Development of Native Essential Oils from Forestry Resources in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Importance of Developing the Native EO in South Korea
3. Development of Commercial EO from Forestry Resources
4. Screening the Potential Candidates of EO from Forestry Resources
4.1. EO from Pinaceae
4.2. EO from Cupressaceae
4.3. EO from Rutaceae
4.4. EO from Magnoliaceae
4.5. EO from Verbenas
5. The Two Potential Candidate Essential Oil Families for Healthy Products
6. Limitations and Prospects
7. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Choe, H. Biodiversity Conservation Planning for South Korea: Predicting Plant Biodiversity Dynamics under Climate Change and the Impacts from Forest Conversion Scenarios. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Hall, J.P. Sustainable production of forest biomass for energy. For. Chron. 2002, 78, 391–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Parikka, M. Global biomass fuel resources. Biomass Bioenergy 2004, 27, 613–620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sjöström, E.; Alén, R. Chapter 5: Extractives. In Wood Chemistry. Fundamentals and Applications; Acamedic Press: New York, NY, USA, 1993; pp. 90–108. [Google Scholar]
- Rowell, R.M. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Ricklefs, R.E. Foliage chemistry and the distribution of Lepidoptera larvae on broad-leaved trees in southern Ontario. Oecologia 2008, 157, 53–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ek, M.; Gellerstedt, G.; Henriksson, G. Wood Chemistry and Biotechnology; Walter de Gruyter: Berlin, Germany, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Jung, J.Y.; Lim, K.-B.; Kim, J.S.; Park, H.M.; Yang, J.-K. Utilization of wood by-product and development of horticultural growing media. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 2015, 33, 435–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yun, M.S.; Cho, H.M.; Yeon, B.-R.; Choi, J.S.; Kim, S. Herbicidal activities of essential oils from pine, nut pine, larch and khingan fir in Korea. Weed Turf. Sci. 2013, 2, 30–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Poaty, B.; Lahlah, J.; Porqueres, F.; Bouafif, H. Composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of seven essential oils from the North American boreal forest. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2015, 31, 907–919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chikamai, B.; Tchatat, M.; Tieguhong, J.C.; Ndoye, O. Forest management for non-wood forest products and services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Discov. Innov. 2009, 21, 50–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guenther, E. The Essential Oils; D. Van Nostrand: New Work, NY, USA, 1948. [Google Scholar]
- Alma, M.H.; Mavi, A.; Yildirim, A.; Digrak, M.; Hirata, T. Screening chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Origanum syriacum L. growing in Turkey. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 26, 1725–1729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sadgrove, N.; Jones, G. A contemporary introduction to essential oils: Chemistry, bioactivity and prospects for Australian agriculture. Agriculture 2015, 5, 48–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yadav, E.; Kumar, S.; Mahant, S.; Khatkar, S.; Rao, R. Tea tree oil: A promising essential oil. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2017, 29, 201–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chung, Y.; Ahn, W. Collection identification and ex-situ field conservation of the aromatic plants in Korea. RDA J. Agric. Sci 1995, 37, 57–75. [Google Scholar]
- Calvo-Irabien, L.M. Native Mexican aromatic flora and essential oils: Current research status, gaps in knowledge and agro-industrial potential. Ind. Crops. Prod. 2018, 111, 807–822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ekman, A.; Campos, M.; Lindahl, S.; Co, M.; Börjesson, P.; Karlsson, E.N.; Turner, C. Bioresource utilisation by sustainable technologies in new value-added biorefinery concepts—Two case studies from food and forest industry. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 57, 46–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bedi, S.; Vyas, S.P. A Handbook of Aromatic and Essential Oil Plants: Cultivation, Chemistry, Processing and Uses; Agrobios: Jodhpur, India, 2008; p. 598. [Google Scholar]
- Bedi, S.; Tanuja; Vyas, S. Handbook of Aromatic and Essential Oil Plants; Agrobios: Jodhpur, India, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Van de Braak, S.; Leijten, G. Essential Oils and Oleoresins: A Survey in the Netherlands and Other Major Markets in the European Union; CBI, Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries: Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1999; p. 116. [Google Scholar]
