Mapping Abandoned Uranium Mine Features Using Worldview-3 Imagery in Portions of Karnes, Atascosa and Live Oak Counties, Texas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area: Location, Geology, Soils, Vegetation, Land-Use and Land-Cover
3. Image Calibration, Pre-Processing, Spectral Analysis and Classification Methods
4. Results
4.1. Compositional Identification of Spectral Endmembers
4.2. SAM Initial Classification Results, Class Reduction and Accuracy Assessment
4.3. Detailed Mapping Results: Wright-McCrady, Spoonamore and Garbysch-Thane Example Mine Sites
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Endmember Class # | Spectral Match Angle (Radians) | Spectral Match (Geologic Sample) | 1-Micron MICA Match | 2-Micron MICA Match |
---|---|---|---|---|
33 | 0.058535 | bargmann-1 | goethite.thincoat.singlefeat | montmorillonite_Na_highfit |
25 | 0.066616 | |||
19 | 0.068115 | |||
48 | 0.090795 | |||
43 | 0.045664 | bargmann-2 | goethite.thincoat.singlefeat | kaolin.5+smectite.5 |
34 | 0.070265 | |||
45 | 0.089269 | |||
35 | 0.069281 | spoonamore-4 | lignite (nanohematite.singlefeat false positive) | montmorillonite_Na |
36 | 0.074693 | |||
41 | 0.079308 | |||
49 | 0.080826 | |||
24 | 0.077495 | spoonamore-5 | goethite.thincoat.singlefeat | montmorillonite_Na_highfit |
5 | 0.085778 | |||
39 | 0.092893 | |||
29 | 0.088401 | spoonamore-6 | Unclassified | montmorillonite_Na |
13 | 0.058144 | spoonamore-7 | goethite.thincoat.singlefeat | montmorillonite_Ca |
55 | 0.090287 | |||
37 | 0.065497 | spoonamore-9 | lignite (hematite.finegr.fe2602 false positive) | Unclassified |
30 | 0.085383 | |||
52 | 0.096045 | |||
54 | 0.073947 | spoonamore-10 | lignite (nanohematite.singlefeat false positive) | Unclassified |
40 | 0.07803 | |||
58 | 0.079606 | |||
11 | 0.08331 | |||
50 | 0.085465 | |||
44 | 0.053086 | spoonamore-12 | Unclassified | montmorillonite_Na |
23 | 0.076721 | |||
1 | 0.084202 | spoonamore-13 | lignite (nanohematite.singlefeat false positive) | montmorillonite_Na |
28 | 0.044385 | spoonamore-14 | Unclassified | montmorillonite_Na |
57 | 0.052872 | spoonamore-27 | Unclassified | chalcedony |
22 | 0.069876 | |||
14 | 0.081956 | spoonamore-38 | Fe3+_type_1b (Acid_Mine_Dr Assemb1) | montmorillonite_Na_highfit |
12 | 0.033884 | winerich-5 | goethite.thincoat.singlefeat | montmorillonite_Na |
17 | 0.035235 | |||
42 | 0.06012 | |||
27 | 0.036447 | winerich-8 | Unclassified | calcite.8+montmorillonite_Ca.2 |
Endmember Class # | WV3 rbd-1210 nm (Zeolite/Uranium Minerals Index) | Spectral Match (Geologic Sample) | Hyperspectral rbd-1157 nm (Heulandite/Clinoptilolite) |
---|---|---|---|
21 | 2.478887 | unmatched | N/A |
32 | 2.344082 | unmatched | N/A |
20 | 2.186793 | unmatched | N/A |
15 | 2.150885 | unmatched | N/A |
2 | 2.147810 | unmatched | N/A |
29 | 2.103521 | spoonamore-6 | 2.017605 |
8 | 2.053413 | unmatched | N/A |
55 | 2.047738 | spoonamore-7 | 2.004085 |
5 | 2.044193 | spoonamore-5 | 2.028697 |
23 | 2.036904 | spoonamore-12 | 2.035804 |
50 | 2.027945 | spoonamore-10 | 2.012043 |
56 | 2.012584 | unmatched | N/A |
47 | 2.010877 | unmatched | N/A |
31 | 2.006367 | unmatched | N/A |
58 EMs Full WV3 Scene | 58 EMs Bare/Partially Fallow Fields | 58 EMs Oil/Gas Drill Pads | 58 EMs Bedrock/Mine /Quarry Features | 23 Reduced EMs Full WV3 Scene | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class # | % Mapped | Class # | % Mapped | Class # | % Mapped | Class # | % Mapped | Class # | % Mapped |
