Lattice-Preferred Orientation and Seismic Anisotropy of Minerals in Retrograded Eclogites from Xitieshan, Northwestern China, and Implications for Seismic Reflectance of Rocks in the Subduction Zone
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Settings
3. Methods
3.1. Measurement of Lattice-Preferred Orientation (LPO) of Minerals
3.2. Calculation of Seismic Velocity and Anisotropy
3.3. Calculation of Reflection Coefficient
3.4. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
3.5. Analysis of Chemical Composition and Temperature Estimation
4. Results
4.1. Sample Description and Microstructures
4.2. Chemical Composition and Equilibrium Temperature
4.3. Lattice-Preferred Orientations of Minerals
4.4. Misorientation between Amphibole and Omphacite
4.5. Seismic Velocity and Anisotropy
4.6. Reflection Coefficient of Samples
5. Discussion
5.1. Lattice-Preferred Orientations of Minerals
5.2. Seismic Velocity, Anisotropy, and Reflection Coefficient (RC)
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Modal Composition (%) | Aspect Ratio of Minerals | EBSD Mapping | Temperature a (°C) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amp | Omp | Plag | Grt | Qtz | Others | XY | XZ | YZ | Step Size (μm) | Hit Rate (%) | ||
885 | 33.0 | 14.0 | 8.8 | 33.3 | 10.1 | Mi 1.0 | 1.129 | 1.317 | 1.199 | 25 | 91.2 | 727 ± 40 |
881 | 51.9 | 19.6 | 10.7 | 16.2 | 1.4 | Il 0.2 | 1.222 | 1.424 | 1.154 | 25 | 95.4 | 746 ± 50 |
880 | 53.4 | 13.2 | 25.2 | 2.0 | 5.6 | Il 0.7 | 1.273 | 1.340 | 1.176 | 35 | 96.1 | 759 ± 50 |
882 * | 91.5 | 1.3 * | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.1 | Il 0.2 | 1.138 | 1.489 | 1.403 | 23 | 84.4 | 780 ± 30 |
Element | Sample 885 | Sample 880 | |||||||||||
Amp | Omp | Grt | Mus | Ru | Ilme | Plg | Qtz | Amp | Omp | Grt | Plg | Qtz | |
SiO2 | 46.08 | 54.65 | 39.99 | 46.23 | 0.04 | 0 | 56.63 | 99.16 | 45.09 | 54.59 | 40.47 | 44.68 | 100.79 |
TiO2 | 0.46 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0 | 99.7 | 54.94 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.01 |
Al2O3 | 12.44 | 7.02 | 22.24 | 37.04 | 0 | 0.03 | 27.83 | 0.01 | 12.29 | 7.05 | 22.73 | 35.85 | 0 |
Cr2O3 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 |
FeO | 10.5 | 5.32 | 17.29 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 44.12 | 0.22 | 0.2 | 11.58 | 5.28 | 16.55 | 0.05 | 0 |
MgO | 13.51 | 10.93 | 9.08 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 12.69 | 10.97 | 10.66 | 0.02 | 0 |
CaO | 11.74 | 18.38 | 10.69 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0 | 9.64 | 0 | 12.27 | 18.34 | 9.67 | 19.23 | 0 |
Na2O | 1.96 | 3.73 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0 | 6.11 | 0.01 | 1.84 | 3.82 | 0 | 0.78 | 0 |
K2O | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 10.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MnO | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0 | 0.02 | 1.44 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
NiO | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
