Small Mammal Diversity Changes in a Baltic Country, 1975–2021: A Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of the Published Material
2.2. Dataset
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Trapped Small Mammal Diversity and Species Richness in Lithuania, 1975–2021
3.2. Changes in the Proportions of Trapped Small Mammal Trophic Groups
3.3. Diversity of Small Mammals Recovered from Owl Pellets
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Trophic Group | Trapping, Ind. | Pellets, Ind. | Total, Ind. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Common shrew (Sorex araneus) | I | 5182 | 676 | 5858 |
Pygmy shrew (S. minutus) | I | 1695 | 149 | 1844 |
Water shrew (Neomys fodiens) | I | 218 | 49 | 267 |
Mediterranean water shrew (N. anomalus) | I | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) | O | 1 | 119 | 120 |
Northern birch mouse (Sicista betulina) | G | 38 | 53 | 91 |
House mouse (Mus musculus) | O | 544 | 42 | 586 |
Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) | G | 5434 | 142 | 5576 |
Yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) | G | 9079 | 1145 | 10,224 |
Wood mouse (A. sylvaticus) | G | 14 | 0 | 14 |
Pygmy field mouse (A. uralensis) | G | 218 | 1 | 219 |
Harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) | G | 582 | 36 | 618 |
Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) | O | 21 | 25 | 46 |
Black rat (R. rattus) | O | 26 | 0 | 26 |
Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) | O | 19,673 | 1703 | 21,376 |
Water vole (Arvicola amphibius) | H | 32 | 63 | 95 |
Common vole (Microtus arvalis) | H | 4782 | 725 | 5507 |
Root vole (M. oeconomus) | H | 2693 | 154 | 2847 |
Short-tailed vole (M. agrestis) | H | 1523 | 683 | 2206 |
Sibling vole (M. rossiaemeridionalis) | H | 37 | 0 | 37 |
Total, N | 51,795 | 5775 | 57,570 | |
Species, S | 20 | 16 | 20 | |
Diversity, H | 1.90 | 2.03 | 1.93 | |
Dominance, D | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.20 |
Period | Map | Trapping Purpose | Trapping Effort | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TS | TD | By Habitat | ||||
1975–1980 | IM, IPA, M, P | 6 | 16,330 | [31,32,33] | ||
1981–1990 | INPP, IPA, ODI, P | 4 | 50,250 | [34,48,49] | ||
1991–2000 | IPA, IBT, IFS, IS, SMM, M, MA, ODI | 69 | 86,165 | [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,49,50,51] | ||
2001–2010 | IFS, IPA; SMM, M, ODI, IFM, IS | 35 | 116,442 | [46,47,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63] | ||
2011–2020 | ICC, ICH, IFM, IO, P, M | 40 | 98,693 | [3,16,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,78] | ||
2021 | ICC, ICH, IO, P | 11 | 8908 | [74,75,76,77] |
Index | 1975–1980 | 1981–1990 | 1991–2000 | 2001–2010 | 2011–2020 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individuals, N | 3637 | 4729 | 16,144 | 13,854 | 12,764 | 667 |
Number of species, S | 17 (17–23) | 14 (14–15) | 18 (18–18) | 19 (19–25) | 17 (17–20) | 12 (12–15) |
Diversity, H | 1.43 a (1.39–1.46) | 1.36 b (1.33–1.40) | 1.84 c (1.82–1.86) | 1.93 d (1.91–1.94) | 1.93 d (1.91–1.94) | 1.69 e (1.63–1.75) |
Dominance, D | 0.33 a (0.32–0.34) | 0.43 b (0.41–0.44) | 0.24 c (0.23–0.24) | 0.20 d (0.20–0.20) | 0.18 e (0.18–0.18) | 0.22 c (0.21–0.24) |
Index | 1981–1990 | 1991–2000 | 2001–2009 |
---|---|---|---|
Individuals, N | 43 | 2029 | 3703 |
Number of species, S | 9 (8–12) a | 16 (16–16) b | 15 (15–15) b |
Diversity, H | 2.02 a (1.81–2.09) | 2.02 a (1.97–2.05) | 2.03 a (2.00–2.06) |
Dominance, D | 0.15 a (0.14–0.20) | 0.17 a (0.17–0.18) | 0.17 a (0.17–0.18) |
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Balčiauskas, L.; Balčiauskienė, L. Small Mammal Diversity Changes in a Baltic Country, 1975–2021: A Review. Life 2022, 12, 1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111887
Balčiauskas L, Balčiauskienė L. Small Mammal Diversity Changes in a Baltic Country, 1975–2021: A Review. Life. 2022; 12(11):1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111887
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalčiauskas, Linas, and Laima Balčiauskienė. 2022. "Small Mammal Diversity Changes in a Baltic Country, 1975–2021: A Review" Life 12, no. 11: 1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111887