Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Mechanisms of Porphyry Copper Deposits in a Collisional Setting: A Case from an Oligocene Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit in Western Yangtze Craton, SW China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
2.1. Regional Geology
2.2. Deposit Geology
3. Sampling and Analytical Methods
3.1. Sampling
3.2. Analytical Methods
4. Results
4.1. Petrography
4.2. Zircon U–Pb Ages
4.3. Whole-Rock Geochemistry
4.4. Zircon Lu–Hf Isotopic Data
5. Discussion
5.1. Igneous Age
5.2. Petrogenesis
5.3. Geodynamic Mechanism
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- mplacement of the Xifanping Cu (Au) deposit is a significant magmatic-metallogenic event in the western Yangtze craton. Zircon U–Pb dating yields precise emplacement ages of 31.87 ± 0.41 Ma and 32.24 ± 0.61 Ma for ore-bearing quartz monzonite porphyry intrusions and 254.9 ± 5.1 Ma for inherited zircons. We infer that the formation of ore-forming porphyry intrusions was derived from Indosinian magmatism in the Late Permian and mainly formed in the Himalayan magmatism in the Oligocene. The combined effect of the two periods of magmatism formed the unique Xifanping porphyry deposit.
- (2)
- High-K calc–alkaline to shoshonite and peraluminous series characterizes the Xifanping ore-bearing monzonite porphyry. This series is relatively enriched in light over heavy REEs, without distinct Eu anomalies. The series is poor in HFSEs, rich in LILEs, and has adakitic affinities. The data range of zircon εHf(t) is between −2.94 and +3.68 (average −0.47). Crustal model (TDM2) ages range from 0.88 to 1.30 Ga. The inherited zircons have positive values of εHf(t) between +1.83 and +7.98 (average +5.82), and the crustal model (TDM2) ages are between 0.77 and 1.17 Ga. Potential sources of the porphyry magma at the Xifanping deposit include the Neoproterozoic and Late Permian thickened juvenile lower crust materials of the early magmatic arc.
- (3)
- Two periods of magmatic activities characterize the Xifanping deposit. Paleo-Tethys oceanic subduction generated early magmas during the Late Permian. The subsequent porphyry magma was likely formed by the remelting of previously subduction-modified arc lithosphere, triggered by a continental collision between the Indian and Asian plates in the Cenozoic. The deep magmas and late hydrothermal fluids took advantage of the early magma transport channels along tectonically weak zones during the transition from extrusive to extensional-tensional tectonic environment. Remelted and assimilated early magmatic intrusive dikes contributed to the two age ranges observed in the porphyry intrusions of the Xifanping deposit.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, M.; Li, X.; Chi, G.; Song, H.; Xu, Z.; Zhao, F. Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Mechanisms of Porphyry Copper Deposits in a Collisional Setting: A Case from an Oligocene Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit in Western Yangtze Craton, SW China. Minerals 2024, 14, 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090874
Yang M, Li X, Chi G, Song H, Xu Z, Zhao F. Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Mechanisms of Porphyry Copper Deposits in a Collisional Setting: A Case from an Oligocene Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit in Western Yangtze Craton, SW China. Minerals. 2024; 14(9):874. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090874
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Mimi, Xingyuan Li, Guoxiang Chi, Hao Song, Zhengqi Xu, and Fufeng Zhao. 2024. "Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Mechanisms of Porphyry Copper Deposits in a Collisional Setting: A Case from an Oligocene Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit in Western Yangtze Craton, SW China" Minerals 14, no. 9: 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090874