Bacterial Contamination in Total Joint Replacement: Should We Change into a New Set of Clean Scrub Suits Whenever Entering the Operating Room?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Bacterial Contamination Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | The Duration of Wearing the Same Suit (Hours), Median (IQR) |
---|---|
Control | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) |
IN(sp)_ST | 2.0 (2.0 to 2.0) |
IN_MID | 4.0 (3.5 to 4.6) |
IN_LO | 8.0 (8.0 to 8.5) |
IN(sp) + OUT(w)_ST | 3.0 (2.5 to 4.0) |
OUT(w)_LO | 14.5 (14.0 to 14.5) |
Group | Bacterial Colony Count (CFU), Median (IQR) | p-Value | Effect Size, r |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | N/A | N/A |
IN(sp)_ST | 1.0 (0.0 to 1.3) | 0.142 | 0.35 |
IN_MID | 0.5 (0.0 to 2.0) | 0.348 | 0.21 |
IN_LO | 2.0 (0.3 to 2.0) | 0.019 * | 0.51 † |
IN(sp) + OUT(w)_ST | 5.0 (1.8 to 7.3) | <0.0001 * | 0.73 † |
OUT(w)_LO | 14.5 (11.3 to 29.8) | <0.0001 * | 0.85 † |
Group | Bacterial Colony Species (the Number of Cases Detected) |
---|---|
Control (n = 10) | GPR (2), Bacillus subtilis (1), Micrococcus luteus (1) |
IN(sp)_ST (n = 12) | Bacillus subtilis (3), Bacillus cereus (2), Bacillus species (1), Staphylococcus hominis * (1), Micrococcus luteus (1) |
IN_MID (n = 12) | Bacillus subtilis (4), Micrococcus luteus (2), Staphylococcus epidermidis * (1), CNS * (1), Bacillus megaterium (1), Sporosarcina koreensis (1) |
IN_LO (n = 11) | Bacillus subtilis (4), Micrococcus luteus (3), Staphylococcus epidermidis * (1), Staphylococcus capitis * (1), Bacillus cereus (1), Bacillus megaterium (1), Roseomonas mucosa (1), Moraxella osloensis (1) |
IN(sp) + OUT(w)_ST (n = 20) | Bacillus subtilis (11), Micrococcus luteus (8), Bacillus species (3), Acinetobacter species (2), Micrococcus species (2), Staphylococcus hominis * (2), Staphylococcus lugdunensis * (1), Staphylococcus saprophyticus * (1), Bacillus flexus (1), Bacillus cereus (1), Roseomonas mucosa (1), Kocuria species (1), Streptococcus species (1) |
OUT(w)_LO (n = 10) | Bacillus subtilis (9), Micrococcus luteus (4), Staphylococcus epidermidis * (3), Staphylococcus saprophyticus * (2), Staphylococcus hominis * (1), Aerococcus viridans (1), Enterococcus faecalis (1), Roseomonas mucosa (1), Pantoea septica (1) |
Group | Any Bacterial Contamination | CNS Contamination | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Probability (%) | p-Value | Effect Size, φ | Probability (%) | p-Value | Effect Size, φ | |
Control (n = 10) | 40.0 (4/10) | N/A | N/A | 0 (0/10) | N/A | N/A |
IN(sp)_ST (n = 12) | 66.7 (8/12) | 0.211 | 0.27 | 8.3 (1/12) | 0.350 | 0.20 |
IN_MID (n = 12) | 66.7 (8/12) | 0.211 | 0.27 | 16.7 (2/12) | 0.176 | 0.29 |
IN_LO (n = 11) | 72.7 (8/11) | 0.130 | 0.32 | 18.2 (2/11) | 0.156 | 0.31 |
IN(sp) + OUT(w)_ST (n = 20) | 100 (20/20) | 0.0001 * | 0.71 † | 20 (4/20) | 0.129 | 0.28 |
OUT(w)_LO (n = 10) | 100 (10/10) | 0.003 * | 0.66 † | 50 (5/10) | 0.010 * | 0.58 † |
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Tateiwa, T.; Takahashi, Y.; Ishida, T.; Masaoka, T.; Shishido, T.; Yamamoto, K. Bacterial Contamination in Total Joint Replacement: Should We Change into a New Set of Clean Scrub Suits Whenever Entering the Operating Room? Life 2023, 13, 1615. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071615
Tateiwa T, Takahashi Y, Ishida T, Masaoka T, Shishido T, Yamamoto K. Bacterial Contamination in Total Joint Replacement: Should We Change into a New Set of Clean Scrub Suits Whenever Entering the Operating Room? Life. 2023; 13(7):1615. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071615
Chicago/Turabian StyleTateiwa, Toshiyuki, Yasuhito Takahashi, Tsunehito Ishida, Toshinori Masaoka, Takaaki Shishido, and Kengo Yamamoto. 2023. "Bacterial Contamination in Total Joint Replacement: Should We Change into a New Set of Clean Scrub Suits Whenever Entering the Operating Room?" Life 13, no. 7: 1615. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071615