Effects of Red Mud on Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation by Rice and Chemical Changes in Rhizospheres by Rhizobox Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Soil and Red Mud Samples
2.3. Rhizobox Trial
2.4. Chemical Analysis of Plant and Soil Samples
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Root Porosity and ROL Rate of Three Rice Cultivars
3.2. Plant Growth of Rice Cultivars Differing in ROL Rate
3.3. Cadmium (Cd), Fe, and Mn Concentrations of Rice Cultivars Differing in ROL Rate
3.4. Effects of RM on Transportability of Rice Cultivars Differing in ROL Rate
3.5. Effects of RM on the Rhizosphere of Rice Cultivars Differing in ROL Rate
3.6. Fractions of Cd in Soil Zones
3.7. Mobility Factors of Cd in the Soil Zones
3.8. Correlations of Cd Concentration in the Shoots and Soil Physicochemical Variables
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step | Fractions | Extraction method |
---|---|---|
1 | exchangeable | 8 mL 1 mol·L−1 MgCl2, pH 7.0, shaking 1 h |
2 | carbonate-bound | 8 mL 1 mol·L−1 NaOAc, pH 5.0, shaking 8 h |
3 | Fe/Mn oxides-bound | 20 mL 0.04 mol·L−1 NH2OH-HCl in 25% (v/v) HOAc, 96 ± 3 °C, 4 h |
4 | organic-matter-bound | 3 mL 0.02 mol·L−1 HNO3 and 5 mL 30% H2O2, pH 2.0 with HNO3, 85 ± 2 °C, shaking 2 h; then 3 mL 30% H2O2, pH 2.0 with HNO3, 85 ± 2 °C, shaking 3 h; after cooling, 5 mL 3.2 mol·L−1 NH4OAc in 20% (v/v) HNO3, diluted to 20 mL, shaking 30 min |
5 | residual forms | digested with a HF-HC1O4 |
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Meng, X.; Yang, J.; Zheng, G.; Xia, T. Effects of Red Mud on Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation by Rice and Chemical Changes in Rhizospheres by Rhizobox Method. Minerals 2022, 12, 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080929
Meng X, Yang J, Zheng G, Xia T. Effects of Red Mud on Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation by Rice and Chemical Changes in Rhizospheres by Rhizobox Method. Minerals. 2022; 12(8):929. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080929
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Xiaofei, Junxing Yang, Guodi Zheng, and Tianxiang Xia. 2022. "Effects of Red Mud on Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation by Rice and Chemical Changes in Rhizospheres by Rhizobox Method" Minerals 12, no. 8: 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080929