Triassic Thermal Pulse of TARIM Mantle Plume: Evidence from Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Nd Isotopes of the Mafic Dikes from the Halaqi Area, Xinjiang, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Geological Background
3. Petrography
4. Sampling and Analytical Methods
4.1. Whole-Rock Major and Trace Element Analyses
4.2. Sr and Nd Isotopic Ratio Measurements
4.3. Zircon U–Pb Dating
5. Results
5.1. Zircon U–Pb Geochronology
5.2. Major Element Compositions
5.3. Trace Elements
5.4. Sr–Nd Isotopic Compositions
6. Discussion
6.1. Petrogenic Age
6.2. Petrogenesis
6.3. Source Characteristics
6.4. Tectonic Significance
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- The Halaqi mafic dikes belong to the high-K calc-alkaline rock series and are characterized by an enrichment in LILEs (e.g., Sr, Th, and U) and HFSEs (e.g., Zr and Hf) and a depletion in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, and P), showing metasomatized lithospheric mantle signatures of the asthenospheric mantle in magma sources. They experienced little fractional crystallization with negligible crustal contamination. Zircon U–Pb dating suggests that the Halaqi mafic dikes were emplaced during the middle-to-late Triassic (247–201 Ma).
- (2)
- The Triassic mafic magmatism in northwest Tarim could be the product of the continuous thermal pulse of the Tarim mantle plume and be a part of the Tarim LIP. It has a source and a tectonic setting similar to those of the Tarim LIP, and both are products of the interaction between asthenospheric and lithospheric mantles in an intraplate environment.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measuring Points | Th | U | Th/U | Isotopic Ratios | Isotopic Ages (Ma) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ppm) | 207Pb/206Pb | 207Pb/235U | 206Pb/238U | 207Pb/206Pb | 207Pb/235U | 206Pb/238U | |||||||||
Ratio | 1σ | Ratio | 1σ | Ratio | 1σ | Age | 1σ | Age | 1σ | Age | 1σ | ||||
B02-5-10-02 | 199 | 451 | 0.44 | 0.056 | 0.0026 | 0.2821 | 0.012 | 0.0368 | 0.0006 | 454 | 104 | 252 | 10 | 233 | 3 |
B02-5-10-06 | 301 | 395 | 0.76 | 0.0542 | 0.0023 | 0.284 | 0.012 | 0.0376 | 0.0005 | 389 | 94 | 254 | 9 | 238 | 3 |
B02-5-10-07 | 143 | 393 | 0.36 | 0.0498 | 0.002 | 0.2803 | 0.0115 | 0.0403 | 0.0006 | 183 | 93 | 251 | 9 | 255 | 4 |
B02-5-10-10 | 83.5 | 248 | 0.34 | 0.0506 | 0.0032 | 0.2512 | 0.0153 | 0.0359 | 0.0007 | 233 | 144 | 228 | 12 | 227 | 4 |
B02-5-10-11 | 165 | 395 | 0.42 | 0.0511 | 0.0026 | 0.2671 | 0.0138 | 0.0377 | 0.0006 | 256 | 120 | 240 | 11 | 238 | 4 |
B02-5-10-16 | 790 | 734 | 1.08 | 0.0513 | 0.0019 | 0.2711 | 0.0104 | 0.0381 | 0.0005 | 254 | 87 | 244 | 8 | 241 | 3 |
B02-5-10-17 | 478 | 1080 | 0.44 | 0.0495 | 0.0015 | 0.2859 | 0.009 | 0.0414 | 0.0005 | 172 | 69 | 255 | 7 | 261 | 3 |
B02-5-10-18 | 497 | 497 | 1 | 0.0528 | 0.002 | 0.3031 | 0.0121 | 0.0413 | 0.0005 | 320 | 87 | 269 | 9 | 261 | 3 |
B02-5-10-19 | 318 | 952 | 0.33 | 0.0493 | 0.0014 | 0.2628 | 0.0077 | 0.0384 | 0.0005 | 161 | 69 | 237 | 6 | 243 | 3 |
B02-5-10-12 | 268 | 387 | 0.69 | 0.0502 | 0.0019 | 0.3761 | 0.0149 | 0.0537 | 0.0008 | 206 | 89 | 324 | 11 | 337 | 5 |