- Adorjan, B.; Buchbauer, G. Biological properties of essential oils: An updated review. Flavour Fragr. J. 2010, 25, 407–426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hanif, M.A.; Nisar, S.; Khan, G.S.; Mushtaq, Z.; Zubair, M. Essential Oils. In Essential Oil Research: Trends in Biosynthesis, Analytics, Industrial Applications and Biotechnological Production; Malik, S., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 3–17. [Google Scholar]
- Krishna, S.; Bustamante, L.; Haynes, R.K.; Staines, H.M. Artemisinins: Their growing importance in medicine. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2008, 29, 520–527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dayan, F.E.; Howell, J.L.; Marais, J.P.; Ferreira, D.; Koivunen, M. Manuka oil, a natural herbicide with preemergence activity. Weed Sci. 2011, 59, 464–469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sangwan, N.; Farooqi, A.; Shabih, F.; Sangwan, R. Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant Growth Regul. 2001, 34, 3–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, Y. Development of Aroma Oils from Ganwon Native Plants. Master’s Thesis, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Ahn, K. The worldwide trend of using botanical drugs and strategies for developing global drugs. BMB Rep. 2017, 50, 111–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hogue, C. Obtaining genetic resources abroad. Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 34–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- NiFoS. Essential Oils Bank. Available online: https://know.nifos.go.kr/know/service/oplt/opltIntro.do (accessed on 15 March 2022).
- Lee, J.-H.; Lee, B.-K.; Kim, J.-H.; Lee, S.-H.; Hong, S.-K. Comparison of chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from three conifer trees; Pinus densiflora, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009, 19, 391–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, J.-H.; Yang, H.-Y.; Lee, H.-S.; Hong, S.-K. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from cones of Pinus koraiensis. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 18, 497–502. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Abi-Ayad, M.; Abi-Ayad, F.; Lazzouni, H.; Rebiahi, S. Antibacterial activity of Pinus halepensis essential oil from Algeria (Tlemcen). J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour. 2011, 1, 33–36. [Google Scholar]
- Djilani, A.; Dicko, A. The Therapeutic Benefits of Essential Oils (Chapter 7). In Nutrition, Well-Being and Health; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2012; Volume 7, pp. 155–179. [Google Scholar]
- Bhattacharya, S. Cultivation of Essential Oils. In Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016; pp. 19–29. [Google Scholar]
- Sinclair, A.; Catling, P.M. Cultivating the increasingly popular medicinal plant, goldenseal: Review and update. Am. J. Anat. 2001, 16, 131–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cunningham, A. An Africa-Wide Overview of Medicinal Plant Harvesting, Conservation and Health Care. In Medicinal Plants for Forests Conservation and Health Care; Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO): Roma, Italia, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available online: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed on 11 May 2022).
- Tsuyama, I.; Higa, M.; Nakao, K.; Matsui, T.; Horikawa, M.; Tanaka, N. How will subalpine conifer distributions be affected by climate change? Impact assessment for spatial conservation planning. Reg. Environ. Chang. 2015, 15, 393–404. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mathys, A.S.; Coops, N.C.; Waring, R.H. An ecoregion assessment of projected tree species vulnerabilities in western North America through the 21st century. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2017, 23, 920–932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lindner, M.; Maroschek, M.; Netherer, S.; Kremer, A.; Barbati, A.; Garcia-Gonzalo, J.; Seidl, R.; Delzon, S.; Corona, P.; Kolström, M. Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems. For. Ecol. Manag. 2010, 259, 698–709. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- NIBR. Red Data Book of Republic of Korea; National Institute of Biological Resources: Incheon, Republic of Korea, 2014. Available online: https://www.forest.go.kr/newkfsweb/cmm/fms/BoardFileDown.do?atchFileId=FI (accessed on 8 March 2022).
