Osteopontin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Immunoreactivity in Critical Bone Defects Matrix Production: A Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Xenogeneic Hydroxyapatite Comparison
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Surgical Procedures
2.3. Distribution of Groups
2.4. Morphological Analysis Protocol
2.5. Goldner’s Trichromic Staining Protocol
2.6. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Osteopomtin (OPN) Immunoreactivity
2.6.1. Histochemical Protocol
2.6.2. Image Acquisition and Histomorphometry
2.6.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Goldner’s Trichromic Staining
3.2. Osteopontin
3.3. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- a.
- Synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite had more significant relevance in the formation of newly formed bone matrix compared to xenogeneic hydroxyapatite and clot groups.
- b.
- The rate of the protein that promotes the growth of new blood vessels (VEGF) was higher in the nano-hydroxyapatite group than in the other groups.
- c.
- The response of the extracellular matrix protein (osteopontin) was similar in the synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite and xenogeneic hydroxyapatite groups compared to the control group.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kruskal–Wallis Test | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 0.516 | 0.3936 | 4.685 |
Std. Deviation | 0.314 | 0.3981 | 3.405 |
p value | 0.0001 | ||
Exact or approximate p value? | Exact | ||
p value summary | *** |
Kruskal–Wallis Test | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 1.447 | 5.804 | 8.279 |
Std. Deviation | 1.024 | 3.36 | 3.823 |
p value | 0.0072 | ||
Exact or approximate p value? | Exact | ||
p value summary | *** |
Kruskal–Wallis Test | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 1.778 | 4.439 | 10.71 |
Std. Deviation | 0.7124 | 1.049 | 2.068 |
p value | 0.0001 | ||
Exact or approximate p value? | Exact | ||
p value summary | *** |
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dos Santos, I.S.; da Silva Brum, I.; Vieira de Oliveira, V.H.; Rosa Nascimento, A.L.; Frigo, L.; dos Santos Pereira, M.J.; de Carvalho, J.J. Osteopontin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Immunoreactivity in Critical Bone Defects Matrix Production: A Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Xenogeneic Hydroxyapatite Comparison. Minerals 2021, 11, 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101048
dos Santos IS, da Silva Brum I, Vieira de Oliveira VH, Rosa Nascimento AL, Frigo L, dos Santos Pereira MJ, de Carvalho JJ. Osteopontin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Immunoreactivity in Critical Bone Defects Matrix Production: A Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Xenogeneic Hydroxyapatite Comparison. Minerals. 2021; 11(10):1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101048
Chicago/Turabian Styledos Santos, Ivonete Sena, Igor da Silva Brum, Victor Hugo Vieira de Oliveira, Ana Lucia Rosa Nascimento, Lucio Frigo, Mario José dos Santos Pereira, and Jorge José de Carvalho. 2021. "Osteopontin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Immunoreactivity in Critical Bone Defects Matrix Production: A Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Xenogeneic Hydroxyapatite Comparison" Minerals 11, no. 10: 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101048