Journal Description
Life
Life
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of scientific studies related to fundamental themes in life sciences, from basic to applied research, published monthly online by MDPI. The Astrobiology Society of Britain (ASB) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Life and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Biology) / CiteScore - Q1 (Paleontology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Life.
- Companion journals for Life include: Physiologia and Hydrobiology.
Impact Factor:
3.2 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
Characteristics, Relationships, and Anatomical Basis of Leaf Hydraulic Traits and Economic Traits in Temperate Desert Shrub Species
Life 2024, 14(7), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070834 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Shrubs are a key component of desert ecosystems, playing a crucial role in controlling desertification and promoting revegetation, yet their growth is often impeded by drought. Leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits are both involved in the process of water exchange for carbon
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Shrubs are a key component of desert ecosystems, playing a crucial role in controlling desertification and promoting revegetation, yet their growth is often impeded by drought. Leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits are both involved in the process of water exchange for carbon dioxide. Exploring the characteristics, relationships, and anatomical basis of these two suites of traits is crucial to understanding the mechanism of desert shrubs adapting to the desert arid environment. However, the relationship between these two sets of traits currently remains ambiguous. This study explored the leaf hydraulic, economic, and anatomical traits of 19 desert shrub species. The key findings include the following: Relatively larger LT values and smaller SLA values were observed in desert shrubs, aligning with the “slow strategy” in the leaf economics spectrum. The relatively high P50leaf, low HSMleaf, negative TLPleaf, and positive HSMtlp values indicated that severe embolism occurs in the leaves during the dry season, while most species were able to maintain normal leaf expansion. This implies a “tolerance” leaf hydraulic strategy in response to arid stress. No significant relationship was observed between P50leaf and Kmax, indicating the absence of a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and embolism resistance. Certain coupling relationships were observed between leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits, both of which were closely tied to anatomical structures. Out of all of the leaf traits, LT was the central trait of the leaf traits network. The positive correlation between C content and WPleaf and HSMleaf, as well as the positive correlation between N content and HSMtlp, suggested that the cost of leaf construction was synergistic with hydraulic safety. The negative correlation between SLA, P content, GCL, and SAI suggested a functional synergistic relationship between water use efficiency and gas exchange rate. In summary, this research revealed that the coupling relationship between leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits was one of the important physiological and ecological mechanisms of desert shrubs for adapting to desert habitats.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 2024)
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Open AccessReview
Technology and Future of Multi-Cancer Early Detection
by
Danny A. Milner, Jr. and Jochen K. Lennerz
Life 2024, 14(7), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070833 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes, yet current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for identifying early-stage cancers. Here, we explore the potential of
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Cancer remains a significant global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes, yet current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for identifying early-stage cancers. Here, we explore the potential of multi-omics approaches, which integrate genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, to enhance early cancer detection. We highlight the challenges and benefits of data integration from these diverse sources and discuss successful examples of multi-omics applications in other fields. By leveraging these advanced technologies, multi-omics can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of early cancer diagnostics, leading to better patient outcomes and more personalized cancer care. We underscore the transformative potential of multi-omics approaches in revolutionizing early cancer detection and the need for continued research and clinical integration.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Early Cancer Detection)
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Open AccessReview
Start Strong, Finish Strong: A Review of Prehabilitation in Cardiac Surgery
by
Vincent Bargnes III, Steven Davidson, Lillian Talbot, Zhaosheng Jin, Jeremy Poppers and Sergio D. Bergese
Life 2024, 14(7), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070832 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives.
