New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Experimental Procedures
2.2. Plant Material
2.3. Extraction and Separation
2.3.1. Garcimangophenone A (6)
2.3.2. Garcimangophenone B (7)
2.4. α-Amylase Inhibition
2.5. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies
2.5.1. Preparation of PDB Structures
2.5.2. Receptor Grids Generation and Docking
2.5.3. MD Simulation of Compound 7 and Acarbose in Complex with 5TD4
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Purification of Compounds
3.2. Structural Assignment of Compounds 6 and 7
3.3. Identification of Known Metabolites
3.4. α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity
3.5. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies
3.5.1. Preparations of Ligands and Proteins
3.5.2. Molecular Docking Studies
3.5.3. Molecular Dynamic Simulation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | 6 | 7 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δH (m, J in Hz) | δC m | HMBC | δH (m, J in Hz) | δC m | HMBC | |
1 | - | 106.3 C | - | - | 109.4 C | - |
2 | - | 165.4 C | - | - | 163.8 C | - |
3 | 5.83 brs | 95.8 CH | 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 | 6.06 d (2.4) | 98.1 CH | 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 |
4 | - | 165.4 C | - | - | 161.7 C | - |
5 | 5.83 brs | 95.8 CH | 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 | 6.21 d (2.4) | 95.7 CH | 1, 3, 4, 7 |
6 | - | 165.5 C | - | - | 159.5 C | - |
7 | - | 200.6 C | - | - | 199.3 C | - |
1` | - | 123.9 C | - | - | 119.2 C | - |
2` | 6.52 d (2.4) | 107.4 CH | 4`, 6`, 1, 7 | 6.96 d (2.4) | 114.2 CH | 1`, 4`, 6`, 1, 7 |
3` | - | 153.8 C | - | - | 154.2 C | - |
4` | 6.36 d (2.4) | 112.1 CH | 2`, 5`, 6` | 7.18 brd (8.0) | 121.4 CH | 2`, 5`, 6` |
5` | - | 148.8 C | - | 7.22 d (8.0) | 120.4 CH | 1`, 3`, 4`, 6` |
6` | - | 145.7 C | - | - | 155.8 C | - |
1`` | - | - | - | 4.88 d (7.6) | 101.6 CH | 6 |
2`` | - | - | - | 2.92 m | 74.6 CH | 1`` |
3`` | - | - | - | 3.30 m | 77.8 CH | 1`` |
4`` | - | - | - | 3.29 m | 71.0 CH | 2``, 6`` |
5`` | - | - | - | 3.32 m | 78.2 CH | 3``, 6`` |
6`` | - | - | - | 3.86 dd (12.4, 2.0) 3.69 dd (12.4, 5.6) | 62.5 CH2 | 4``, 5`` |
Compd | Docking Score | XP GScore | Glide GScore | Glide eModel |
---|---|---|---|---|
Native_ Inhibitor_5TD4 | −19.081 | −19.081 | −19.081 | −104.865 |
Acarbose | −16.078 | −16.641 | −16.641 | −115.364 |
7 | −11.297 | −11.46 | −11.46 | −75.209 |
6 | −8.185 | −8.596 | −8.596 | −50.318 |
5 | −6.726 | −6.824 | −6.824 | −67.078 |
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Alhakamy, N.A.; Mohamed, G.A.; Fahmy, U.A.; Eid, B.G.; Ahmed, O.A.A.; Al-Rabia, M.W.; Khedr, A.I.M.; Nasrullah, M.Z.; Ibrahim, S.R.M. New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana. Life 2022, 12, 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030384
Alhakamy NA, Mohamed GA, Fahmy UA, Eid BG, Ahmed OAA, Al-Rabia MW, Khedr AIM, Nasrullah MZ, Ibrahim SRM. New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana. Life. 2022; 12(3):384. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030384
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhakamy, Nabil Abdulhafiz, Gamal Abdallah Mohamed, Usama Ahmed Fahmy, Basma Ghazi Eid, Osama Abdelhakim Aly Ahmed, Mohammed Wanees Al-Rabia, Amgad Ibrahim Mansour Khedr, Mohammed Zahid Nasrullah, and Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim. 2022. "New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana" Life 12, no. 3: 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030384