Total | 97 | 100.27 | 99.76 | 95.14 | 100.52 | 100.72 | 100.45 | 99.43 | 96.55 | 100.29 | 100.48 | 100.65 | 100.82 |
Element | Sample 881 | Sample 882 | |||||||||||
Amp | Omp | Grt | Ru | Ilme | Plg | Qtz | Amp | Cpx | Grt | Mus | Ilme | ||
SiO2 | 49.29 | 53.96 | 40.56 | 0 | 0.04 | 43.55 | 99.32 | 48.27 | 51.48 | 40.41 | 48.99 | 0 | |
TiO2 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0 | 99.35 | 54.31 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 54.59 | |
Al2O3 | 9.77 | 7.87 | 23.2 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 36.65 | 0 | 10.15 | 5.29 | 23.16 | 30.24 | 0.05 | |
Cr2O3 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.73 | 0.12 | 0.47 | 0.03 | |
FeO | 6.92 | 2.53 | 16.51 | 0.52 | 43.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 8.68 | 4.98 | 16.57 | 1.33 | 40.98 | |
MgO | 16.89 | 12.3 | 10.49 | 0.01 | 1.83 | 0 | 0.02 | 15.56 | 12.59 | 11.35 | 2.49 | 0.13 | |
CaO | 12.1 | 19.94 | 9.55 | 0.09 | 0 | 19.75 | 0.01 | 11.86 | 23.62 | 8.23 | 0.01 | 0.06 | |
Na2O | 1.49 | 2.97 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0 | 1.27 | 0.72 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0 | |
K2O | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 11.32 | 0 | |
MnO | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 4.96 | |
NiO | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0 | |
Total | 96.98 | 100.04 | 100.85 | 100.7 | 99.91 | 100.34 | 99.4 | 96.31 | 99.74 | 100.21 | 94.98 | 100.79 |
Sample | Fabric Strength a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Amp | Omp | Grt | Plag | |
885 | 0.08 | 0.121 | 0.018 | 0.049 |
881 | 0.105 | 0.083 | 0.016 | 0.043 |
880 | 0.08 | 0.065 | 0.045 | 0.048 |
882 | 0.067 | - | 0.022 | 0.06 |
Sample | Amphibole | Omphacite/Diopside * | ||||||
VP (km/s) | VS (km/s) | AVP (%) | Max. AVS (%) | VP (km/s) | VS (km/s) | AVP (%) | Max. AVS (%) | |
885 | 6.71–6.97 | 3.66–3.79 | 3.7 | 3.28 | 8.31–8.53 | 4.85–4.92 | 2.6 | 1.41 |
881 | 6.67–7.02 | 3.64–3.79 | 5.2 | 3.61 | 8.36–8.54 | 4.84–4.92 | 2.1 | 1.56 |
880 | 6.71–6.97 | 3.60–3.77 | 3.8 | 3.21 | 8.36–8.53 | 4.84–4.91 | 2.1 | 1.23 |
882 | 6.59–7.09 | 3.65–3.76 | 7.3 | 2.72 | 7.99–8.13 | 4.66–4.75 | 1.7 | 1.68 |
Sample | Garnet | Whole Rock | ||||||
VP (km/s) | VS (km/s) | AVP (%) | Max. AVS (%) | VP (km/s) | VS (km/s) | AVP (%) | Max. AVS (%) | |
885 | 9.32–9.33 | 5.49–5.50 | 0.1 | 0.16 | 7.57–7.66 | 4.36–4.44 | 1.2 | 1.57 |
881 | 9.31–9.33 | 5.48–5.50 | 0.2 | 0.31 | 7.36–7.55 | 4.12–4.21 | 2.6 | 1.87 |
880 | 9.31–9.34 | 5.47–5.51 | 0.3 | 0.55 | 6.90–7.05 | 3.84–3.90 | 2.1 | 1.40 |
882 | 9.31–9.33 | 5.48–5.51 | 0.2 | 0.35 | 6.70–7.16 | 3.73–3.83 | 6.6 | 2.46 |
Other Rocks | Sample 882 * | Sample 880 | Sample 881 | Sample 885 + |
---|---|---|---|---|
LT serpentinized peridotite (OHM-B) a | 0.147 | 0.161 | 0.192 | 0.204 |
HT serpentinized peridotite (OHM-C) a | 0.081 | 0.095 | 0.126 | 0.139 |
Serpentinite b | 0.049 | 0.064 | 0.096 | 0.108 |
Glaucophane schist (Ph) c | 0.041 | 0.056 | 0.087 | 0.100 |