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Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives. Since the initial trial of cardiac prehabilitation twenty-four years ago, new data have emerged on how to best utilize this tool for the perioperative care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review will explore recent cardiac prehabilitation investigations, provide clinical considerations for an effective cardiac prehabilitation program, and create a framework for future research studies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Surgery: Recent Advances)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
The Effect of Lumbopelvic Manipulation for Pain Reduction in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by
Long-Huei Lin, Ting-Yu Lin, Ke-Vin Chang, Wei-Ting Wu and Levent Özçakar
Life 2024, 14(7), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070831 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common etiologies of knee pain and might be relieved with lumbopelvic manipulation (LPM). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of LPM on pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Electronic databases were searched from
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Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common etiologies of knee pain and might be relieved with lumbopelvic manipulation (LPM). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of LPM on pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of LPM on PFPS. The primary outcome was the change in visual analog or numeric rating scale scores assessing pain. Ten studies comprising 346 participants were included. Significant pain reduction was noted in the LPM group (Hedges’ g = −0.706, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.197 to −0.214, p = 0.005, = 79.624%) compared with the control group. Moreover, pain relief was more pronounced when LPM was combined with other physical therapies (Hedges’ g = −0.701, 95% CI = −1.386 to −0.017, p = 0.045, = 73.537%). No adverse events were reported during the LPM. The LPM appears to be a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Clinicians should consider adding LPM to other physical therapies (e.g., quadriceps muscle strengthening) during the management of these patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Musculoskeletal Pain)
Open AccessReview
Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Human Male Gametes: Damage or Benefit
by
Tsvetomira Dimitrova, Elena Hristova and Nadya Petrova
Life 2024, 14(7), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070830 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
With the improvement of medical devices for diagnosis and radiotherapy, concerns about the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation are also growing. There is no consensus among scientists on whether they might have beneficial effects on humans in certain cases or pose
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With the improvement of medical devices for diagnosis and radiotherapy, concerns about the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation are also growing. There is no consensus among scientists on whether they might have beneficial effects on humans in certain cases or pose more risks, making the exposure unreasonable. While the damaging consequences of high-dose radiation have been known since the discovery of radioactivity, low-dose effects present a much bigger investigative challenge. They are highly specific and include radio-adaptive responses, bystander effects, and genomic instability. Current data regarding the consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation on the quality of male gametes and fertility potential are contradictory. The reports suggest two directions: indirect impact on male gametes—through spermatogenesis—or direct effects at low doses on already mature spermatozoa. Although mature gametes are used for observation in both models, they are fundamentally different, leading to varied results. Due to their unique physiological characteristics, in certain cases, exposure of spermatozoa to low-dose ionizing radiation could have positive effects. Despite the findings indicating no beneficial effects of low-dose exposure on male fertility, it is essential to research its impact on mature spermatozoa, as well.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research on Male Reproduction)
Open AccessArticle
Analysis of a Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Model in the Rat: Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research
by
Ibrahim Saliba, Manon Bachy-Razzouk, Morad Bensidhoum, Thierry Hoc, Esther Potier, Raphaël Vialle and Alexandre Hardy
Life 2024, 14(7), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070829 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential osteoarthritic alterations within the ankle using a surgically-induced chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) model. Twelve rats were assigned randomly to either the control (n = 4) or CLAI group (n = 8).
