Hemostatic Biomarkers and Volumetry Help to Identify High-Risk Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Laboratory Analysis and Hemostatic Parameters
2.3. Image Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics and Hemostatic Parameters in Patients with AAA
3.2. AAA Growth Assessment at 1-Year
3.3. Associations of Hemostatic Factors with Image Parameters during AAA Progression
3.4. Risk Prediction for Aneurysm Surgery in the Follow Up
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1 (n = 52) | Group 2 (n = 51) | Group 3 (n = 50) | p for Trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographical and clinical parameters | ||||
Sex (male, n, %) | 40(77) | 46(90) | 50(100) | 0.001 |
Age (years) | 75(6) | 72(8) | 73(8) | 0.161 |
BMI | 27(4) | 28(5) | 28(4) | 0.872 |
Smokers (n, %) | 31(60) | 45(88) | 45(90) | <0.001 |
DM (n, %) | 11(21) | 12(24) | 8(16) | 0.630 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 32(61) | 34(67) | 33(66) | 0.839 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 38(73) | 41(80) | 38(76) | 0.679 |
Biochemical parameters | ||||
Total cholesterol (mg/mL) | 180(37) | 175(39) | 175(44) | 0.453 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 109(33) | 105(33) | 107(38) | 0.865 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 48 ± 13 | 42 ± 10 | 40 ± 11 | 0.002 |
Treatment (n, %) | ||||
Antiplatelets | 31(60) | 28(55) | 41(82) | 0.009 |
Anticoagulants | 10(19) | 11(22) | 9(18) | 0.900 |
ACE inhibitors | 16(31) | 14(28) | 10(20) | 0.450 |
ARA-2 | 12(23) | 13(25) | 11(22) | 0.914 |
Calcium antagonists | 8(15) | 18(35) | 11(22) | 0.056 |
Vasodilators | 3(6) | 5(10) | 6(12) | 0.541 |
β-Blockers | 10(19) | 19(37) | 20(40) | 0.049 |
Statins | 34(65) | 41(80) | 39(78) | 0.171 |
Metformin | 10(19) | 10(20) | 4(8) | 0.190 |
Previous history of CVD (n, %) | ||||
Coronary disease | 11(21) | 11(22) | 15(30) | 0.503 |
Stroke | 5(10) | 2(4) | 3(6) | 0.496 |
COPD | 12(23) | 11(22) | 10(20) | 0.931 |
CKD | 2(4) | 8(16) | 4(8) | 0.108 |
PAD | 28(54) | 9(18) | 11(22) | <0.001 |
Functional parameters | ||||
ABI | 0.83(0.2) | 0.92(0.2) | 0.93(0.2) | 0.016 |
Hemostatic parameters | ||||
TAT (µg/L) * | 2.2 (2.1) | 4.1(3.7) | 4.7(6.9) | <0.001 |
D-dimer (ng/mL) * | 869 (1047) | 1683(1958) | 1832(1606) | <0.001 |
Image Parameter | Recruitment | 1 Year | p | δ 1 Year- Recruitment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum aortic diameter (mm) | 45.04 (2.82) | 47.63 (3.43) | <0.001 | 2.59 (2.53) |
AAA volume (mL) | 95.36 (24.25) | 104.75 (28.75) | <0.001 | 9.40 (7.75) |
Aortic thrombus volume (mL) | 44.05 (22.87) | 50.04 (27.59) | <0.001 | 5.98 (10.45) |
Aortic lumen volume (mL) | 51.30 (15.34) | 54.72 (17.23) | 0.001 | 3.41 (6.92) |
Image Parameter | TAT (µg/L) * | D-dimer (ng/mL) * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Difference | 95% CI | p | Mean Difference | 95% CI | p | |
AAA diameter (mm) | ||||||
Unadjusted | 0.56 | 0.01–1.11 | 0.047 | 0.23 | −0.39–0.86 | 0.47 |
Adjusted | 0.56 | 0.02–1.10 | 0.044 | |||
AAA volume (mL) | ||||||
Unadjusted | 0.65 | −1.02–2.31 | 0.45 | 1.71 | −0.09–3.51 | 0.06 |
Adjusted | 0.65 | −0.98–2.27 | 0.43 | 1.71 | −0.05–3.46 | 0.06 |
AAA Thrombus volume (mL) | ||||||
Unadjusted | 2.58 | 0.32–4.84 | 0.025 | 3.45 | 1.02–5.88 | 0.005 |
Adjusted | 2.58 | 0.41–4.75 | 0.020 | 3.45 | 0.55–6.35 | 0.020 |
Aortic lumen volume (mL) | ||||||
Unadjusted | −1.93 | −3.42–−0.44 | 0.011 | −1.74 | −3.41–−0.08 | 0.040 |
Adjusted | −1.93 | −3.32–−0.54 | 0.007 | −1.74 | −3.32–−0.16 | 0.030 |
Models | AAA Diameter (mm) | AAA Volume (mL) | AAA Thrombus Volume (mL) | Aortic Lumen Volume (mL) | TAT (µg/L) * | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SHR | 95% CI | p | SHR | 95% CI | p | SHR | 95% CI | p | SHR | 95% CI | p | SHR | 95% CI | p | |
Unadjusted | 1.35 | 1.11–1.64 | 0.003 | 1.03 | 1.02–1.04 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.015 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.023 | 1.34 | 1.08–1.67 | 0.007 |
Model 1 | 1.45 | 1.20–1.75 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 1.02–1.05 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 0.002 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.036 | 1.36 | 1.05–1.76 | 0.019 |
Model 2 | 1.53 | 1.26–1.86 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 1.02–1.05 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 0.003 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 0.012 | 1.33 | 1.03–1.72 | 0.029 |
Model 3 | 1.45 | 1.20–1.75 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 0.016 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.024 | 1.38 | 1.07–1.79 | 0.014 |
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Fernandez-Alonso, S.; Martinez-Aguilar, E.; Ravassa, S.; Orbe, J.; Paramo, J.A.; Fernandez-Alonso, L.; Roncal, C. Hemostatic Biomarkers and Volumetry Help to Identify High-Risk Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Life 2022, 12, 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060823
Fernandez-Alonso S, Martinez-Aguilar E, Ravassa S, Orbe J, Paramo JA, Fernandez-Alonso L, Roncal C. Hemostatic Biomarkers and Volumetry Help to Identify High-Risk Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Life. 2022; 12(6):823. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060823
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernandez-Alonso, Sebastian, Esther Martinez-Aguilar, Susana Ravassa, Josune Orbe, Jose A. Paramo, Leopoldo Fernandez-Alonso, and Carmen Roncal. 2022. "Hemostatic Biomarkers and Volumetry Help to Identify High-Risk Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms" Life 12, no. 6: 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060823