Posture of Healthy Subjects Modulated by Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Spinal Cord Stimulation as a Tool to Study Postural Control
1.2. Different Roles of Flexors and Extensors in Postural Control
1.3. Cognitive Style Influences Coordination of Body Segments in Postural Control
1.4. Purpose and Hypothesis of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure and Task
2.3. Stabilometry
2.4. Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Cord and Dorsal Roots
2.5. Analysis
2.5.1. Stabilometry Indicators
2.5.2. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Cognitive Style—CoP Parameters without tES
3.2. Current Intensities
3.3. CoP Parameters in Experimental Conditions
3.3.1. Length of the CoP trajectory
3.3.2. Ellipse Area
3.3.3. RMSD of the CoP
3.3.4. Differences in CoP Parameters between Left and Right tES
4. Discussion
4.1. Differences in Postural Control Responses to Spinal Test of Patients with Motor Disorders and Healthy Subjects
4.2. Upright Posture of FD Participants Responded to Spinal tES and That of FI Participants Did Not
4.3. Left and Right Spinal Root tES Had Different Effects on Postural Balance
4.4. “Posture” and “Equilibrium” Tasks during Standing and Spinal tES
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participants | Ellipse Area, mm2 | RMSDfront, mm | RMSDsag, mm | |
---|---|---|---|---|
FD (N = 16) | 151 (86; 231) * | 3.1 (2.0; 3.7) * | 3.1 (2.3; 4.0) * | |
FI (N = 16) | 56 (46; 102) | 1.6 (1.6; 2.6) | 2.4 (2.1; 2.7) | |
All (N = 32) | 93 (50; 148) | 2.2 (1.6; 3.2) | 2.6 (2.1; 3.3) |
Participants | Left Dorsal Roots, mA | Midline, mA | Right Dorsal Roots, mA |
---|---|---|---|
FD (N = 8) | 21 ± 6 | 26 ± 13 | 21 ± 6 |
FI (N = 8) | 20 ± 11 | 22 ± 12 | 19 ± 10 |
All (N = 16) | 20 ± 11 | 24 ± 12 | 20 ± 10 |
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Shamantseva, N.; Timofeeva, O.; Gvozdeva, A.; Andreeva, I.; Moshonkina, T. Posture of Healthy Subjects Modulated by Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation. Life 2023, 13, 1909. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091909
Shamantseva N, Timofeeva O, Gvozdeva A, Andreeva I, Moshonkina T. Posture of Healthy Subjects Modulated by Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation. Life. 2023; 13(9):1909. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091909
Chicago/Turabian StyleShamantseva, Natalia, Olga Timofeeva, Alisa Gvozdeva, Irina Andreeva, and Tatiana Moshonkina. 2023. "Posture of Healthy Subjects Modulated by Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation" Life 13, no. 9: 1909. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091909