B02-5-10-13 | 269 | 355 | 0.76 | 0.0476 | 0.0022 | 0.3111 | 0.0151 | 0.0468 | 0.0008 | 79.7 | 107.4 | 275 | 12 | 295 | 5 |
B02-5-10-15 | 157 | 575 | 0.27 | 0.0495 | 0.002 | 0.2787 | 0.0112 | 0.0404 | 0.0005 | 169 | 93 | 250 | 9 | 256 | 3 |
B02-5-10-09 | 430 | 262 | 1.64 | 0.0524 | 0.0028 | 0.3343 | 0.0178 | 0.0462 | 0.0008 | 302 | 122 | 293 | 14 | 291 | 5 |
B02-5-10-08 | 150 | 554 | 0.27 | 0.0568 | 0.0024 | 0.3345 | 0.0143 | 0.0428 | 0.0006 | 483 | 94 | 293 | 11 | 270 | 4 |
B02-5-10-05 | 203 | 256 | 0.79 | 0.055 | 0.0141 | 0.3108 | 0.1788 | 0.0441 | 0.0035 | 413 | 488.8 | 275 | 14 | 279 | 2 |
B02-5-10-04 | 285 | 573 | 0.5 | 0.0529 | 0.0021 | 0.3001 | 0.0119 | 0.041 | 0.0006 | 324 | 93 | 267 | 9 | 259 | 4 |
B02-5-10-03 | 71.6 | 148 | 0.48 | 0.0499 | 0.0049 | 0.2471 | 0.0219 | 0.0369 | 0.0008 | 191 | 215 | 224 | 18 | 233 | 5 |
B02-5-10-01 | 149 | 441 | 0.34 | 0.0511 | 0.0023 | 0.2766 | 0.0121 | 0.0393 | 0.0006 | 243 | 73 | 248 | 10 | 249 | 4 |
Sample Number | P56-19-1 | P56-19-2 | P56-19-3 | P56-19-4 | P56-19-5 | P56-19-6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 (%) | 45.74 | 47.26 | 47.19 | 46.73 | 46.77 | 50.31 |
TiO2 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 1.11 |
Al2O3 | 14.11 | 14.18 | 14.43 | 14.8 | 13.72 | 13.28 |
Fe2O3 | 12.3 | 12.34 | 12.07 | 12.16 | 13.1 | 11.05 |
FeO | 5.8 | 6.75 | 5.98 | 5.75 | 7.4 | 6.53 |
MnO | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.14 |
MgO | 7.86 | 8.86 | 7.94 | 7.58 | 10.32 | 7.9 |
CaO | 12.39 | 8.12 | 8.77 | 10.26 | 7.19 | 8.71 |
Na2O | 2.97 | 3.91 | 4.5 | 3.65 | 3.85 | 3.58 |
K2O | 0.24 | 0.63 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.56 |
P2O5 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.14 |
Loss on ignition | 2.72 | 3.06 | 2.94 | 2.84 | 2.88 | 3.10 |
Total amount | 99.82 | 99.86 | 99.8 | 99.86 | 99.87 | 99.88 |
Na2O + K2O | 3.21 | 4.54 | 4.90 | 3.90 | 4.36 | 4.14 |
K2O/Na2O | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
CaO/Al2O3 | 0.88 | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.66 |
Mg# | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
FeOT | 16.87 | 17.86 | 16.84 | 16.69 | 19.19 | 16.48 |
La (ppm) | 12.7 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 16.3 |
Ce | 25.1 | 28.3 | 30.1 | 27.1 | 30 | 30.5 |
Pr | 3.31 | 3.6 | 3.88 | 3.43 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
Nd | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.3 | 15 | 16.9 | 16.5 |
Sm | 3.1 | 3.29 | 3.49 | 3.23 | 3.67 | 3.53 |
Eu | 1.18 | 1.2 | 1.22 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.28 |
Gd | 3.12 | 3.34 | 3.58 | 3.31 | 3.75 | 3.66 |
Tb | 0.706 | 0.745 | 0.79 | 0.749 | 0.84 | 0.817 |
Dy | 3.73 | 3.85 | 4.07 | 3.88 | 4.26 | 4.15 |
Ho | 0.722 | 0.741 | 0.788 | 0.749 | 0.816 | 0.794 |
Er | 2.07 | 2.11 | 2.27 | 2.16 | 2.41 | 2.32 |
Tm | 0.324 | 0.333 | 0.362 | 0.341 | 0.372 | 0.367 |
Yb | 2.12 | 2.17 | 2.32 | 2.19 | 2.42 | 2.37 |
Lu | 0.321 | 0.328 | 0.355 | 0.335 | 0.369 | 0.362 |
Y | 18.4 | 19.2 | 20.2 | 19.5 | 20.9 | 19.9 |
Sc | 28.4 | 32.6 | 29.6 | 30 | 28.4 | 31.8 |
V | 242 | 244 | 235 | 247 | 215 | 219 |
Co | 47.7 | 59.5 | 54.9 | 49.1 | 63.2 | 54.5 |
Ni | 160 | 202 | 166 | 146 | 269 | 194 |
