreibersite and troilite from rim around the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
Table 2. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of kamacite, schreibersite and troilite from rim around the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
MineralKamaciteSchreibersiteTroilite
N = 5N = 6N = 3
Pn.d.15.20n.d.
Sn.d.n.d.36.64
Fe93.0860.1063.51
Co0.450.13n.d.
Ni6.4424.69n.d.
Sum99.97100.11100.15
n.d.—not detected.
Table
Table 3. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of feldspars, quartz and siliceous glass from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
Table 3. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of feldspars, quartz and siliceous glass from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
12345678
PhaseAlbiteK-feldsparQuartzGlass
PositionEl4-2El4-5El4-3El4-2El4-2El4-2El4El4
AreaN = 2N = 1N = 1N = 4N = 4N = 2N = 8N = 6
SiO269.8068.8569.4369.5967.0466.6999.4472.18
Al2O316.5016.0316.1916.1815.7515.41n.d.14.40
FeO0.871.780.911.271.562.410.472.05
MnO0.04n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.0.04n.d.n.d.
MgO0.680.290.850.800.810.83n.d.0.36
CaO0.01n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.0.18n.d.n.d.
Na2O10.5311.269.098.665.672.95n.d.7.55
K2O1.291.733.873.308.5211.50n.d.3.09
Sum99.7399.94100.3499.8199.34100.0199.9199.62
Albite92.4690.8278.1279.9650.2727.81
Orthoclase7.479.1821.8820.0449.7371.27
Anorthite0.070.000.000.000.000.92
Quartz 100.00
TiO2, Cr2O3, P2O5, F and Cl are below detection limits (<0.005 wt.%); n.d.—not detected. 1–2—individual grains of albite; 3–5—feldspar zones from “layered” grains; 6—individual grain of K-feldspar.
Table
Table 4. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of the obertiite-subgroup mineral from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion, Elga meteorite.
Table 4. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of the obertiite-subgroup mineral from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion, Elga meteorite.
PositionElga-4 El4-3El4-4El4-5El4-6El4-7El4-12El4-13El4-rEl4-K
AreaN = 57sdmaxminN = 8N = 5N = 7N = 4N = 10N = 2N = 3N = 5N = 6
SiO253.620.5054.6352.1653.7553.7653.9252.4853.5453.1853.5153.5954.03
TiO211.721.0314.259.4611.0211.7611.6813.8011.5312.9711.6211.5511.06
Cr2O30.260.281.340.020.120.200.150.290.370.180.520.220.18
V2O30.010.020.060.000.000.000.000.050.040.000.060.000.00
Al2O30.400.190.910.000.300.370.310.660.310.690.410.360.32
Fe2O33.462.098.860.385.224.031.701.884.653.793.254.422.62
FeO5.752.079.641.154.324.667.158.854.664.647.274.206.72
MnO0.450.080.650.260.460.420.390.480.510.550.450.470.38
MgO12.640.9313.9510.0513.1913.2312.5910.5313.0412.7911.3913.3212.52
CaO2.120.503.091.392.182.412.851.471.881.801.891.762.57
Na2O8.980.289.408.219.019.038.679.189.099.239.159.148.47
K2O0.720.181.210.400.670.470.610.610.750.610.610.831.09
F0.280.130.500.090.310.180.190.140.430.110.090.390.27
Sum100.41 100.56100.52100.25100.41100.80100.51100.23100.23100.25
O-F20.12 0.130.070.090.060.180.040.040.160.11
Sum100.29 100.43100.44100.16100.36100.62100.47100.19100.07100.13
Formula based on 13 cations and 24 anions (O + F)
Si7.766 7.7577.7477.8277.6807.7207.6707.8107.7447.852
Al0.068 0.0520.0630.0540.1140.0530.1170.0700.0610.055
Fe3+0.166 0.1920.1900.1190.2060.2280.2140.1200.1950.093
Sum T8.000 8.0008.0008.0008.0008.0008.0008.0008.0008.000
Ti1.277 1.1961.2751.2761.5191.2501.4071.2761.2551.209
Cr+V0.031 0.0140.0230.0170.0390.0470.0200.0670.0250.020
Fe3+0.212 0.3750.2470.0660.0010.2760.1980.2370.2850.194
Fe2+0.697 0.5220.5620.8691.0830.5620.5590.8870.5080.816
Mn0.055 0.0560.0510.0480.0590.0620.0670.0560.0580.047
Mg2.729 2.8372.8432.7352.2982.8022.7492.4772.8702.712
Sum C5.000 5.0005.0005.0005.0005.0005.0005.0005.0005.000
Ca0.328 0.3370.3720.4440.2300.2900.2780.2950.2720.400
Na1.672 1.6631.6281.5561.7701.7101.7221.7051.7281.600
Sum B2.000 2.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.000
Na0.848 0.8580.8950.8840.8350.8330.8580.8840.8320.787
K0.133 0.1230.0860.1120.1140.1380.1130.1130.1520.203
Sum A0.981 0.9820.9810.9960.9490.9700.9710.9970.9840.989
F0.129 0.1420.0810.0980.0620.1960.0480.0420.1790.125
O1.871 1.8581.9191.9131.9381.8041.9521.9581.8211.875
P2O5, Cl and ZnO are below detection limits (<0.005 wt.%). Formulas are calculated on 13 cations (8 tetrahedra + 5 octahedra) and 24 anions (O + F). FeO and Fe2O3 are calculated on charge balance at assumption of water-free composition. Elga-4—mean of all compositions; El4-6—mean of high-Ti compositions (TiO2 > 13.5 wt.%); El4-K—mean of K-rich compositions (K2O > 1.0 wt.%). N, sd, min, max—average, standard deviation, minimal and maximal values. The position of some grains is in Figure 6.