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential osteoarthritic alterations within the ankle using a surgically-induced chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) model. Twelve rats were assigned randomly to either the control (n = 4) or CLAI group (n = 8). Surgery was performed on the right ankle. Osteoarthritis was assessed through in-vivo micro-CT at 8 weeks and a clinical analysis. Macroscopic analysis, high-resolution ex-vivo micro-CT and histological examination were conducted after euthanasia at 12 weeks. Three subgroups (SG) were analyzed. SG1 comprised the operated ankles of the CLAI group (n = 8). SG2 consisted of the non-operated ankles of the CLAI group (n = 8). SG3 included both sides of the control group (n = 8). In-vivo micro-CT revealed no significant differences among the three subgroups when analyzed together (p = 0.42), and when comparing SG1 with SG2 (p = 0.23) and SG3 (p = 0.43) individually. No noticeable clinical differences were observed. After euthanasia, macroscopic analysis employing OARSI score, did not demonstrate significant differences, except between the medial tibia of SG1 and SG3 (p = 0.03), and in the total score comparison between these two subgroups (p = 0.015). Ex-vivo micro-CT did not reveal any differences between the three subgroups regarding bony irregularities and BV/TV measurements (SG1 vs. SG2 vs. SG3: p = 0.72; SG1 vs. SG2: p = 0.80; SG1 vs. SG3: p = 0.72). Finally, there was no difference between the three subgroups regarding OARSI histologic score (p = 0.27). These findings indicate that the current model failed to induce significant osteoarthritis. However, they lay the groundwork for improving the model’s effectiveness and expanding its use in CLAI research, aiming to enhance understanding of this pathology and reduce unnecessary animal sacrifice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Application of Animal Models: From Physiology to Pathology)
Open AccessSystematic Review
The Use of Ascorbic Acid in Adjunctive Treatment for Schizophrenia—Current State of Knowledge
by
Patrycja Piłat, Kamil Nikel, Joanna Smolarczyk and Magdalena Piegza
Life 2024, 14(7), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070828 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by disturbances in the perception of reality, thinking, emotions, and social functioning. This significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and leads to long-term disability. Despite advances in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment, schizophrenia remains a
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Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by disturbances in the perception of reality, thinking, emotions, and social functioning. This significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and leads to long-term disability. Despite advances in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment, schizophrenia remains a clinical challenge, especially due to the diversity of its symptoms and the complexity of its mechanisms. Schizophrenia is associated with abnormal functioning of the dopaminergic system, disturbances in glutamatergic neurotransmission, and oxidative stress in the brain. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in optimizing the treatment of mental disorders. The potential use of ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, in the therapy of schizophrenia could bring substantial benefits to patients. Ascorbic acid exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, suggesting its potential efficacy in reducing brain oxidative stress and improving neurotransmission. Additionally, there have been reports of its positive effects on psychotic symptoms and its potential in reducing the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. In this review article, we present the current state of knowledge on the potential use of ascorbic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia as an adjunct to standard pharmacological therapy. We analyze existing clinical studies and the mechanisms of action of vitamin C, suggesting its promising role as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. These insights, though not yet widely disseminated, may be significant for the further development of therapeutic strategies for this mental illness.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Implication of Psychoactive Substance Consumption)
Open AccessArticle
Predicting Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Pruritus in Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional Survey
by
Silviu-Horia Morariu, Ovidiu Simion Cotoi, Oana Mirela Tiucă, Mircea Ambros, Roxana-Ioana Ilcuș, Liuba Garaga, Ailincăi Raluca, Diana Horea, Andreea-Beatrix Bălan, Mădălina Husariu, Anca Gînj, Alexandra Țiplic, Andrea Hidi, Biborka Szabo, Radu Alexandru Stan and Alin Codruț Nicolescu
Life 2024, 14(7), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070827 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Pruritus is an important symptom among patients affected by psoriasis. To date, no general agreement has been established regarding pruritus as a measure of psoriasis severity. This study aims to assess psoriatic pruritis prevalence and characteristics using a comprehensive itch questionnaire. A semi-structured