- Farjon, A. A Handbook of the World’s Conifers (2 Vols.); Brill: Leiden, The Netherland, 2010; Volume 1. [Google Scholar]
- Yoon, W.-J.; Kim, S.-S.; Oh, T.-H.; Lee, N.H.; Hyun, C.-G. Abies koreana essential oil inhibits drug-resistant skin pathogen growth and LPS-induced inflammatory effects of murine macrophage. Lipids 2009, 44, 471–476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, B.-W.; Song, M.-J.; Park, M.-J.; Choi, D.-H.; Lee, S.-S.; Kim, M.; Hwang, K.-C.; Kim, I.-K. Anti-wrinkle and Whitening Effects of Essential Oil from Abies koreana. J. Life Sci. 2018, 28, 524–531. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koo, K.A.; Kong, W.-S.; Park, S.U.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, J.; Jung, H. Sensitivity of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wils.), a threatened climate relict species, to increasing temperature at an island subalpine area. Ecol. Model. 2017, 353, 5–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Woo, S.Y. Forest decline of the world: A linkage with air pollution and global warming. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2009, 8, 7409–7414. [Google Scholar]
- Ahn, C.H.; Heo, K.; Park, H.S.; Choi, Y.E. In vitro propagation and cryopreservation of Thuja koraiensis Nakai via somatic embryogenesis. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Viol. Plant. 2019, 55, 605–614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fu, C.; Lan, X.; Yuan, J.; Li, C.; Li, L.; Yu, Z.; Tan, T.; Yuan, M.; Du, F. Research on the optimization, key chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of the essential oil extraction process of Thuja koraiensis Nakai. J. Microbiol. Methods 2022, 194, 106435–106444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, T. Dendrology, 4th ed.; Hyang Moon Sa Publishing: Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1990. [Google Scholar]
- Ali, A.; Mackeen, M.; Intan-Safinar, I.; Hamid, M.; Lajis, N.; El-Sharkawy, S.; Murakoshi, M. Antitumour-promoting and antitumour activities of the crude extract from the leaves of Juniperus chinensis. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996, 53, 165–169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, C.-H.; Park, J.-M.; Song, H.-Y.; Jeong, E.-Y.; Lee, H.-S. Acaricidal activities of major constituents of essential oil of Juniperus chinensis leaves against house dust and stored food mites. J. Food Prot. 2009, 72, 1686–1691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, J. An Ecological Approach for the Effective Conservation and Management of Forest Vegetation in Ulleung Island, Korea. Ph.D. Thesis, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, E.-H.; Shin, J.-K.; Jeong, K.-S.; Lee, C.-S.; Chung, J.-M. Genetic variation and structure of Juniperus chinensis L.(Cupressaceae) in Korea. J. Ecol. Environ. 2018, 42, 14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Linit, M. Nemtaode-vector relationships in the pine wilt disease system. J. Nematol. 1988, 20, 227–235. [Google Scholar]
- Han, H.; Chung, Y.-J.; Shin, S.-C. First report of pine wilt disease on Pinus koraiensis in Korea. Plant Dis. 2008, 92, 1251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hong, Y.; Kim, E.; Lee, E.; Lee, S.; Cho, K.; Lee, Y.; Chung, S.; Jeong, H.; You, Y. Characteristics of vegetation succession on the Pinus thunbergii forests in warm temperate regions, Jeju Island, South Korea. J. Ecol. Environ. 2019, 43, 44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Korea Forest Service. Korea Forest Management. Available online: https://www.forest.go.kr/kfsweb/kfi/kfs/cms/cmsView.do?mn=NKFS_02_13_01&cmsId=FC_000388 (accessed on 18 July 2022).