Cu | 48.5 | 53.7 | 124 | 164 | 58.7 | 41.7 |
Zn | 56.7 | 81.5 | 65.1 | 61.9 | 98.7 | 67.8 |
Ga | 20 | 19.8 | 20.3 | 20.6 | 19.1 | 19.6 |
Rb | 3.17 | 8.7 | 5.07 | 3.04 | 10.1 | 6.93 |
Sr | 800 | 360 | 536 | 707 | 245 | 458 |
Zr | 155 | 156 | 170 | 157 | 168 | 170 |
Nb | 8.01 | 8.44 | 9.09 | 8.48 | 9.27 | 9.2 |
Cs | 0.087 | 0.068 | 0.054 | 0.049 | 0.085 | 0.063 |
Ba | 52.6 | 148 | 107 | 58.8 | 137 | 98.7 |
Hf | 3.39 | 3.55 | 3.88 | 3.59 | 3.86 | 3.9 |
Ta | 0.355 | 0.358 | 0.387 | 0.347 | 0.411 | 0.387 |
Pb | 2.33 | 2.03 | 1.59 | 2.05 | 1.88 | 1.92 |
Th | 2.51 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.61 | 2.74 | 2.84 |
U | 0.823 | 0.932 | 0.855 | 0.769 | 0.817 | 1.12 |
ΣREE | 72.80 | 80.11 | 85.33 | 77.64 | 86.68 | 86.85 |
LREE | 59.69 | 66.49 | 70.79 | 63.92 | 71.44 | 72.01 |
HREE | 13.11 | 13.62 | 14.54 | 13.72 | 15.24 | 14.84 |
LREE/HREE | 4.55 | 4.88 | 4.87 | 4.66 | 4.69 | 4.85 |
LaN/YbN | 4.30 | 4.93 | 4.89 | 4.55 | 4.65 | 4.93 |
δEu | 1.15 | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.17 | 1.05 | 1.08 |
δCe | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.91 |
Sample Number | P56-19-1 | P56-19-2 | P56-19-3 | P56-19-5 | P56-19-6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rb (ppm) | 24.6 | 1.84 | 1.16 | 5.85 | 1.43 |
Sr (ppm) | 96.4 | 147 | 86.4 | 328 | 136 |
87Rb/86Sr | 0.7402 | 0.0362 | 0.0389 | 0.0516 | 0.0303 |
87Sr/86Sr | 0.707702 | 0.70738 | 0.707628 | 0.706511 | 0.706884 |
(87Sr/86Sr)i | 0.70491 | 0.70724 | 0.70748 | 0.70632 | 0.70677 |
εSr(t) | 10.3 | 43.4 | 46.8 | 30.2 | 33.8 |
Sm (ppm) | 3.25 | 2.73 | 3.04 | 4.03 | 3.25 |
Nd (ppm) | 14.2 | 12.1 | 14.7 | 17.6 | 14.5 |
147Sm/144Nd | 0.138 | 0.1361 | 0.1251 | 0.1383 | 0.1352 |
143Nd/144Nd | 0.512478 | 0.512522 | 0.512432 | 0.512475 | 0.512481 |
(143Nd/144Nd)i | 0.512239 | 0.512286 | 0.512215 | 0.512235 | 0.512246 |
εNd(t) | −1.1 | −0.2 | −1.6 | −1.2 | −1.0 |
fSm/Nd | −0.30 | −0.31 | −0.36 | −0.30 | −0.31 |
TDM (Ma) | 1355 | 1236 | 1237 | 1367 | 1301 |
T2DM (Ma) | 1128 | 1053 | 1165 | 1133 | 1115 |
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Sun, J.; Liang, T.; Liu, X.; Zhang, X.; Liu, B.; Quan, G. Triassic Thermal Pulse of TARIM Mantle Plume: Evidence from Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Nd Isotopes of the Mafic Dikes from the Halaqi Area, Xinjiang, China. Minerals 2024, 14, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030283
Sun J, Liang T, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu B, Quan G. Triassic Thermal Pulse of TARIM Mantle Plume: Evidence from Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Nd Isotopes of the Mafic Dikes from the Halaqi Area, Xinjiang, China. Minerals. 2024; 14(3):283. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030283
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Jungang, Ting Liang, Xiaohuang Liu, Xiong Zhang, Bei Liu, and Guorong Quan. 2024. "Triassic Thermal Pulse of TARIM Mantle Plume: Evidence from Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Nd Isotopes of the Mafic Dikes from the Halaqi Area, Xinjiang, China" Minerals 14, no. 3: 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030283