Table
Table 5. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of the aenigmatite-subgroup minerals from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
Table 5. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of the aenigmatite-subgroup minerals from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
1234567891011Mean
AreaEl4-13 El4-6 El4-N
SiO246.3945.9546.2746.4446.1846.1846.6046.2444.7144.6546.2945.99
TiO210.2010.3310.2910.3610.2910.1010.0910.1410.4710.5910.2010.28
Cr2O30.210.200.440.340.330.300.340.230.060.180.160.25
Al2O3n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.0.450.45n.d.0.08
Fe2O32.562.652.640.912.773.811.271.923.681.892.172.39
FeO17.5317.7417.6819.3018.0816.0118.7718.7820.1222.5918.3818.63
MnO0.500.620.530.670.700.540.570.450.670.800.570.60
MgO14.5914.2014.5814.1813.9115.0614.5314.4312.0111.3414.6013.95
CaO0.02n.d.0.03n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.0.01
Na2O8.478.448.438.248.538.558.248.218.428.108.248.35
Sum100.46100.13100.89100.44100.79100.55100.41100.40100.60100.59100.60100.54
Formula based on 14 cations and 20 oxygens
Si5.9355.9155.9065.9645.9185.8915.9735.9385.8205.8485.9295.913
Al 0.0700.069 0.012
Fe3+0.0650.0850.0940.0360.0820.1090.0270.0620.1110.0820.0710.075
Sum6.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.000
Ti0.9811.0000.9881.0010.9920.9690.9730.9791.0251.0430.9820.994
Cr0.0210.0200.0440.0350.0330.0300.0340.0230.0060.0190.0160.026
Fe3+0.1820.1710.1600.0520.1850.2560.0950.1240.2500.1040.1380.156
Fe2+1.8751.9091.8882.0731.9371.7082.0122.0172.1902.4741.9682.003
Mn0.0540.0680.0570.0730.0760.0580.0620.0490.0740.0890.0620.066
Mg2.7832.7252.7742.7152.6572.8642.7762.7632.3312.2142.7882.673
Na0.1030.1060.0890.0520.1190.1150.0480.0440.1250.0570.0460.082
Sum6.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.0006.000
Ca0.002 0.004 0.001
Na1.9982.0001.9962.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0001.999
Sum2.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.000
End-members (mol.%)
Mg-Aen55.6654.5055.4954.3053.1557.2855.5355.2546.6144.2855.7553.46
Aen37.5138.1937.7541.4738.7534.1640.2340.3543.8049.4939.3740.07
Others6.837.316.764.238.108.564.244.409.596.234.886.47
K2O, P2O5, V2O3, F, Cl and ZnO are below detection limits (<0.005 wt.%); n.d.—not detected; FeO and Fe2O3 are calculated on charge balance. Aen—aenigmatite NaFe2+5Ti(Si6O18)O2, Mg-Aen—hypothetical “magnesio-aenigmatite” NaMg5Ti(Si6O18)O2.
Table
Table 6. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of enstatite from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
Table 6. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of enstatite from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
12 345 c5 r
PositionSPCONT SPSPCONTCONT
AreaElga-4Elga-4 Elga-4El4-5-2El4-5-3El4-5-3
N = 3N = 19sdN = 3N = 1N = 1N = 1
SiO255.6956.120.4353.9455.4156.5654.37
TiO20.410.280.06n.d.0.270.28n.d.
Cr2O30.540.340.08n.d.0.340.32n.d.