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Pruritus is an important symptom among patients affected by psoriasis. To date, no general agreement has been established regarding pruritus as a measure of psoriasis severity. This study aims to assess psoriatic pruritis prevalence and characteristics using a comprehensive itch questionnaire. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 48 questions was applied to patients diagnosed with psoriasis and admitted to the Dermatology Department of Mures Clinical County Hospital, Romania. A total of 163 patients were enrolled, out of which 115 (70.55%) reported itch. Patients with itch had higher PASI (p = 0.003) and DLQI scores (p < 0.001). The itch was most frequently described as a crawling sensation, mainly located in the lesional skin and aggravated by stress and temperature variation. It had a moderate intensity (6.18 ± 2.46). Emollients were the treatment preferred by most patients in alleviating itch, while biologics exerted a protective effect on itch development (OR = −0.24; p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with itch intensity (r = −0.23; p < 0.0001). Advanced age, high BMI, and PASI scores were indicators of itch presence, while female gender, high PASI score, and frequent itch episodes indicate highly intense pruritus (≥7 on the VAS). A better understanding of itch and its clinical features will guide physicians toward the best treatment option and would, ultimately, benefit the patient.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Novelties in Dermatology: 2nd Edition)
Open AccessSystematic Review
Effects of Resistance Exercise with and without Blood Flow Restriction on Acute Hemodynamic Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by
Anderson Geremias Macedo, Danilo Alexandre Massini, Tiago André Freire Almeida, Luciana Maria dos Reis, Giovane Galdino, Adriana Teresa Silva Santos, Osvaldo Tadeu da Silva Júnior, Rubens Venditti Júnior and Dalton Muller Pessôa Filho
Life 2024, 14(7), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070826 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Abstract: Low-load intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an alternative method for enhancing strength and muscle mass. However, acute cardiovascular responses to a complete training session remain uncertain compared to high-load intensity resistance exercise (HI). Therefore, the objective of this
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Abstract: Low-load intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an alternative method for enhancing strength and muscle mass. However, acute cardiovascular responses to a complete training session remain uncertain compared to high-load intensity resistance exercise (HI). Therefore, the objective of this study to examine acute and post-exercise hemodynamic responses to low-load BFR and HI protocols. This systematic review and meta-analysis (RD42022308697) followed PRISMA guidelines to investigate whether the responses of heart rate (HR), blood systolic (SBP), blood diastolic pressure (DBP), and rate pressure product (RPP) immediately after and up to 60 min post-exercise from BFR were consistent with those reported after resistance exercises performed at HI in healthy individuals. Searches using PICO descriptors were conducted in databases from January 2011 to December 2023, and effect sizes were determined by Hedge’s g. The selected studies involved 160 participants in nine articles, for which the responses immediately after BFR and HI exercises showed no differences in HR (p = 0.23) or SBP (p = 0.57), but significantly higher DBP (p < 0.01) and lower RPP (p < 0.01) responses were found when comparing BFR to HI. Furthermore, the BFR and HI protocols showed no differences regarding SBP (p = 0.21) or DBP (p = 0.68) responses during a 15 to 60 min post-exercise period. Thus, these results indicated that hemodynamic responses are similar between BFR and HI, with a similar hypotensive effect up to 60 min following exercise.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field)
Open AccessArticle
Survival of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in Soil and in Corn Crop Residues under the Humid Subtropical Climate of Southern Brazil
by
Talita Vigo Longhi, Renata Rodrigues Robaina, Rui Pereira Leite, Jr. and Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
Life 2024, 14(7), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070825 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) is an emerging disease in several corn-producing regions around the world. In Brazil, there is a lack of information on the survival of this bacterium in soil and crop residues. Thus, the objective
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Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) is an emerging disease in several corn-producing regions around the world. In Brazil, there is a lack of information on the survival of this bacterium in soil and crop residues. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the survival of Xvv in soil and also in infected corn crop residues under the humid subtropical climate of southern Brazil. The survival of Xvv in soil was initially investigated in sandy and clayey soils maintained at 20, 25 and 30 °C under controlled conditions. The survival of the bacterium under field conditions was studied in artificially infested clayey soil. The survival of Xvv in corn crop residues was investigated in infected residues maintained on the soil surface or buried in the soil at 20 cm deep. Under controlled conditions, regardless of the type of soil, the bacterium survived longer at 20 °C than at higher temperatures. The bacterium survived for 40 days in clayey soil kept at 20 °C and four days in sandy soil maintained at 30 °C. Under field conditions, the survival of Xvv in the soil was only for 48 h and in infected corn crop residues for up to 15 days in the samples maintained on the soil surface. In samples of infected corn residues buried in the soil, the bacterium was only detected at the time the experiment was set up. In general, the results obtained in this study revealed that Xvv survives for a short period of time in soil and in infected corn crop residues under humid subtropical conditions. Therefore, soil and corn residues may not be highly important sources of primary inoculum for the development of bacterial leaf streak on corn crops under these conditions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Diseases: Interactions, Resistance, Epidemiology, and Control)