35 | 17.57 | 54 | 29.95 | 13 | 42.08 | 35 | 16.79 | 35 | 25.04 |
54 | 13.25 | 11 | 14.22 | 57 | 20.62 | 26 | 14.59 | 54 | 23.30 |
26 | 11.36 | 35 | 13.00 | 44 | 12.28 | 53 | 12.84 | 37 | 10.43 |
53 | 7.54 | 37 | 8.43 | 28 | 7.98 | 57 | 8.15 | 14 | 6.85 |
11 | 5.77 | 43 | 6.13 | 27 | 6.54 | 14 | 6.74 | 13 | 5.82 |
37 | 5.60 | 26 | 5.59 | 19 | 2.34 | 37 | 4.52 | 25 | 5.30 |
13 | 4.96 | 58 | 5.57 | 17 | 2.10 | 13 | 4.03 | 57 | 4.66 |
58 | 4.05 | 40 | 4.67 | 16 | 0.99 | 36 | 2.86 | 43 | 3.33 |
25 | 3.81 | 50 | 2.60 | 37 | 0.60 | 5 | 2.67 | 44 | 2.99 |
57 | 3.57 | 56 | 2.48 | 36 | 0.56 | 19 | 2.61 | 56 | 2.66 |
43 | 2.72 | 25 | 2.40 | 30 | 0.39 | 58 | 2.47 | 1 | 2.50 |
40 | 2.17 | 45 | 1.49 | 29 | 0.33 | 25 | 1.97 | 28 | 1.43 |
44 | 1.96 | 48 | 0.72 | 43 | 0.27 | 54 | 1.79 | 5 | 1.24 |
28 | 1.21 | 12 | 0.59 | 52 | 0.26 | 48 | 1.37 | 12 | 1.21 |
56 | 1.16 | 10 | 0.37 | 31 | 0.24 | 28 | 1.28 | 51 | 0.98 |
14 | 1.14 | 53 | 0.33 | 54 | 0.21 | 33 | 1.15 | 27 | 0.87 |
50 | 1.05 | 51 | 0.25 | 12 | 0.20 | 44 | 1.14 | 29 | 0.65 |
48 | 0.94 | 19 | 0.22 | 26 | 0.20 | 42 | 1.08 | 20 | 0.61 |
27 | 0.74 | 42 | 0.20 | 42 | 0.19 | 20 | 1.00 | 32 | 0.10 |
33 | 0.69 | 1 | 0.15 | 14 | 0.18 | 49 | 0.83 | 2 | 0.02 |
19 | 0.66 | 49 | 0.12 | 53 | 0.15 | 17 | 0.83 | 15 | 0.01 |
45 | 0.63 | 36 | 0.12 | 5 | 0.15 | 29 | 0.80 | 21 | 0.01 |
5 | 0.60 | 9 | 0.09 | 25 | 0.15 | 39 | 0.75 | 3 | 0.00 |
Occurrrence or Mine Name | LAT | LONG | COUNTY | OCCTYPE | OPTYPE | WV3 Mapped Classes Using Full 58 Endmembers | WV3 Mapped Classes Using Reduced 23 Endmembers | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BOSO-HACKNEY 2 | 28.8665 | −98.1473 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 53, 5, 14 | 14, 5 | Mostly reclaimed |
BUTLER PIT/BUTLER RANCH | 28.8587 | −98.1157 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | N.A. | N.A. | Fully reclaimed |
COLONEL WEDDINGTON | 28.8594 | −98.1533 | Karnes | Prospect | N.A. | 26, 51, 53, 35, 29 (plus other outliers) | 51, 35, 14, 5, 29 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
ESSE-SPOONAMOORE | 28.7332 | −98.1063 | Live Oak | Deposit | Open Pit | 53, 14, 26, 5, 35 (plus other outliers) | 14, 5, 35, 44, 20 (plus other outliers) | Partially reclaimed |
GARBYSCH-THANE | 28.8447 | −98.1650 | Atascosa | Deposit | Open Pit | 35, 57, 13, 53, 14, 26 (plus other outliers) | 35, 57, 14, 13, 25 (plus other outliers) | Unreclaimed |
HURT MINE | 28.7712 | −98.1984 | Atascosa | Deposit | Open Pit | 35, 54, 26, 53, 37, 43, 25 (plus other outliers) | 35, 54, 43, 37, 25, 14 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
KELLNER PIT | 28.8323 | −98.1276 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 53, 48, 9, 35 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 51, 5 (no other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
MARVIN HACKNEY | 28.8600 | −98.1506 | Karnes | Prospect | N.A. | 53, 26, 35, 33, 25 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 25, 5, 57 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
MC-CRADY MINE | 28.8252 | −98.1212 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 53, 26, 14, 35, 5, 57 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 5, 57, 51, 20 (plus other outliers) | Partially reclaimed |