Al2O3n.d.0.030.050.110.20n.d.0.11
Fe2O30.820.980.811.310.270.530.95
FeO11.3910.160.9918.6214.149.8118.24
MnO0.900.750.091.660.650.751.54
MgO29.4230.970.7423.8427.9031.4124.41
CaO0.700.430.080.340.500.430.29
Na2O0.290.150.060.280.290.170.29
Sum100.17100.22 100.1099.97100.26100.20
Formula based on 4 cations and 6 oxygens
Si1.9801.979 1.9891.9901.9871.995
Al 0.001 0.0050.008 0.005
Fe3+0.0200.020 0.0060.0010.0130.000
Sum2.0002.000 2.0002.0002.0002.000
Ti0.0110.008 0.0070.007
Cr0.0150.010 0.0100.009
Fe3+0.0020.006 0.0310.0060.0010.026
Fe2+0.3390.300 0.5740.4250.2880.560
Mn0.0270.022 0.0520.0200.0220.048
Mg1.5591.628 1.3101.4931.6441.335
Ca0.0270.016 0.0140.0190.0160.011
Na0.0200.010 0.0200.0200.0120.021
Sum2.0002.000 2.0002.0002.0002.000
End-members (mol.%)
En78.2081.30 65.3175.2582.3566.72
Fs19.4617.39 33.0322.7616.2631.68
Wo2.341.32 1.661.991.391.60
P2O5, SrO, V2O3, K2O and ZnO are below detection limits (<0.005 wt.%); n.d.—not detected; sd—standard deviation. FeO and Fe2O3 are calculated on charge balance. SP—silicate part of the inclusion; CONT—contact between silicate and natrophosphate parts. En—enstatite; Fs—ferrosilite; Wo—wollastonite. 1–2—Mg-rich compositions; 3—Fe-rich composition; 4—intermediate composition; 5 (c, r)—core and rim of zoned grain.
Table
Table 7. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of complex clinopyroxenes from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
Table 7. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of complex clinopyroxenes from the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
PositionSPSPSPSPSPSPSPCONTCONTCONTNFGNFGNFG
AreaEl4-5-1El4-5-1El4-5-1El4-5-2El4-5-2El4-5-2El4-5-2El4-5-3El4-5-3El4-1El4-6xEl4-6xEl4-6x
N = 3N = 4N = 4N = 2N = 2N = 2N = 2N = 1N = 1N = 1N = 2N = 2N = 2
SiO254.1153.2853.2253.7153.3654.0353.2653.4553.5053.0553.1753.4553.19
TiO24.283.343.745.284.892.294.073.152.924.5512.0510.619.38
V2O3n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.0.110.080.08
Cr2O310.8916.9214.9417.5817.2510.0615.419.307.547.3310.8712.2211.04
Al2O30.130.450.460.250.340.410.530.250.420.190.700.391.03
Fe2O30.392.301.910.280.192.532.276.625.334.650.790.733.00
FeO1.650.943.111.642.230.030.990.053.240.001.412.600.33
MnO0.190.230.300.200.210.220.270.230.440.270.200.170.21
MgO9.515.646.345.325.1610.486.249.249.4510.334.444.274.78
CaO11.576.786.715.075.6213.417.1011.1510.2612.393.082.904.54
Na2O7.5310.099.4211.0310.656.599.897.707.107.1113.1412.8012.33
Sum100.2599.96100.15100.3599.88100.06100.03101.14100.2099.8799.94100.2099.90
Formula based on 4 cations and 6 oxygens
Si1.9841.9801.9791.9821.9831.9811.9731.9551.9801.9531.9501.9661.954
Al0.0050.0200.0200.0110.0150.0180.0230.0110.0180.0080.0300.0170.045
Fe3+0.0110.0010.0010.0070.0020.0010.0040.0340.0020.0390.0200.0170.001
Sum2.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.0002.000
Ti0.1180.0930.1050.1460.1370.0630.1130.0870.0810.1260.3320.2930.259
Cr+V0.3160.4970.4390.5130.5070.2920.4510.2690.2210.2130.3180.3570.323
Fe3+0.0000.0640.0520.0010.0040.0690.0590.1480.1470.0900.0020.0030.082
Fe2+0.0510.0290.0970.0510.0690.0010.0310.0020.1000.0000.0430.0800.010
Mn0.0060.0070.0100.0060.0070.0070.0080.0070.0140.0080.0060.0050.007
Mg0.5190.3120.3510.2930.2860.5730.3440.5040.5210.5670.2430.2340.262
Sum1.0091.0031.0531.0101.0091.0041.0081.0171.0841.0040.9450.9530.943
Ca0.4550.2700.2670.2010.2240.5270.2820.4370.4070.4890.1210.1140.179
Na0.5360.7270.6790.7890.7670.4690.7100.5460.5090.5070.9340.9130.878
Sum0.9910.9970.9470.9900.9910.9960.9920.9830.9160.9961.0551.0271.057
End-members (mol.%)
Kosmochlor31.5749.7143.9251.3050.6929.1845.1326.9022.0621.3331.8135.7432.30
Aegirine0.016.375.200.110.386.905.9414.8514.668.960.190.298.23
“Na-Ti-cpx”21.9916.6318.8127.5325.6510.7819.9712.8814.2320.4661.4555.2547.30
Diopside40.7823.6321.4515.3815.6952.3825.0444.4937.6448.431.600.1910.50
Hedenbergite5.653.6610.625.687.580.773.920.8811.413.924.958.521.67
P2O5, SrO, K2O and ZnO are below detection limits (<0.005 wt.%); n.d.—not detected. FeO and Fe2O3 are calculated on charge balance. SP—silicate part of the inclusion; CONT—on the contact between silicate and natrophosphate parts; NFG—natrophosphate globule; ”Na-Ti-cpx”—hypothetical Na(Mg,Fe)0.5Ti0.5Si2O6.
