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Volume 14
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10.3390/life14030349
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Communication

Large Anthrax Outbreak in a New Locality in Croatia, 2022

by
Ljiljana Žmak
1,2,*,
Selma Bošnjak
1,
Iva Pem Novosel
3,
Tajana Juzbašić
1,
Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek
1,2,
Irena Tabain
1,
Tihana Miškić
4,
Ivana Lohman Janković
4,
Inoslav Brkić
5 and
Ana Gverić Grginić
1
1
Department of Microbiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Department of Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
4
Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
5
Public Health Institute of Sisak-Moslavina County, Kralja Tomislava 1, 44000 Sisak, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2024, 14(3), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030349
Submission received: 16 February 2024 / Revised: 1 March 2024 / Accepted: 5 March 2024 / Published: 7 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

Bacillus anthracis is a well-known zoonotic pathogen that can cause disease in both animals and humans. Moreover, it has a high bioterrorism potential as its lethal spores are resistant to inactivation, are easy to produce in large quantities, and are easily spread over large areas. Anthrax cases occur in different parts of the world, including most European countries. Specific areas of Croatia are long known as anthrax districts, but with sporadically reported cases over the years. Here, we present a major outbreak of animal and human anthrax in the region of Lonjsko Polje in Croatia, a region not known to have anthrax cases in the past. The outbreak started in July 2022 and lasted several months, but most human and animal cases were reported in the first month. During the outbreak, there were 17 reported human cases of cutaneous anthrax and 29 laboratory-confirmed animal cases. However, due to issues in reporting in animals and the late finding of the carcasses, which made laboratory diagnostics challenging, the actual number of animal cases was probably significantly higher.
Keywords: anthrax; zoonosis; one health; emerging diseases anthrax; zoonosis; one health; emerging diseases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Žmak, L.; Bošnjak, S.; Pem Novosel, I.; Juzbašić, T.; Vilibić-Čavlek, T.; Tabain, I.; Miškić, T.; Lohman Janković, I.; Brkić, I.; Gverić Grginić, A. Large Anthrax Outbreak in a New Locality in Croatia, 2022. Life 2024, 14, 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030349

AMA Style

Žmak L, Bošnjak S, Pem Novosel I, Juzbašić T, Vilibić-Čavlek T, Tabain I, Miškić T, Lohman Janković I, Brkić I, Gverić Grginić A. Large Anthrax Outbreak in a New Locality in Croatia, 2022. Life. 2024; 14(3):349. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030349

Chicago/Turabian Style

Žmak, Ljiljana, Selma Bošnjak, Iva Pem Novosel, Tajana Juzbašić, Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek, Irena Tabain, Tihana Miškić, Ivana Lohman Janković, Inoslav Brkić, and Ana Gverić Grginić. 2024. "Large Anthrax Outbreak in a New Locality in Croatia, 2022" Life 14, no. 3: 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030349

APA Style

Žmak, L., Bošnjak, S., Pem Novosel, I., Juzbašić, T., Vilibić-Čavlek, T., Tabain, I., Miškić, T., Lohman Janković, I., Brkić, I., & Gverić Grginić, A. (2024). Large Anthrax Outbreak in a New Locality in Croatia, 2022. Life, 14(3), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030349

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