Non-Perfusion Area Index for Prognostic Prediction in Diabetic Retinopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age (years) | 59.5 ± 11.6(38–76) |
Gender | 17 men, 5 women |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 14.6 (19.4–39.1) |
History of diabetes (years) | 11.7 ± 9.0 (0–30) |
Whether or not insulin was used (yes:1, no:0) | 0.5 ± 0.503 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.97 ± 2.25 (6.0–12.0) |
Systolic/Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.2 ± 21.7 (101–190)/75.4 ± 12.1 (57–104) |
Body temperature (°C) | 36.5 ± 0.5 (35.5–37.2) |
Corrected visual acuity (logMAR) | 0.108 ± 0.258 (−0.079–1.000) |
Equivalent spherical power (D) | −2.39 ± 4.43 (−13.63–2.13) |
Intraocular pressure (mmHg) | 14.3 ± 2.7 (9–19) |
Axial length (mm) | 24.3 ± 1.2 (23.09–26.51) |
Presence (1) or absence (0) of macular edema (%) | 57.9 ± 51.2 |
NPAI (%) | 15.9 ± 25.5 (0.01–77.7) |
Upper temporal 10.3 ± 26.4 (0–93.6) | Upper 12.2 ± 21.6 (0–65.3) | Upper nasal 17.6 ± 30.3 (0–85.3) |
Temporal 13.1 ± 27.1 (0–100) | Post pole 8.0 ± 14.5 (0–37.0) | Nasal 20.9 ± 31.8 (0–97.9) |
Lower temporal 17.4 ± 32.5 (0–100) | Lower 21.1 ± 33.4 (0–90.3) | Lower nasal 22.4 ± 36.3 (0–100) |
At Initial FA Mean ± Standard Deviation | At Final FA Mean ± Standard Deviation | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
HbA1c (%) | 7.97 ± 2.25 (6.0–12.0) | 7.59 ± 3.23 (5.4–9.7) | >0.05 |
Corrected visual acuity (logMAR) | 0.108 ± 0.258 (−0.079–1.000) | 0.165 ± 0.376 (−0.079–1.222) | >0.05 |
Equivalent spherical degree (D) | −2.39 ± 4.43 (−13.63–2.13) | −2.00 ± 4.03 (−13.63–2.50) | >0.05 |
Intraocular pressure (mmHg) | 14.3 ± 2.7 (9–19) | 14.0 ± 2.3 (10–17) | >0.05 |
Existence of macular edema | 0.579 ± 0.512 | 0.500 ± 0.512 | <0.01 * |
Mean ± Standard Deviation | |
---|---|
Existence of photocoagulation (%) | 13 cases (59.1%) |
Existence of anti-VEGF drug administration (%) | 8 cases (36.4%) |
Number of administrations of anti-VEGF drug (times) | 3.32 ± 5.5 (0–16) |
Existence of vitreous surgery for DR (%) | 1 case (4.55%) |
Non-Progressed Group (n = 19) Mean ± Standard Deviation | Progressed Group (n = 3) Mean ± Standard Deviation | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 60.1 ± 11.8 (38–76) | 56.0 ± 11.8 (43–66) | 0.619 |
Weight (kg) | 76.5 ± 22.2 (53.4–131.0) | 50.0 ± 0.0 (50) | 0.182 |
Diabetes history at initial FA (year) | 11.56 ± 9.39 (0–30) | 12.33 ± 4.04 (10–17) | 0.819 |
Existence of insulin use at initial FA | 9/16 cases (56.3%) | 0/2 cases (0%) | 0.298 |
HbA1c at initial FA (%) | 7.80 ± 1.30 (6.0–11.0) | 8.97 ± 2.63 (7.4–12.0) | 0.524 |
Corrected visual acuity at initial FA (logMAR) | 0.51 ± 0.17 (−0.08–0.40) | 0.47 ± 0.47 (0.10–1.00) | 0.267 |
Existence of macular edema at initial FA | 8/16 cases (50%) | 3/3 cases (100%) | 0.107 |
NPAI of nine quadrant average at initial FA (%) | 10.3 ± 21.9 (0.01–77.7) | 50.5 ± 19.2 (30.1–64.9) | 0.021 * |
Existence of photocoagulation | 10/19 cases (52.6%) | 3/3 cases (100%) | 0.121 |
Number of administrations of anti-VEGF drug (times) | 3.21 ± 5.45 (0–16) | 4.00 ± 6.93 (0–12) | 0.865 |
Existence of vitreous surgery for DR (%) | 0.05 ± 0.23 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.331 |
HbA1c at final FA (%) | 7.71 ± 1.4 (5.4–9.7) | 7.00 ± 1.3 (5.5–8.0) | 0.574 |
Corrected visual acuity at final FA (logMAR) | 0.13 ± 0.31 (−0.08–1.05) | 0.41 ± 0.71 (−0.08–1.22) | 0.556 |
Existence of macular edema at final FA | 10/19 cases (52.6%) | 1/3 cases (33.3%) | 0.534 |
Upper temporal 10.0 ± 28.3 (0–93.6) | Upper 8.2 ± 17.6 (0–56.7) | Upper nasal 13.8 ± 28.3 (0–85.3) |
Temporal 10.0 ± 27.7 (0–100) | Post pole 2.9 ± 5.1 (0–19.3) | Nasal 12.4 ± 23.4 (0–94.4) |
Lower temporal 10.8 ± 27.9 (0–100) | Lower 11.7 ± 24.4 (0–72.5) | Lower nasal 13.6 ± 29.2 (0–100) |
Upper temporal 12.4 ± 10.0 (3.6–24.0) | Upper 37.7 ± 31.9 * (2.8–65.3) | Upper nasal 41.9 ± 37.5 (4.4–79.4) |
Temporal 33.6 ± 10.7 (23.7–44.9) | Post pole 36.0 ± 19.5 * (29.0–55.1) | Nasal 74.8 ± 25.3 * (47.7–97.9) |
Lower temporal 59.3 ± 32.8 * (23.1–86.9) | Lower 80.5 ± 15.4 * (62.7–90.3) | Lower nasal 78.4 ± 26.8 * (48.4–100) |
Upper temporal 0.033 | Upper 0.478 * | Upper nasal 0.326 |
Temporal 0.305 | Post pole 0.904 ** | Nasal 0.689 ** |
Lower temporal 0.523 * | Lower 0.724 * | Lower nasal 0.627 ** |
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Ofuji, Y.; Katada, Y.; Tomita, Y.; Nagai, N.; Sonobe, H.; Watanabe, K.; Shinoda, H.; Ozawa, Y.; Negishi, K.; Tsubota, K.; et al. Non-Perfusion Area Index for Prognostic Prediction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Life 2022, 12, 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040542
Ofuji Y, Katada Y, Tomita Y, Nagai N, Sonobe H, Watanabe K, Shinoda H, Ozawa Y, Negishi K, Tsubota K, et al. Non-Perfusion Area Index for Prognostic Prediction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Life. 2022; 12(4):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040542
Chicago/Turabian StyleOfuji, Yoshiko, Yusaku Katada, Yohei Tomita, Norihiro Nagai, Hideki Sonobe, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hajime Shinoda, Yoko Ozawa, Kazuno Negishi, Kazuo Tsubota, and et al. 2022. "Non-Perfusion Area Index for Prognostic Prediction in Diabetic Retinopathy" Life 12, no. 4: 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040542