Table
Table 8. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of Na-rich phosphates from natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
Table 8. Chemical composition (WDS, wt.%) of Na-rich phosphates from natrophosphate globule of the Elga-4 immiscible inclusion in the Elga meteorite.
MineralCzochralskiite Brianite Marićite NFP
N = 32sdminmaxN = 23sdminmaxN = 16sdminmaxN = 4
SiO20.130.140.000.750.090.090.000.440.130.190.000.670.54
P2O545.160.3544.3845.8646.6846.6845.6247.1241.880.5041.1042.4631.30
FeO3.310.702.275.073.393.392.954.2326.740.4225.8027.7434.58
MnO0.640.210.411.480.480.480.260.675.810.285.346.170.59
MgO4.880.344.225.6411.0311.0310.4011.895.650.325.286.243.77
CaO26.030.5925.0027.0617.7617.7617.4018.850.770.250.521.462.26
SrO0.100.050.000.180.340.340.100.530.090.060.000.17
Na2O19.850.2519.5020.4520.2720.2719.8720.6018.900.2918.6019.602.22
Sum100.10 100.04 99.98 76.37
Formula
based on16 oxy 8 oxy 4 oxy
Si0.014 0.004 0.004
P3.981 2.007 0.986
Fe0.288 0.144 0.622
Mn0.056 0.021 0.137
Mg0.758 0.835 0.234
Ca2.907 0.967 0.023
Sr0.006 0.010 0.001
Na4.008 1.996 1.019
Sum cations12.018 5.983 3.027
Al2O3, TiO2, Cr2O3, SO3, F, Cl, K2O and ZnO are below detection limits (<0.005 wt.%). NFP—hydrated sodium-containing iron phosphate (sum includes 0.23 wt.% Al2O3 and 0.89 wt.% K2O). N, sd, min, max—average, standard deviation, minimal and maximal values.
Table
Table 9. Ideal compositions for some natural and hypothetical Na-rich oxyamphiboles and clinopyroxenes.
Table 9. Ideal compositions for some natural and hypothetical Na-rich oxyamphiboles and clinopyroxenes.
PhaseFerri-
Obertiite		“Ti3+-
Obertiite”		“Fe2+-Ti4+-
Obertiite”		Kosmo-
Chlor		“Ti3+-kosmo-
Chlor”		“Ti3+-Na-
Cpx”		“Mg-Ti4+-Na-
Cpx”
FormulaNaNa2
Mg3Fe3+Ti4+
(Si8O22)O2		NaNa2
Mg3Ti3+Ti4+
(Si8O22)O2		NaNa2
Mg3Fe2+0.5Ti4+1.5
(Si8O22)O2		Na
Cr
Si2O6		Na
Cr0.5Ti3+0.5
Si2O6		Na
Ti3+
Si2O6		Na
Mg0.5Ti4+0.5
Si2O6
SiO256.2758.0356.5352.9055.6058.5956.88
TiO2 tot9.3516.8814.090.0013.8729.2318.91
Cr2O30.000.000.0033.4617.580.000.00
FeO tot8.390.004.220.000.000.000.00
MgO14.1514.6014.220.000.000.009.54
Na2O10.8811.2210.9313.6414.3415.1114.67
Sum99.04100.72100.00100.00101.39102.93100.00
TiO2 tot and FeO tot mean total titanium and iron oxides calculated as TiO2 and FeO. Cpx—clinopyroxene.

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Sharygin, V.V. Mineralogy of Silicate-Natrophosphate Immiscible Inclusion in Elga IIE Iron Meteorite. Minerals 2020, 10, 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050437

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Sharygin VV. Mineralogy of Silicate-Natrophosphate Immiscible Inclusion in Elga IIE Iron Meteorite. Minerals. 2020; 10(5):437. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050437

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Sharygin, Victor V. 2020. "Mineralogy of Silicate-Natrophosphate Immiscible Inclusion in Elga IIE Iron Meteorite" Minerals 10, no. 5: 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050437

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