Exogenous 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) Can Affect Phosphorylation of Proteins Involved on Signal Transduction Pathways in In Vitro Models of Brain Cell Lines, but These Effects Are Not Strengthened by Its Catabolite, 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid (TA1)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Cell Treatments
2.3. Gene Expression Analysis
2.4. Uptake of T1AM and TA1
2.5. Cell Viability
2.6. Glucose Consumption
2.7. cAMP Concentration Assay
2.8. Protein Expression Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Expression of the Receptors of the Glutamatergic Pathway
3.2. Cellular Uptake of T1AM and TA1
3.3. Cell Viability
3.4. Glucose Consumption
3.5. cAMP Assay
3.6. Effects of T1AM and TA1 on the Expression of Signaling Cascade
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T1AM | NG 108-15 Cells | U-87 MG Cells | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medium | Cell Lysate | Medium | Cell Lysate | |||||
(µM) | T1AM (nM) | TA1 (nM) | T1AM (nM) | TA1 (nM) | T1AM (nM) | TA1 (nM) | T1AM (nM) | TA1 (nM) |
0.1 | N.D. | 135 ± 12 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 95 ± 6 | N.D. | N.D. |
1 | N.D. | 311 ± 161 | N.D. | 7.7 ± 0.2 | N.D. | 1165 ± 41 | N.D. | 22 ± 5 |
10 | 0.66 ± 0.14 | 4996 ± 97 | 10 ± 6 | 91 ± 19 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 13,214 ± 302 | 6 ± 0.3 | 144 ± 80 |
Cell Lines | Cytosolic Fraction | Mitochondrial Fraction | Nuclear Fraction | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1AM (µM) | TA1 (nM) | T1AM (µM) | TA1 (nM) | T1AM (µM) | TA1 (nM) | |
NG108-15 | 2.89 ± 0.13 | 205.3 ± 27.6 | 1.66 ± 0.1 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 2.77 ± 0.07 | 46.5 ± 9.3 |
U-87 MG | 2.62 ± 0.24 | 20.5 ± 0.9 | 0.54 ± 0.17 | N.D. | 1.63 ± 0.34 | N.D. |
Cell Lines/TA1 | Medium (nM) | Lysate (nM) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 µM | 1 µM | 10 µM | 0.1 µM | 1 µM | 10 µM | |
NG 108-15 | 233 ± 18 | 1795 ± 55 | 5355 ± 175 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 72.4 ± 6.9 | 995 ± 95 |
U-87 MG | 135 ± 26 | 1193 ± 140 | 1520 ± 327 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 15.4 ± 3.9 | 120 ± 22 |
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Bandini, L.; Sacripanti, G.; Borsò, M.; Tartaria, M.; Fogliaro, M.P.; Giannini, G.; Carnicelli, V.; Figuccia, M.E.; Verlotta, S.; De Antoni, F.; et al. Exogenous 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) Can Affect Phosphorylation of Proteins Involved on Signal Transduction Pathways in In Vitro Models of Brain Cell Lines, but These Effects Are Not Strengthened by Its Catabolite, 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid (TA1). Life 2022, 12, 1352. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091352
Bandini L, Sacripanti G, Borsò M, Tartaria M, Fogliaro MP, Giannini G, Carnicelli V, Figuccia ME, Verlotta S, De Antoni F, et al. Exogenous 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) Can Affect Phosphorylation of Proteins Involved on Signal Transduction Pathways in In Vitro Models of Brain Cell Lines, but These Effects Are Not Strengthened by Its Catabolite, 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid (TA1). Life. 2022; 12(9):1352. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091352
Chicago/Turabian StyleBandini, Lavinia, Ginevra Sacripanti, Marco Borsò, Maria Tartaria, Maria Pia Fogliaro, Giulia Giannini, Vittoria Carnicelli, Matteo Emanuele Figuccia, Sara Verlotta, Fiammetta De Antoni, and et al. 2022. "Exogenous 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) Can Affect Phosphorylation of Proteins Involved on Signal Transduction Pathways in In Vitro Models of Brain Cell Lines, but These Effects Are Not Strengthened by Its Catabolite, 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid (TA1)" Life 12, no. 9: 1352. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091352