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Open AccessArticle
A Probiotic Amylase Blend Positively Impacts Gut Microbiota Modulation in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study
by
Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Mohammed Elshaer, Hilmi Al-Shakhshir, Mauricio Retuerto and Thomas S. McCormick
Life 2024, 14(7), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070824 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine if ingesting a blend of probiotics plus amylase would alter the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in subjects consuming the blend over a 6-week period. 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on
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The present study was performed to determine if ingesting a blend of probiotics plus amylase would alter the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in subjects consuming the blend over a 6-week period. 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on fecal samples provided by subjects who participated in a clinical study where they consumed either a probiotic amylase blend (Bifidobacterium breve 19bx, Lactobacillus acidophilus 16axg, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 18fx, and Saccharomyces boulardii 16mxg, alpha amylase (500 SKB (Alpha-amylase-Dextrinizing Units)) or a placebo consisting of rice oligodextrin. The abundance and diversity of both bacterial and fungal organisms was assessed at baseline and following 6 weeks of probiotic amylase blend or placebo consumption. In the subjects consuming the probiotic blend, the abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased 200-fold, and its prevalence increased (~20% to ~60%) (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the potential pathogens Bacillus thuringiensis and Macrococcus caseolyticus decreased more than 150- and 175-fold, respectively, after probiotic-amylase blend consumption. We also evaluated the correlation between change in microbiota and clinical features reported following probiotic amylase consumption. Nine (9) species (seven bacterial and two fungal) were significantly (negatively or positively) associated with the change in 32 clinical features that were originally evaluated in the clinical study. Oral supplementation with the probiotic-amylase blend caused a marked increase in abundance of the beneficial yeast S. cerevisiae and concomitant modulation of gut-dwelling commensal bacterial organisms, providing the proof of concept that a beneficial commensal organism can re-align the gut microbiota.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota in Health and Disease)
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Open AccessCase Report
Better 90 Minutes Late than Never: Differential Diagnosis on MRI Scanning in a Case of Hepatic Angiosarcoma
by
Teodora Anca Albu and Nicoleta Iacob
Life 2024, 14(7), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070823 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare liver malignancy with few studies describing its radiological characteristics. This article aims to assess the imaging features of each of the multiple delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, in addition to the conventional MRI protocol,
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Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare liver malignancy with few studies describing its radiological characteristics. This article aims to assess the imaging features of each of the multiple delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, in addition to the conventional MRI protocol, in a patient with PHA. Standard MRI sequences and a liver protocol were used in the examination of a 71 year-old male with pathologically proven PHA after current imaging evaluation. In addition, the patient underwent transversal and coronal MRI T1-weighted scans at 10 min, 20 min and 90 min after intravenous (IV) administration of gadobenatedimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). The PHA revealed a variable appearance on MRI, with classic imaging being insufficient in making a reliable diagnosis. Lesions have increased vascularity, which translates into increased IV contrast uptake in the MRI arterial phase, showing progressive and globular enhancement in the portal and parenchymatous phases. On delayed scans, at 10 min after IV administration, the lesions maintained no washout, but slightly began to washout at 20 min post-contrast. However, in the hepatobiliary phase (90 min post-contrast injection), on an MRI T1-weighted sequence, PHA lesions were hypointense, suggesting the absence of hepatocytes, thus indicating high-grade malignancy. This approach proved the conclusion that in a patient with PHA, an extra MRI T1-weighted scan at 90 min post-gadobenatedimeglumine injection can provide helpful information in differential diagnosis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disease)
