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Selective arterial embolization (SAE) is an established nephron-sparing option for renal angiomyolipoma (AML), but it remains unclear whether giant lesions (≥10 cm) respond less well or carry higher procedural risk. We retrospectively reviewed 40 patients treated with SAE between 2020 and 2025. Tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (300–500 µm) were the primary embolic agent; N-butyl cyanoacrylate or microcoils were added in 12 patients with acute bleeding or large aneurysms. Pre- and post-procedural values were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and giant and non-giant lesions with the Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests. Thirty-six patients (90%) were women, and 14 (35%) had giant lesions. Technical success reached 100% and clinical success 97.5% (39/40); no major complications occurred. Mean tumor diameter decreased by 13.6% (83.6 ± 47.2 vs. 72.7 ± 41.8 mm; p < 0.001), while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) did not change significantly (94.6 ± 21.6 vs. 87.7 ± 33.1 mL/min/1.73 m²; p = 0.203). Giant and non-giant lesions did not differ significantly in clinical success (92.9% vs. 100%; p > 0.999), shrinkage, or renal function (all p > 0.05). One patient with a giant, multifocal, tuberous sclerosis complex-associated lesion did not respond and underwent nephrectomy. These data suggest that tumor size alone may not preclude SAE.

Adequate debridement and assessment of disease extent are essential in Fournier’s gangrene (FG). This retrospective study evaluated the contribution of computed tomography (CT) for assessing disease extent and risk stratification in FG. Thirty-seven patients who underwent surgical debridement and preoperative CT between January 2010 and January 2021 were included and compared with the remaining 187 patients in the institutional FG database. CT images were retrospectively reassessed by an experienced radiologist blinded to clinical data. Clinical Uludağ Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index (UFGSI) scores were recalculated by replacing the clinical disease extent (assessed intraoperatively) with the radiological disease extent (assessed on CT) to obtain the radiological UFGSI. Patients with unchanged scores (group A) were compared with those whose scores increased after radiological assessment (group B) regarding clinical characteristics, the need to extend debridement margins at subsequent debridements, and outcomes. The radiological UFGSI was higher than the clinical UFGSI in 10 patients (27.0%), including two who were reclassified into the high-risk category. Extension of debridement margins at subsequent debridements was required more often in group B (80.0% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.029). Mortality was higher in group B (60.0% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.038); however, the radiological UFGSI did not discriminate in-hospital mortality significantly better than the clinical UFGSI (area under the curve 0.911 vs. 0.864; DeLong’s test, p = 0.233). No patient had less extensive involvement on CT than on clinical assessment. CT also identified abdominal extension in one patient. These findings suggest that clinical assessment may underestimate disease extent in FG. Preoperative CT may provide additional anatomical information and influence UFGSI-based risk classification; however, further studies are needed to establish whether these findings translate into improved surgical management or clinical outcomes.

Acute exercise can influence cognitive control, but whether different exercise protocols produce distinct effects on food-related cognitive processing remains unclear. This study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-to-vigorous continuous aerobic exercise (MV-CAE), and seated rest in adults with overweight or obesity. Seventeen participants completed all three conditions, contributing 51 experimental sessions in a randomized within-subject crossover design. Participants performed a food-related Flanker task involving food and furniture targets under congruent and incongruent conditions. Behavioral performance and event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes were analyzed using mixed-effects models, with ERP analyses focused on the N2 (180–230 ms), P3 (400–600 ms), and late positive potential (LPP; 700–1100 ms) time windows at Fz. The primary analyses did not identify significant intervention × target category × congruency interactions after Holm correction in the N2 (adjusted p = 0.1635), P3 (adjusted p = 0.5248), or LPP (adjusted p = 0.5248) windows. The HIIT-versus-MV-CAE planned contrast in the N2 window was 1.859 µV (95% CI [0.337, 3.381]; Holm-adjusted p = 0.1532). Behavioral accuracy remained high, with no significant overall intervention effect (χ²(2) = 0.452, p = 0.7978). RT likewise showed no significant intervention effect (p = 0.7221). Sensitivity analyses identified an LPP-related difference after excluding three prespecified high-risk sessions, suggesting that later electrophysiological responses warrant further investigation. These findings suggest potentially task-dependent electrophysiological responses to different acute exercise protocols, although the observed patterns require confirmation in larger studies with more comprehensive EEG quality control.