Pre-Pandemic Distribution of Bacterial Species in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens from Pediatric and Adult Patients Detected via RT-PCR Using the Allplex Respiratory Panel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Specimens
2.2. Allplex RP4 Assay Using NPS
2.3. Seeplex PneumoBacter ACE Detection Assay Using Sputum
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pediatric Patients
3.2. Adult Patients
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | No. of Patients (%) |
---|---|
Total patients | 271 |
Mean age, years (range) | 3.4 (0–17) |
Sex | |
Male | 117 (43.2) |
Female | 154 (56.8) |
Abnormal chest radiograph | 60 (22.1) |
Fever ≥ 38.6 °C | 146 (53.9) |
Positive M. pneumoniae IgM | 38 (14.0) |
Antibiotic use | 238 (87.8) |
Cephalosporin | 200 (84.0) |
Macrolide | 144 (60.5) |
Penicillin series | 35 (14.7) |
Diagnosis | |
Bronchitis | 52 (19.2) |
Acute pharyngotonsillitis | 48 (17.7) |
Pneumonia | 40 (14.8) |
Acute gastroenteritis | 27 (10.0) |
Other upper respiratory infections | 18 (6.6) |
Bronchiolitis | 13 (4.8) |
Other * | 73 (27.0) |
Species | No. of Patients (%) | No. of Co-Detection Cases (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. influenzae | S. pneumoniae | |||||
Negative | 124 | (45.8) | ||||
Positive | 147 | (54.2) | ||||
H. influenzae | 94 | (34.7) | 33 (12.2) | |||
S. pneumoniae | 77 | (28.4) | ||||
M. pneumoniae | 10 | (3.7) | 2 | (0.7) | 2 | (0.7) |
C. pneumoniae | 3 | (1.1) | 3 | (1.1) | ||
B. pertussis | 3 | (1.1) | 1 | (0.4) | ||
B. parapertussis | 2 | (0.7) | 1 | (0.4) | ||
L. pneumophila | 0 | (0.0) |
Characteristics | No. of Patients (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. influenzae | S. pneumoniae | HI + SP | M. pneumoniae | C. pneumoniae | B. pertussis | B. parapertussis | |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 33 (56.9) | 22 (57.9) | 20 (60.6) | 5 (50.0) | 3 (100) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (100) |
Female | 25 (43.1) | 16 (42.1) | 13 (39.4) | 5 (50.0) | - | 2 (66.7) | - |
Abnormal chest radiograph | 11 (19.0) | 6 (15.8) | 9 (27.3) | 9 (90.0) * | - | - | 1 (50.0) |
Fever ≥ 38.6 °C | 31 (53.4) | 17 (44.7) | 19 (57.6) | 6 (60.0) | 2 (66.7) | - | 1 (50.0) |
Positive M. pneumoniae IgM | 6 (10.3) | 8 (21.1) | 7 (21.2) | 4 (40.0) | 1 (33.3) | - | - |
Antibiotic use | 49 (84.5) | 33 (86.8) | 30 (90.9) | 10 (100) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 2 (100) |
Diagnosis | |||||||
Upper respiratory tract infection | 20 (34.5) | 9 (23.7) | 10 (30.3) | - | 2 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (50.0) |
Lower respiratory tract infection | 23 (39.7) | 14 (36.8) | 15 (45.5) | 90 (90.0) * | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | - |
Other | 15 (25.9) | 15 (39.5) | 8 (24.2) | 1 (10.0) | - | - | 1 (50.0) |
Total No. of patients | 58 (100) | 38 (100) | 33 (100) | 10 (100) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 2 (100) |
NPS-RP4 | Sputum-Seeplex | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||||
H. influenzae | Positive | 25 | 5 | 42.4 (29.6–55.9) | 95.6 (90.1–98.6) |
Negative | 34 | 109 | |||
S. pneumoniae | Positive | 12 | 1 | 12.1 (6.4–20.2) | 98.7 (92.7–100) |
Negative | 87 | 73 | |||
M. pneumoniae | Positive | 1 | 0 | 50.0 (1.3–98.7) | 100 (97.9–100) |
Negative | 1 | 171 | |||
L. pneumophila | Positive | 1 | 0 | 33.3 (0.8–90.6) | 100 (97.9–100) |
Negative | 2 | 170 |
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Lee, D.-H.; Choi, Y.-J.; Kim, J.; Han, E.; Bae, M.-H. Pre-Pandemic Distribution of Bacterial Species in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens from Pediatric and Adult Patients Detected via RT-PCR Using the Allplex Respiratory Panel. Life 2023, 13, 1840. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091840
Lee D-H, Choi Y-J, Kim J, Han E, Bae M-H. Pre-Pandemic Distribution of Bacterial Species in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens from Pediatric and Adult Patients Detected via RT-PCR Using the Allplex Respiratory Panel. Life. 2023; 13(9):1840. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091840
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Dong-Hyun, Young-Jin Choi, Jieun Kim, Eunhee Han, and Mi-Hyun Bae. 2023. "Pre-Pandemic Distribution of Bacterial Species in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens from Pediatric and Adult Patients Detected via RT-PCR Using the Allplex Respiratory Panel" Life 13, no. 9: 1840. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091840