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Open AccessReview
Understanding Active Photoprotection: DNA-Repair Enzymes and Antioxidants
by
Emilio Garcia-Mouronte, Luis Alfonso Pérez-González, Jorge Naharro-Rodriguez and Montserrat Fernández Guarino
Life 2024, 14(7), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070822 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
The detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human skin are well-documented, encompassing DNA damage, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Conventional photoprotective measures predominantly rely on filters, which scatter or absorb UV radiation, yet fail to address the cellular damage
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The detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human skin are well-documented, encompassing DNA damage, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Conventional photoprotective measures predominantly rely on filters, which scatter or absorb UV radiation, yet fail to address the cellular damage incurred post-exposure. To fill this gap, antioxidant molecules and DNA–repair enzymes have been extensively researched, offering a paradigm shift towards active photoprotection capable of both preventing and reversing UV–induced damage. In the current review, we focused on “active photoprotection”, assessing the state-of-the-art, latest advancements and scientific data from clinical trials and in vivo models concerning the use of DNA-repair enzymes and naturally occurring antioxidant molecules.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Science)
Open AccessReview
VacStent as an Innovative Approach in the Treatment of Anastomotic Insufficiencies and Leakages in the Gastrointestinal Tract—Review and Outlook
by
Alexander Yohannes, Judith Knievel, Jonas Lange, Arno J. Dormann, Ulrich Hügle, Claus F. Eisenberger and Markus M. Heiss
Life 2024, 14(7), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070821 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
Anastomotic insufficiencies are severe complications of abdominal surgery, often leading to prolonged hospitalization, serious tissue inflammation, and even sepsis, along with the need for recurrent surgery. Current non-surgical treatments such as self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) have limitations, including
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Anastomotic insufficiencies are severe complications of abdominal surgery, often leading to prolonged hospitalization, serious tissue inflammation, and even sepsis, along with the need for recurrent surgery. Current non-surgical treatments such as self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) have limitations, including stent migration or perforation. This review evaluates the effectiveness of the VacStent GITM (Möller Medical GmbH, Fulda, Germany), a novel medical device combining SEMS and negative-pressure wound therapy in treating gastrointestinal leaks. Data were gathered from four prospective studies and compared with existing treatments. Studies on the VacStent GITM application demonstrate technical success and competitive closure rates in upper gastrointestinal leaks, with minimal complications reported. Comparative analyses with SEMS and EVT reveal promising and most importantly equally good outcomes while maintaining the possibility for sustained enteral nutrition and reducing the risk of stent migration. The VacStent GITM presents a promising alternative to current non-surgical treatments. Ongoing research aims to validate its efficacy in lower gastrointestinal leaks and comprehensively establish its role in leak management. Further investigation is necessary to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols. Future usages of the VacStent GITM in colonic anastomotic insufficiencies promise an effective approach and might be able to lower the rates of necessary implementations of a stoma.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Endoscopy in the Treatment of Complications after Gastrointestinal Surgery)
Open AccessArticle
Comparative Assessment of the Addictive Potential of Synthetic Cathinones by Zebrafish Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) Paradigm
by
Liao-Chen Chen, Ming-Huan Chan and Hwei-Hsien Chen
Life 2024, 14(7), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070820 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones have gained increasing popularity in the illicit drug market, yet their abuse potential remains poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish were used to compare the addictive potential of three cathinone analogs, namely pentylone, eutylone, and N-ethylpentylone (NEP). The zebrafish received various