- Ali, B.; Al-Wabel, N.A.; Shams, S.; Ahamad, A.; Khan, S.A.; Anwar, F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2015, 5, 601–611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bakkali, F.; Averbeck, S.; Averbeck, D.; Idaomar, M. Biological effects of essential oils—A review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46, 446–475. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G.; Scheffer, J.J. Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: Volatile components and essential oils. Flavour Fragr. J. 2008, 23, 213–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mediavilla, I.; Guillamón, E.; Ruiz, A.; Esteban, L.S. Essential oils from residual foliage of forest tree and shrub species: Yield and antioxidant capacity. Molecules 2021, 26, 3257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fokou, J.B.H.; Dongmo, P.M.J.; Boyom, F.F. Essential oil’s chemical composition and pharmacological properties. In Essential Oils-Oils of Nature; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, J.; Choi, W.-S.; Jeung, E.-B.; Kim, K.-J.; Park, M.-J. Anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil extracted from Pinus densiflora (Sieb. et Zucc.) wood on RBL-2H3 cells. J. Wood Sci. 2021, 67, 52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, S.; Lee, H.; Jeong, S.; Lee, E.; Lee, M. Antihyperlipidermic and antidiabetic effects of Pinus koraiensis leaf oil. Planta Med. 2011, 77, PF93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, M.-G.; Lee, H.-S. Volatile Constituents of Essential Oils Extracted from Two Varieties of Chamaecyparis pisifera in Korea. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 2012, 15, 364–367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, J.; Choi, W.-S.; KIM, J.-W.; LEE, S.-S.; PARK, M.-J. Anti-inflammatory effect of essential oils extracted from wood of four coniferous tree species. J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol. 2019, 47, 674–691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.-S. Insecticidal toxicities and essential oil compositions of Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium fruits in Korea. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 2016, 19, 2065–2071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.-N.; Park, M.-J.; Zheng, Z.; Lee, S.-S.; Yoo, K.H.; Kim, H. Inhibitory Effects of essential oil from Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai on melanin production: Protection against re-pigmentation after laser treatment. Med. Lasers 2018, 7, 62–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, J.-Y.; Jhee, K.-H.; Yang, S.-A. Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Essential Oil from the Magnolia kobus Flower. J. Life Sci. 2020, 30, 278–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jang, S.-J.; Kim, Y.-H.; Kim, M.-K.; Kim, K.-W.; Yun, S.-E. Essential Oil Composition from Leaves, Flowers, Stems, and Fruits of Vitex rotundifolia L. fil. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol. 2002, 45, 101–107. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, C.; Bu, H.J.; Lee, S.J.; Hyun, C.-G.; Lee, N.H. Chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from Aster spathulifolius and Vitex rotundifolia maxim. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2014, 4, 12–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moon, M.Y.; Kim, S.-S.; Lee, D.-S.; Yang, H.M.; Park, C.-W.; Kim, H.S.; Park, Y.-S. Effects of forest management practices on moth communities in a Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière) plantation. Forests 2018, 9, 574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, H.M.; Jeon, W.S.; Lee, J.W. Analysis of anatomical characteristics for wood species identification of commercial plywood in Korea. J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol. 2021, 49, 574–590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, J.H.; Chung, S.H.; Kim, S.H.; Lee, S.T. Optimum Stand Density Control Considering Stability in Larix kaempferi Forests. J. Korean For. Soc. 2020, 109, 202–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wink, M.; Latz-Bruning, B. Allelopathic properties of alkaloids and other natural products. In Proceedings of the Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes and Applications, Washington, DC, USA, 1–5 August 1993. [Google Scholar]
