Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Preparation of SPLP
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Animals
2.4. Collection of Blood Samples and Biochemical Analysis from Plasma
2.5. Luminol-Enhanced Chemiluminescence Counts
2.6. FeCl3-Induced Acute Arterial Thrombosis
2.7. Western Blot
2.8. Plasma Lipoprotein Isolation and Cholesterol Amount Assay
2.9. Hepatic Cholesterol and Triglyceride Measurement
2.10. Fecal Cholesterol Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group Ingredients | A | B | C | D | E | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Casein | 20% | 20% | 20% | 19.50% | 19.00% | 19.00% |
Corn | 37.25% | 37.15% | 37.05% | 36.22% | 35.29% | 35.29% |
Starch | 20% | 20% | 20% | 19.50% | 19.00% | 19.00% |
Sucrose | 6.84% | 6.84% | 6.84% | 6.67% | 6.50% | 6.50% |
Pig oil | 3.16% | 3.16% | 3.16% | 3.08% | 3.00% | 3.00% |
Bean oil | 1.25% | 1.25% | 1.25% | 1.22% | 1.19% | 1.19% |
Vitamins | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.41% | 3.33% | 3.33% |
Minerals | 5% | 5% | 5% | 4.88% | 4.75% | 4.75% |
Cellulose | 3% | 3% | 3% | 2.93% | 2.85% | 2.85% |
Cholesterol | 0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
SPLP | 0% | 0% | 0% | 2.5% | 5% | 5% |
Weight Gain (gm) | Feed Intake (gm) | Feed Efficiency ** (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
A | 36 ± 4 | 322 ± 30 | 11 ± 1 |
B | 31 ± 5 | 301 ± 29 | 10 ± 1 |
C | 38 ± 6 | 354 ± 38 | 10 ± 1 |
D | 25 ± 5 | 281 ± 27 | 10 ± 1 |
E | 30 ± 4 | 307 ± 34 | 10 ± 1 |
F | 30 ± 3 | 330 ± 35 | 9 ± 1 |
Total-C | VLDL-C | LDL-C | HDL-C | AI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 85.88 ± 0.97 d | 12.36 ± 2.37 c | 19.02 ± 2.03 bc | 47.25 ± 5.04 a | 0.40 ± 0.08 b |
B | 112.79 ± 10.46 b | 31.11 ± 15.22 a | 27.56 ± 54.21 bc | 42.75 ± 17.40 a | 0.64 ± 0.24 ab |
C | 130.82 ± 5.18 a | 18.70 ± 2.62 bc | 32.46 ± 3.74 a | 47.11 ± 6.12 a | 0.69 ± 0.09 a |
D | 95.30 ± 8.91 c | 11.36 ± 4.14 c | 19.44 ± 5.99 c | 53.15 ± 4.72 a | 0.36 ± 0.07 b |
E | 89.55 ± 2.37 cd | 11.82 ± 6.25 c | 14.14 ± 3.26 bc | 55.02 ± 7.89 a | 0.25 ± 0.12 ab |
F | 108.29 ± 8.59 b | 23.99 ± 10.99 ab | 22.61 ± 8.16 b | 54.82 ± 10.71 a | 0.41 ± 0.18 ab |
Liver Total Cholesterol (mg/g) | Liver Triglycerol (mg/g) | Fecal Cholesterol (mg/day) | |
---|---|---|---|
A | 8.32 ± 1.85 c | 0.48 ± 0.05 a | 5.67 ± 0.68 d |
B | 15.00 ± 3.04 bc | 0.52 ± 0.07 a | 6.13 ± 1.67 d |
C | 23.01 ± 1.72 a | 0.53 ± 0.09 a | 7.61 ± 0.28 d |
D | 10.63 ± 2.97 bc | 0.57 ± 0.03 a | 10.26 ± 1.57 c |
E | 10.19 ± 2.17 bc | 0.52 ± 0.06 a | 17.69 ± 3.35 b |
F | 15.22 ± 2.98 b | 0.49 ± 0.76 a | 21.10 ± 1.86 a |
Carotid Blood Flow (mL/min) | Time to Occlusion (Second) | Luminol ROS CL (Counts/10 s) | Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.84 ± 0.26 a | 516 ± 128 b | 491 ± 25 cb | 95 ± 8 a |
B | 0.42 ± 0.47 a | 470 ± 125 b | 644 ± 25 b | 97 ± 13 a |
C | 0.39 ± 0.25 a | 455 ± 101 b | 1224 ± 210 a | 103 ± 6 a |
D | 0.45 ± 0.08 a | 617 ± 151 b | 259 ± 21 c | 100 ± 8 a |
E | 0.51 ± 0.19 a | 1935 ± 585 a | 71 ± 8 d | 104 ± 21 a |
F | 0.54 ± 0.49 a | 2018 ± 717 a | 83 ± 17 d | 96 ± 15 a |
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Chang, H.-H.; Lan, Y.-C.; Chung, S.-D.; Chien, C.-T. Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet. Life 2021, 11, 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080802
Chang H-H, Lan Y-C, Chung S-D, Chien C-T. Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet. Life. 2021; 11(8):802. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080802
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Hao-Hsiang, Yi-Chan Lan, Shiu-Dong Chung, and Chiang-Ting Chien. 2021. "Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet" Life 11, no. 8: 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080802
APA StyleChang, H. -H., Lan, Y. -C., Chung, S. -D., & Chien, C. -T. (2021). Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet. Life, 11(8), 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080802