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Synthetic cathinones have gained increasing popularity in the illicit drug market, yet their abuse potential remains poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish were used to compare the addictive potential of three cathinone analogs, namely pentylone, eutylone, and N-ethylpentylone (NEP). The zebrafish received various doses (0 to 60 mg/kg) of the cathinone analogs by oral gavage over two sessions per day for two consecutive days to induce conditioned place preference (CPP). Pentylone, eutylone, and NEP dose-dependently induced CPP, with NEP showing significantly higher CPP than pentylone and eutylone at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The fish that received 60 mg/kg of cathinones underwent extinction, followed by reinstatement triggered by drug priming. NEP required six sessions to meet the criteria of extinction, followed by eutylone, which required four sessions, and pentylone, which required three sessions. Furthermore, NEP and eutylone at a dose of 40 mg/kg could reinstate the extinguished CPP, while 60 mg/kg of pentylone was necessary for CPP reinstatement. The persistence of susceptibility to reinstatement was also assessed at 7 and 14 days after the initial reinstatement. The CPP induced by all three cathinone analogs could be reinstated 7 days after the initial reinstatement, whereas only CPP induced by NEP, but not pentylone and eutylone, could be reinstated again after 14 days. Considering the potency to induce CPP, resistance to extinction, and the propensity for reinstatement, the abuse liability rank order of the cathinone analogs might be as follows: NEP > eutylone > pentylone. These findings suggest that the zebrafish CPP paradigm can serve as a viable model for assessing the relative abuse liability of substances.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Substance Abuse and Addiction)
Open AccessReview
Familial Resemblance of Bone Health in Maternal Lineage Pairs and Triads: A Scoping Review
by
Nicole M. J. Boisvert, Melissa R. McElroy, K. Alix Hayden and Patricia K. Doyle-Baker
Life 2024, 14(7), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070819 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Female bone health is influenced by familial resemblance, health parameters and maturational periods (puberty and menopause); this combination has been researched using familial multi-generational cross-sectional studies. Aim: This scoping review aimed to compile bone health research which uses sexually mature (grandmother–) mother–daughter
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Introduction: Female bone health is influenced by familial resemblance, health parameters and maturational periods (puberty and menopause); this combination has been researched using familial multi-generational cross-sectional studies. Aim: This scoping review aimed to compile bone health research which uses sexually mature (grandmother–) mother–daughter pairs (and triads) and to determine the trends in its methodologies and familial comparisons. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used. Extraction included study and population characteristics, methodology (with an emphasis on imaging) and family-based results. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included, and their generations were categorized into four developmental categories: late adolescent to young adult, pre-menopause, mixed-menopause, and post-menopause. Eleven different pair/triad combinations were observed; the most common was pre-menopausal daughters and post-menopausal mothers. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the most utilized imaging modality, and the hip was the most imaged region of interest (ROI). Regardless of pairing, imaging modality and ROI, there was often a trend toward significant familial resemblance and heritability (h2 and h2L). Conclusion: This scoping review highlights the trends in bone health linked to familial resemblance, as well as the importance of menopause and late adolescence. This review compiles the commonalities and challenges within these studies to inform future research.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications of Sport Physiology)
Open AccessArticle
Investigation of Sexes and Fertility Potential of Female Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and Male American Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) Hybrids
by
Katalin Bogár, Jelena Stanivuk, Aliz Géczi, Georgina Lea Fazekas, Balázs Kovács, Bence Lázár, Mariann Molnár, László Ardó, Uroš Ljubobratović, Gyula Kovács, Dániel Péter, Eszter Várkonyi and Jenő Káldy
Life 2024, 14(7), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070818 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
In the present study, 10 allotriploid (3nALT) and 10 allopentaploid (5nALP) six-month-old hybrid fish and two 3nALT and four 5nALP 40-month-old hybrid fish, which resulted by crossing female Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833) and male American paddlefish Polyodon spathula (Walbaum,
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In the present study, 10 allotriploid (3nALT) and 10 allopentaploid (5nALP) six-month-old hybrid fish and two 3nALT and four 5nALP 40-month-old hybrid fish, which resulted by crossing female Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Brandt and Ratzeberg, 1833) and male American paddlefish Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792), were investigated. It was revealed that six-month-old 3nALT and 5nALP hybrids initially had “undifferentiated” gonads, while in the 40-month-old hybrids, only testes were observed in one case of 3nALT and one case of 5nALP hybrids. The testis of 3nALT hybrids was partially developed with spermatogonia, while the testis of one 5nALP hybrid was in the second developmental stage with low spermatogonia density. We could not determine gonad differentiation in any of the cases when the hybrid individuals had the W sex chromosome. We concluded that the gonad differentiation of these interfamilial hybrids follows a similar pattern to interspecific hybrids of different ploidy parent species of the family Acipenseridae, which is consistent with the classical Haldane’s rule. However, it cannot be excluded that the testis of this/these hybrid(s) may produce fertile sperm after sexual maturity, depending on additional genetic, hormonal and environmental factors, and further research is required for its evaluation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Aquaculture and Fish Reproduction)