- Ben-Ami, M.; Chaimovich, R.; Chaimovitsh, D.; Dudai, N. Essential oils as allelopathic agents: Bioconversion of monoterpenes by germinating wheat seeds. In Proceedings of the XXVI International Horticultural Congress: The Future for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Toronto, ON, Canada, 11–17 August 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Koitabashi, R.; Suzuki, T.; Kawazu, T.; Sakai, A.; Kuroiwa, H.; Kuroiwa, T. 1,8-Cineole inhibits root growth and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris L. J. Plant Res. 1997, 110, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zunino, M.P.; Zygadlo, J.A. Effect of monoterpenes on lipid oxidation in maize. Planta 2004, 219, 303–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nishida, N.; Tamotsu, S.; Nagata, N.; Saito, C.; Sakai, A. Allelopathic effects of volatile monoterpenoids produced by Salvia leucophylla: Inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris seedlings. J. Chem. Ecol. 2005, 31, 1187–1203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tworkoski, T. Herbicide effects of essential oils. Weed Sci. 2002, 50, 425–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nikolova, M.T.; Berkov, S.H. Use of essential oils as natural herbicides. Ecol. Balk. 2018, 10, 259–265. [Google Scholar]
- Ramezani, S.; Saharkhiz, M.J.; Ramezani, F.; Fotokian, M.H. Use of essential oils as bioherbicides. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 2008, 11, 319–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Batish, D.R.; Singh, H.P.; Setia, N.; Kohli, R.K.; Kaur, S.; Yadav, S.S. Alternative control of littleseed canary grass using eucalypt oil. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2007, 27, 171–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, H.-D.; Koh, Y.-J.; Choi, I.-W.; Kim, Y.-S.; Park, Y.-K. Anticariogenic activity and glucosyltransferase inhibitory effects of extracts from pine needle and twig. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 2007, 39, 336–341. [Google Scholar]
- Joo, H.-E.; Lee, H.-J.; Sohn, E.J.; Lee, M.-H.; Ko, H.-S.; Jeong, S.-J.; Lee, H.-J.; Kim, S.-H. Anti-diabetic potential of the essential oil of Pinus koraiensis leaves toward streptozotocin-treated mice and HIT-T15 pancreatic β cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2013, 77, 1997–2001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Choudhury, H.; Pandey, M.; Hua, C.K.; Mun, C.S.; Jing, J.K.; Kong, L.; Ern, L.Y.; Ashraf, N.A.; Kit, S.W.; Yee, T.S. An update on natural compounds in the remedy of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 2018, 8, 361–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kwon, K.; Oh, Y.; Kim, C.; Yu, C.; Lee, J. Biological activities and anti-wrinkle effects of Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. leaf extract. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 2021, 29, 117–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jeon, M.-O.; Moon, J.-s. Study on applicability of Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc leaf extract as a cosmetic ingredient. J. Oil Appl. Sci. 2017, 34, 602–612. [Google Scholar]
- Perry, L.M.; Metzger, J. Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1980. [Google Scholar]
- Hong, C.-U.; Kim, C.-S.; Kim, N.-G.; Kim, Y.-H. Composition of essential oils from the leaves and the fruits of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Chamaecyparis pisifera. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol. 2001, 44, 116–121. [Google Scholar]
- Houicher, A.; Hamdi, M.; Hechachna, H.; Özogul, F. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Anacyclus valentinus essential oil from Algeria. Food Biosci. 2018, 25, 28–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, I.H.; Lim, D.H.; Ryu, S.B. Biomass, net production and nutrient distribution related to age of young Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations. J. Korean Soc. For. Sci. 2000, 89, 85–92. [Google Scholar]
- Ahn, J.-Y.; Lee, S.-s.; Kang, H.-y. Biological activities of essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa. J. Soc. Cosmet. Sci. Korea 2004, 30, 503–507. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, X. Aroma constituents and alkylamides of red and green huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 1689–1696. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, S.-I.; Chang, K.-M.; Lee, Y.-S.; Kim, G.-H. Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Zanthoxylum piperitum AP DC. and Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2008, 17, 195–198. [Google Scholar]
- Chang, K.-M.; Kim, G.-H. Analysis of aroma components from Zanthoxylum. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2008, 17, 669–674. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, J.; Koo, K.; Jung, Y.; Yang, J. Antimicrobial activities of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 2004, 3, 500–504. [Google Scholar]
