Towards a Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE): How to Systematically Evaluate and Reclaim Waste Energy in Manufacturing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Adapted PRISMA Approach for a Systematic Literature Review
2.2. Applied Design Science Research for the Development of a Structured Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE)
3. The Energy Conversion Overview (ECO) Table
From/to ↱ | Chemical (C) | Thermal (T) | Mechanical (M) | Electrical (E) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chemical (C) | Not applicable | Combustion reaction | Internal combustion engine | Fuel cell |
Efficiency: | 51% to 99% 3 | 11% to 37% 8 | 70% to 100% 11 | |
Thermal (T) | Endothermic process | Heat exchanger | Not applicable | Thermoelectric cooling |
Efficiency: | 19% to 90% 1 | 15% up to 95% 4 | 25% to 90% 12 | |
Mechanical (M) | Not applicable | Friction | Gears | Generator |
Efficiency: | 35% to 45% 5 | 81% to 99% 9 | 60% to 92% 13 | |
Electrical (E) | Electrolysis | Resistance heating | Electric motor | Electric transformer |
Efficiency: | 60% to 95% 2 | 98.5% to 100% 6 | 70% to 96% 10 | 96% to 99.75% 14 |
Electro- magnetic (EM) | Not applicable | Solar absorption | Not applicable | Photovoltaic cells |
Efficiency: | 50% to 96% 7 | 20% to 49% 15 |
4. The Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE)
4.1. Identify
4.2. Assess
4.3. Harness
4.4. Reuse
4.5. Validate
5. Application of the IRRE Framework in Large-Aircraft Carbon Fiber Manufacturing
5.1. Identify
5.2. Assess
5.2.1. Quantify
5.2.2. Reclaim
5.3. Harness
5.3.1. Collect
5.3.2. Recommission
5.4. Reuse
5.5. Validate
6. Discussion
7. Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Definition | Unit |
---|---|---|
PV | Present value | [€] |
t | Period | unitless |
Φ(t) | Residual energy emission power per period | [W] |
ηtrans/store/convert | Efficiency of transmission, storage, and conversion system | [%] |
i, j, k | Individual transmission, storage, and conversion system | unitless |
n, m, o | Number of transmission, storage, and conversion systems | unitless |
pt | Principal energy price per unit per period | [€/Ws] |
Ct | Recurring and non-recurring cost of energyreclamation implementation and operation per period | [€] |
q | Number of periods per year | unitless |
rannual | Annual internal interest rate | [%] |
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Eckhoff, J.; Adomat, V.; Kober, C.; Fette, M.; Weidner, R.; Wulfsberg, J.P. Towards a Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE): How to Systematically Evaluate and Reclaim Waste Energy in Manufacturing. Machines 2024, 12, 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12090594
Eckhoff J, Adomat V, Kober C, Fette M, Weidner R, Wulfsberg JP. Towards a Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE): How to Systematically Evaluate and Reclaim Waste Energy in Manufacturing. Machines. 2024; 12(9):594. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12090594
Chicago/Turabian StyleEckhoff, Jannis, Vincent Adomat, Christian Kober, Marc Fette, Robert Weidner, and Jens P. Wulfsberg. 2024. "Towards a Framework for the Industrial Recommissioning of Residual Energy (IRRE): How to Systematically Evaluate and Reclaim Waste Energy in Manufacturing" Machines 12, no. 9: 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12090594