Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Collection of Placentas
2.3. Gene Expression Estimation
2.4. Protein Expression
2.5. Antibodies
2.6. Immunohistochemical (IHC) Staining
2.7. Apoptosis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DAB | 3:3′-diaminobenzidine |
ECL | Enhanced chemiluminescent |
GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
GLUT | Glucose transporter |
GLUT1 | Glucose transporter 1 |
GLUT3 | Glucose transporter 3 |
IADPSG | International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups |
IHC | Immunohistochemical |
KSUMC | King Saud University Medical City |
NBF | Neutral buffered formalin |
OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene difluoride |
TdT | Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase |
TE | Tris-EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) |
TUNEL | Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling |
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Control (n = 34) | GDM (n = 31) | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Mothers | Age (year) | 28.2 ± 5.9 | 32.4 ± 5.3 | <0.01 |
Height (cm) | 158 ± 4.3 | 157.3 ± 4.3 | 0.51 | |
Weight (kg) | 73.4 ± 14.5 | 84.3 ± 14.3 | <0.01 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 5.4 | 34.1 ± 5.4 | <0.01 | |
OGTT | Fasting | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 0.02 |
(mmol/L) | 1-h | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 9.9 ± 1.8 | <0.01 |
2-h | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.9 | <0.01 | |
Newborns | Gestational age (week) | 39.3 ± 0.9 | 38.5 ± 1.6 | 0.02 |
Birth weight (g) | 3110 ± 344 | 3338 ± 377 | 0.02 | |
Thigh circumference (cm) | 15.8 ± 1.2 | 16.6 ± 1.7 | 0.04 | |
Placentas | Weight (g) | 400 ± 58 | 451.2 ± 87 | <0.01 |
Length (cm) | 18.4 ± 2 | 19.6 ± 2.3 | 0.04 | |
Width (cm) | 16.2 ± 1.6 | 16.2 ± 1.8 | 0.86 | |
Umbilical Cords | Length (cm) | 53 ± 9.8 | 56.1 ± 13 | 0.19 |
Diameter (cm) | 1.05 ± 0.18 | 1.2 ± 0.18 | <0.01 |
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Aldahmash, W.; Harrath, A.H.; Aljerian, K.; Sabr, Y.; Alwasel, S. Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Life 2023, 13, 993. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040993
Aldahmash W, Harrath AH, Aljerian K, Sabr Y, Alwasel S. Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Life. 2023; 13(4):993. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040993
Chicago/Turabian StyleAldahmash, Waleed, Abdel Halim Harrath, Khaldoon Aljerian, Yasser Sabr, and Saleh Alwasel. 2023. "Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" Life 13, no. 4: 993. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040993