- Chao, W.-W.; Su, C.-C.; Peng, H.-Y.; Chou, S.-T. Melaleuca quinquenervia essential oil inhibits α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production and oxidative stress in B16 melanoma cells. Phytomedicine 2017, 34, 191–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kimura, T.; But, P.P.-h.; Guo, J.-x.; Chung, K.S. International Collation Of Traditional And Folk Medicine. In Northeast Asia: Part 1; World Scientific: Singapore, 1996; Volume 1, pp. 201–236. [Google Scholar]
- Yeeh, Y.; Kang, S.S.; Chung, H.G.; Chung, M.S.; Chung, M.G. Genetic and clonal diversity in Korean populations of Vitex rotundifolia (Verbenaceae). J. Plant Res. 1996, 109, 161–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barbieri, C.; Borsotto, P. Essential oils: Market and legislation. In Potential of Essential Oils; Intechopen: London, UK, 2020; pp. 107–127. [Google Scholar]
- Gounaris, Y. Biotechnology for the production of essential oils, flavours and volatile isolates. A review. Flavour Fragr. J. 2010, 25, 367–386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tariq, S.; Wani, S.; Rasool, W.; Shafi, K.; Bhat, M.A.; Prabhakar, A.; Shalla, A.H.; Rather, M.A. A comprehensive review of the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents against drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Microb. Pathog. 2019, 134, 103580–103600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raut, J.S.; Karuppayil, S.M. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Ind. Crops Prod. 2014, 62, 250–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Da Cunha, A.P.; Nogueira, M.T.; Roque, O.R. Plantas Aromáticas e Óleos Essenciais: Composição e Aplicações; Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian: Lisbon, Portugal, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Bleasel, N.; Tate, B.; Rademaker, M. Allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to essential oils. Aust. J. Dermatol. 2002, 43, 211–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carson, C.; Riley, T. Safety, efficacy and provenance of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil. Contact Dermat. 2001, 45, 65–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nakatsu, T.; Lupo, A.T., Jr.; Chinn, J.W., Jr.; Kang, R.K. Biological activity of essential oils and their constituents. In Studies in Natural Products Chemistry; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2000; Volume 21, pp. 571–631. [Google Scholar]
- Cho, J.-Y.; Choi, I.; Hwang, E.-K. Antimicrobial activity of extracts from medicinal herbs against Escherichia coli. Korean J. Vet. Res. 2003, 43, 625–631. [Google Scholar]
Family | Scientific Names | Common Names | Part Used | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pinaceae | 1 | Pinus thunbergii Parl. | Black pine | leaves |
2 | Abies koreana E.H. Wilson | Korean fir | leaves | |
3 | Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere | Japanese larch | branches and leaves | |
4 | Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. | Norway spruce | branches and leaves | |
5 | Pinus rigida Mill | Pitch pine | leaves | |
6 | Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis | Many-stem Korean red pine | leaves | |
7 | Abies nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Maxim. | Khingan fir | leaves | |
8 | Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc. | Ulleungdo white pine | branches | |
9 | Machilus japonica Siebold & Zucc. | Long-leaf bay-tree | leaves | |
10 | Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. | Korean red pine | leaves | |
11 | Tsuga sieboldii Carriere | Ulleungdo hemlock | leaves | |
12 | Pinus strobus L. | White pine | leaves | |
13 | Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. | Korean pine | leaves | |
14 | Abies holophylla Maxim. | Needle fir | leaves | |
15 | Picea koraiensis Nakai | Korean spruce | leaves | |
Cupressaceae | 16 | Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc. | Needle juniper | leaves |
17 | Thuja koraiensis Nakai | Korean arborvitae | leaves | |
18 | Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii A. Henry | Dwarf juniper | leaves | |
19 | Chamaecyparis pisifera cv. Filifera Aurea | Oriental arborvitae | leaves | |
20 | Thuja orientalis | Korean arborvitae | leaves | |
21 | Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. | Hinoki cypress | branches and leaves | |
22 | Juniperus chinensis L. | Chinese juniper | leaves | |
23 | Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. | Chamaecyparis pisifera | leaves | |
Lauraceae | 24 | Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl | Camphor tree | leaves |
25 | Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. | Irregular-streak newlitsea | leaves | |
