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Volume 11
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10.3390/min11060648
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Article

Rare Crucible from Medieval Karelian Hillfort: Mineralogical Fingerprints of Functional Use

by
Svetlana Y. Chazhengina
1,*,
Irina M. Summanen
2 and
Sergei A. Svetov
1
1
Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre of RAS, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
2
Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History, Karelian Research Centre of RAS, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2021, 11(6), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060648
Submission received: 19 May 2021 / Revised: 12 June 2021 / Accepted: 16 June 2021 / Published: 18 June 2021
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Abstract

A rare crucible with an unusually large volume and a pot-shaped bottom was excavated at the Tiversk hillfort (late 13–14th century—1411 AD) in the North-Western Ladoga region (Russia). ICP-MS data showed that the crucible might be attributed to local technical ceramics. Because of its specific volume and shape, which are not typical for crucibles used in non-ferrous metallurgy in medieval Karelia, earlier it had been attributed to the technical ceramics used for the cementation of iron. The present research has revealed tin bronze metal alloy along with copper sulfide minerals recorded on the crucible walls, suggesting it might have been used in non-ferrous metal working. Thermal treatment of the crucible at temperatures above 1050 °C is evidenced by the heterogeneous composition of quartz, the thermal breakdown of biotite, recorded in the temper of the ceramic fabric, and Raman spectra characteristics of hematite.
Keywords: minerals of ceramic fabric; crucible; non-ferrous metallurgy; bronze; thermal transformation; phase modifications; SEM-EDS; Raman spectroscopy; the Middle Ages; Lake Ladoga minerals of ceramic fabric; crucible; non-ferrous metallurgy; bronze; thermal transformation; phase modifications; SEM-EDS; Raman spectroscopy; the Middle Ages; Lake Ladoga

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chazhengina, S.Y.; Summanen, I.M.; Svetov, S.A. Rare Crucible from Medieval Karelian Hillfort: Mineralogical Fingerprints of Functional Use. Minerals 2021, 11, 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060648

AMA Style

Chazhengina SY, Summanen IM, Svetov SA. Rare Crucible from Medieval Karelian Hillfort: Mineralogical Fingerprints of Functional Use. Minerals. 2021; 11(6):648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060648

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chazhengina, Svetlana Y., Irina M. Summanen, and Sergei A. Svetov. 2021. "Rare Crucible from Medieval Karelian Hillfort: Mineralogical Fingerprints of Functional Use" Minerals 11, no. 6: 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060648

APA Style

Chazhengina, S. Y., Summanen, I. M., & Svetov, S. A. (2021). Rare Crucible from Medieval Karelian Hillfort: Mineralogical Fingerprints of Functional Use. Minerals, 11(6), 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060648

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