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of the Pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea
by
Petya K. K. Christova, Ana M. Dobreva, Anatoli G. Dzhurmanski, Ivayla N. Dincheva, Stela D. Dimkova and Nadejda G. Zapryanova
Life 2024, 14(7), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070817 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogens and, thus, be useful in the control of dangerous diseases. The application of environmentally friendly approaches to protect agricultural and forestry ecosystems from invasive
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Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogens and, thus, be useful in the control of dangerous diseases. The application of environmentally friendly approaches to protect agricultural and forestry ecosystems from invasive and hazardous species has become more significant in last decades. Therefore, the identification and characterization of essential oils with a strong inhibitory activity against aggressive and widespread pathogens are of key importance in plant protection research. The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of essential oils originating from different genotypes of bee balm, mint, and marigold on Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea. Twelve essential oils, including five EOs originating from Monarda fistulosa, one oil each from Monarda russeliana, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Tagetes patula, and Tagetes erecta, and two EOs from Tagetes tenuifolia were derived by steam or water distillation. The chemical composition of the tested EOs was determined by GS-MS analyses and their corresponding chemotypes were identified. The most effective against all three pathogens were determined to be the EOs originating from M. fistulosa and M. russeliana. B. cinerea, and P. pseudocryptogea were also significantly affected by the M. piperita essential oil. The most efficient EOs involved in this investigation and their potential to control plant pathogens are discussed.
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(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)
Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Ren et al. Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression. Life 2023, 13, 1505
by
Jianchang Ren and Haili Xiao
Life 2024, 14(7), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070816 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
There was an error in the original publication [...]
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Gender-Related Differences in Dry Eye Symptoms Following Involutional Ectropion and Entropion Surgery
by
Dolika D. Vasović, Miodrag Lj. Karamarković, Milan Jovanović, Milan Stojičić, Tanja Kalezić, Milan Colić, Nikola Musić, Milan Dragišić, Miroslav Jeremić, Dejan M. Rašić and Ivan Marjanović
Life 2024, 14(7), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070815 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
This prospective case-control study investigated gender-related differences in dry eye symptoms following surgery for involutional ectropion and entropion. A total of 109 patients, aged between 65 and 89, were categorized by eyelid condition and gender. Postoperative assessments included the Tear Film Break-Up Time
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This prospective case-control study investigated gender-related differences in dry eye symptoms following surgery for involutional ectropion and entropion. A total of 109 patients, aged between 65 and 89, were categorized by eyelid condition and gender. Postoperative assessments included the Tear Film Break-Up Time (TBUT) test, Schirmer I test results, corneal and conjunctival staining, eyelid margin characteristics, and scores from the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The analysis revealed notable gender-related differences in dry eye manifestations. Initially, men exhibited lower TBUT scores but higher Schirmer test readings compared to women; however, these disparities diminished over time. No significant gender differences were detected in corneal and conjunctival staining, indicating similar levels of ocular surface damage across genders. Males showed significantly higher values in several eyelid margin characteristics (LMI, LMT) at various postoperative time points. According to the OSDI questionnaire, women experienced more severe symptoms of dry eye both pre- and post-operatively, suggesting a greater subjective symptom burden. When comparing surgical outcomes for ectropion and entropion, both conditions showed improvement in eyelid positioning and dry eye symptoms post-surgery. Despite these improvements, women with either condition reported more severe dry eye symptoms compared to men throughout the postoperative period. This study highlights the gender-specific variations in dry eye symptoms following eyelid malformation surgery and emphasizes the importance of adopting gender-sensitive approaches in postoperative care to improve outcomes and ocular health.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery to Improve Quality of Life)
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