26 | Lindera obtusiloba Blume | Blunt-lobe spicebush | leaves | |
27 | Cinnamomum yabunikkei H. Ohba | Japanese camphor tree | leaves | |
28 | Cinnamomum loureirii nees | Cinnamomum cassia | leaves | |
29 | Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. | Sericeous newlitsea | leaves | |
Rutaceae | 30 | Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Siebold & Zucc. | Alianthus-like prickly-ash | fruit |
31 | Citrus reticulata Blanco. | pseudogulgul | fruit | |
32 | Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. | Mastic-leaf prickly ash | fruit | |
33 | Orixa japonica Thunb. | East Asian orixa | leaves | |
34 | Citrus unshiu (Yu. Tanaka ex Swingle) Marcow. | Unishiu orange | fruit | |
35 | Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai | Large-leaflet prickly-ash | fruit | |
Cryptomeria | 36 | Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don | Japanese cedar | leaves |
Lamiaceae | 37 | Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & CA Mey.) Kuntze | Korean mint | twigs and leaves |
Magnoliaceae | 38 | Magnolia kobus DC. | Kobus manolia | flower |
Verbenas | 39 | Vitex rotundifolia L.f. | Beach vitex | fruit |
Scientific Names | Red Data Book of Republic of Korea (1) | IUCN Red List (2) |
---|---|---|
Abies koreana E.H.Wilson | Endangered (EN) | Vulnerable (VU) |
Thuja koraiensis Nakai | Vulnerable (VU) | Vulnerable (VU) |
Abies nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Maxim. | Endangered (EN) | Least Concern (LC) |
Juniperus chinensis L. | Vulnerable (VU) | Least Concern (LC) |
Family | Scientific Names | Plant Parts | Major Chemical Constituents | Biological Activity | Potential Use | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinaceae | Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere | leaves | α-pinene (19.86%), β-pinene (17.35%), L-bornyl acetate (15.29%) | herbicidal activity | agriculture industry for an herbicidal purpose | Yun, Cho, Yeon, Choi, and Kim [9] |
wood | α-pinene (18.57%), α-cadinol (6.24%), cembrene (6.12%) | anti-inflammatory effect | interior renovations which can effectively improve allergic inflammation | Yang et al. [64] | ||
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. | wood | longifolene (19.71%), α-terpineol (19.18%), sabinene (13.53%) | anti-inflammatory activity | pharmaceutical industry for relieving the allergy | Yang, Choi, Jeung, Kim, and Park [64] | |
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc | leaves | α-pinene (21.3%), α-terpineol (11.0%), δ-3-carene (10.2%) | anti-hyperlipidemia and antidiabetic effects | pharmaceutical industry as an ingredient in functional food | Kim et al. [65] | |
cones | limonene (27.90%), α-pinene(23.89%), β-pinene (12.02%), | antimicrobial activity | environmentally friendly disinfectant | Lee, Yang, Lee, and Hong [32] | ||
Cupressaceae | Chamaecyparis pisifera var. filifera | leaves | 3-carene (35.0 %), (−)-bornyl acetate (19.8 %), α-pinene (13.0 %) | - | - | Kim and Lee [66] |
Chamaecyparis obtusa | leaves | α-cadinol (19.25%), τ-muurolol (14.20%), α-pinene (13.74%) | anti-inflammatory | pharmaceutical industry for relieving allergy | Yang et al. [67] | |
Rutaceae | Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold &Zucc. | fruit | estragole (75.03%), 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4.60%), 2-undecanone (2.86%) | insecticidal activity | agriculture and food industry for controlling mites | Lee [68] |
Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai | fruit | β-ocimene (24.48%), α-pinene (16.56%), sabinene (10.81%) | whitening | cosmetic functional material | Kim et al. [69] | |
Magnoliaceae | Magnolia kobus | flower | 3-carene (77.07%), β-elemene (6.92%), caryophyllene (2.86%) | antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity | cosmetic functional material | Lee et al. [70] |
Verbenas | Vitex rotundifolia L. fil. | leaves | 1,8-cineole (19.89%), α-terpineol (7.94%), manoyl oxide (2.40%) | anti-inflammatory activity | cosmetic industry as an ingredient for anti-inflammatory efficacy | Jang et al. [71,72] |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Park, C.; Woo, H. Development of Native Essential Oils from Forestry Resources in South Korea. Life 2022, 12, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121995
Park C, Woo H. Development of Native Essential Oils from Forestry Resources in South Korea. Life. 2022; 12(12):1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121995
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Chanjoo, and Heesung Woo. 2022. "Development of Native Essential Oils from Forestry Resources in South Korea" Life 12, no. 12: 1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121995