Experimental Procedure for the Determination of the Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) of Simple Frothers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bubble Coalescence Measurements
2.3. Determination of Surface Tension Isotherms
3. Results
3.1. CCC Values of the Frothers
3.2. Surface Tension Isotherms and Theoretical Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical | Hydroxyl Value (mgKOH/g) | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Formula | HLB | pH (1% Solution) | Molecular Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG 200 n ~ 3.5 | 510–623 | 180–220 | HO(C3H6O)nH | 10.55 | 5.0–7.0 | |
PPG 400 n ~ 6.5 | 255–312 | 360–440 | HO(C3H6O)nH | 8.69 | 5.0–7.0 | |
PPG 600 n ~ 10 | 170–208 | 540–660 | HO(C3H6O)nH | 8.25 | 5.0–7.0 | |
BTPG n = 3 | ~75 Polyglycols | 248.36 | C4H9(C3H6O)nOH | 6.63 | 5.0–7.0 | |
BTEG n = 3 | ≥50%–<100% Polyglycols | 206.2793 | C4H9(C2H4O)nOH | 8.05 | 5.0–7.0 | |
BDPG n = 2 | 98.5 Polyglycols | 190.28 | C4H9(C3H6O)nOH | 6.75 | 5.0–7.0 | |
MIBC | w/w:≥100% | 102.17 | CH3CH(OH)CH2−−CH(OH)CH3 | 6.53 | 5.0–6.0 | |
Frother | CCC (ppm) | CCC (mol/L) |
---|---|---|
PPG 600 | 3 | 5.00 × 10−6 |
PPG 400 | 4 | 9.52 × 10−6 |
BTPG | 5 | 2.01 × 10−5 |
MIBC | 10 | 9.78 × 10−5 |
PPG 200 | 11 | 5.73 × 10−5 |
BDPG | 17 | 8.93 × 10−5 |
BTEG | 20 | 9.7 × 10−5 |
Frothers | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | (A2) | CCC (mol/L) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG 600 | 540–660 | 0.05 | 166.00 | 0.68 | 5.00 × 10−6 |
PPG 400 | 360–440 | 0.05 | 49.28 | 0 | 9.52 × 10−6 |
BTPG | 248.36 | 9.72 × 10−4 | 23.00 | 0 | 2.01 × 10−5 |
PPG 200 | 180–220 | 3.60 × 10−5 | 21.85 | 0 | 5.73 × 10−5 |
BDPG | 190.28 | 2.46 × 10−4 | 19.96 | 0 | 8.93 × 10−5 |
BTEG | 206.2793 | 9.79 × 10−5 | 12.39 | 0 | 9.70 × 10−5 |
MIBC | 102.17 | 1.17 × 10−4 | 9.93 | 0 | 9.78 × 10−5 |
Frother | CCC (mmol/L) | CCC (ppm) | Method | Literature |
---|---|---|---|---|
MIBC | 0.079 | 8.1 | Three-hole sparger, open-top flotation cell University of Cape Town, (UCT) bubble size analyzer and D32 | [15] |
MIBC | 0.11 | 11.2 | Sauter mean bubble diameter (D32) UCT bubble sizer and DFI-CCC diagram | [18] |
MIBC | 0.352 | 36.0 | Camera and image analysis Sauter mean diameter (D50) | [35] |
MIBC | 0.11 | 11.2 | UCT bubble size analyzer and Sauter mean bubble diameter CCC values | [36] |
MIBC/DF-200 | 0.094 | 9.6 | ||
MIBC/DF-250 | 0.067 | 6.85 | ||
MIBC/DF-1024 | 0.049 | 5.01 | ||
MIBC | 0.098 | 10.0 | Scatter the HeNe laser and stochastic mode/Hydrophillic Lipophillic Balance (HLB) | [37] |
MIBC | 0.108 | 11.0 | The capillary tube was studied; acoustic emissions were recorded | [17] |
MIBC | 0.098 | 10.0 | HLB and Sauter mean bubble diameter | [21] |
MIBC | 0.124 | 12.7 | Calculated from the average and standard deviation of 5 measurements | [38] |
MIBC | 0.196 | 20.0 | Sauter mean bubble diameter (D32) | [20] |
MIBC (analytical grade) | 0.07 | 7.2 | McGill bubble size analyzer/D32 mm Sauter mean bubble diameter | [19] |
MIBC (commercial) | 0.068 | 7.0 | ||
MIBC | 0.079 | 8.1 | Sauter mean diameter (D32) and HLB group number calculated | [39] |
MIBC CC95 | 0.059 | 6.0 | Sauter mean diameter (D32) | [40] |
MIBC CC90 | 0.046 | 4.7 | ||
MIBC CC85 | 0.038 | 3.9 | ||
MIBC | 0.11 | 11.2 | Sauter mean bubble diameter/HLB/MW | [41] |
MIBC | 0.098 | 10.0 | Bubble-bubble contact time | [10] |
MIBC* | 0.098 ± 0.035 | 10.02 ± 3.56 |
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Guven, O.; Batjargal, K.; Ozdemir, O.; Karakashev, S.I.; Grozev, N.A.; Boylu, F.; Çelik, M.S. Experimental Procedure for the Determination of the Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) of Simple Frothers. Minerals 2020, 10, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10070617
Guven O, Batjargal K, Ozdemir O, Karakashev SI, Grozev NA, Boylu F, Çelik MS. Experimental Procedure for the Determination of the Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) of Simple Frothers. Minerals. 2020; 10(7):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10070617
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuven, Onur, Khandjamts Batjargal, Orhan Ozdemir, Stoyan I. Karakashev, Nikolay A. Grozev, Feridun Boylu, and Mehmet Sabri Çelik. 2020. "Experimental Procedure for the Determination of the Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) of Simple Frothers" Minerals 10, no. 7: 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10070617