LT serpentinized peridotite (HPS-J) a | 0.041 | 0.055 | 0.087 | 0.099 |
Felsic blueschist d | 0.026 | 0.040 | 0.072 | 0.084 |
Epidote blueschist (Gln:Ep = 94:6) e | 0.011 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.048 |
Lawsonite blueschist (Gln:Lws = 91:9) e | 0.019 | 0.004 | 0.028 | 0.040 |
Mafic blusechist d | 0.019 | 0.004 | 0.027 | 0.039 |
Epidote blueschist (Gln:Ep = 26:74) e | 0.021 | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.037 |
HT serpentinized peridotite (HPS-I) a | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.023 | 0.035 |
Harzburgite + Melt f | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.023 | 0.035 |
Glaucophane schist (Ep) c | 0.033 | 0.019 | 0.013 | 0.025 |
Lawsonite blueschist (Gln: Lws = 75:25) e | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.012 | 0.024 |
Chlorite peridotite g | 0.044 | 0.029 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
Lawsonite blueschist h | 0.050 | 0.035 | 0.003 | 0.009 |
Harzburgite + Dunite f | 0.051 | 0.036 | 0.005 | 0.008 |
Harzburgite f | 0.053 | 0.038 | 0.007 | 0.006 |
Dunite f | 0.060 | 0.046 | 0.014 | 0.002 |
100% olivine i | 0.060 | 0.046 | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Ol 70% + OPX 20% + CPX 10% i | 0.067 | 0.052 | 0.021 | 0.008 |
Amphibole peridotite j | 0.067 | 0.052 | 0.021 | 0.008 |
Ol 50% + OPX 30% + CPX 20% i | 0.073 | 0.059 | 0.027 | 0.015 |
Dunite (NJ437-1) i | 0.080 | 0.065 | 0.003 | 0.021 |
Lherzolite k | 0.080 | 0.065 | 0.033 | 0.021 |
Dunite l | 0.080 | 0.065 | 0.033 | 0.021 |
Lherzolite m | 0.083 | 0.068 | 0.037 | 0.024 |
Spinel peridotite n | 0.089 | 0.074 | 0.043 | 0.030 |
Lherzolite (NJ437-8) i | 0.092 | 0.077 | 0.046 | 0.033 |
Dunite m | 0.092 | 0.077 | 0.046 | 0.033 |
Lawsonite eclogite o | 0.104 | 0.090 | 0.058 | 0.046 |
Garnet peridotite p | 0.105 | 0.090 | 0.059 | 0.046 |
Garnet peridotite (150-4) q | 0.110 | 0.096 | 0.064 | 0.052 |
Garnet peridotite r | 0.112 | 0.098 | 0.066 | 0.054 |
Garnet peridotite (160-9) q | 0.129 | 0.115 | 0.083 | 0.071 |
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Lee, J.; Jung, H. Lattice-Preferred Orientation and Seismic Anisotropy of Minerals in Retrograded Eclogites from Xitieshan, Northwestern China, and Implications for Seismic Reflectance of Rocks in the Subduction Zone. Minerals 2021, 11, 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040380
Lee J, Jung H. Lattice-Preferred Orientation and Seismic Anisotropy of Minerals in Retrograded Eclogites from Xitieshan, Northwestern China, and Implications for Seismic Reflectance of Rocks in the Subduction Zone. Minerals. 2021; 11(4):380. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040380
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jaeseok, and Haemyeong Jung. 2021. "Lattice-Preferred Orientation and Seismic Anisotropy of Minerals in Retrograded Eclogites from Xitieshan, Northwestern China, and Implications for Seismic Reflectance of Rocks in the Subduction Zone" Minerals 11, no. 4: 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040380