PFEIL-WEIG MINE | 28.8124 | −98.1284 | Atascosa | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 53, 35, 5 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 5, 20 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
RICHARD RUDOLF | 28.7411 | −98.1486 | Live Oak | Prospect | N.A. | 53, 26, 35, 25, 57 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 25, 57, 37 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
SOILZ | 28.7636 | −98.1089 | Live Oak | Prospect | N.A. | 26, 35, 53 (plus other outliers) | 35, 14 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
TOM-RETZLOF | 28.7616 | −98.1887 | Atascosa | Deposit | Open Pit | N.A. | N.A. | Fully reclaimed |
USGS GP−252_2 | 28.8613 | −98.1507 | Karnes | Prospect | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | Fully reclaimed |
USGS GP−252_29 | 28.8407 | −98.1634 | Karnes | Prospect | N.A. | 53, 26, 35, 5 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 5, 20 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
USGS GP−252−4 | 28.8607 | −98.1252 | Karnes | Prospect | N.A. | 54, 58, 37, 11, 25, 35 (plus other outliers) | 54, 37, 1, 35, 25, 43, 56 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
W. DZUIK UL−1798 | 28.8232 | −98.1058 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 53, 35 (plus other outliers) | 35, 14, 5 (plus other outliers) | Partially to mostly reclaimed |
WEDDINGTON-NORTH | 28.842 | −98.1232 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 53, 35, 5, 48, 57, 14 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 5, 57 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
WEDDINGTON-SOUTH (CONOCO) | 28.8291 | −98.1157 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 35, 53, 24, 14, 48 (plus other outliers) | 35, 14, 5, 44, 25, 20 (plus other outliers) | Partially to mostly reclaimed |
WEDDINGTON-SUSQUEHANA | 28.8494 | −98.1198 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | N.A. | N.A. | Fully reclaimed |
WEDDINGTON-TENNECO | 28.837 | −98.1226 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | 26, 53, 5 (plus other outliers) | 14, 35, 5 (plus other outliers) | Mostly reclaimed |
WILLIE GABRISH | 28.8667 | −98.1681 | Atascosa | Prospect | N.A. | 35, 53, 26, 25, 58, 14 (plus other outliers) | 35, 25, 14, 37, 57, 1 (plus other outliers) | Unreclaimed to partially reclaimed |
WRIGHT PIT | 28.82 | −98.1228 | Karnes | Deposit | Open Pit | N.A. | N.A. | Fully reclaimed |
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Hubbard, B.E.; Gallegos, T.J.; Stengel, V. Mapping Abandoned Uranium Mine Features Using Worldview-3 Imagery in Portions of Karnes, Atascosa and Live Oak Counties, Texas. Minerals 2023, 13, 839. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070839
Hubbard BE, Gallegos TJ, Stengel V. Mapping Abandoned Uranium Mine Features Using Worldview-3 Imagery in Portions of Karnes, Atascosa and Live Oak Counties, Texas. Minerals. 2023; 13(7):839. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070839
Chicago/Turabian StyleHubbard, Bernard E., Tanya J. Gallegos, and Victoria Stengel. 2023. "Mapping Abandoned Uranium Mine Features Using Worldview-3 Imagery in Portions of Karnes, Atascosa and Live Oak Counties, Texas" Minerals 13, no. 7: 839. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070839