A Histological Analysis and Detection of Complement Regulatory Protein CD55 in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lungs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Histological Staining
2.1.1. Hematoxylin Eosin Staining
2.1.2. Alcian Blue Staining
2.1.3. Elastica van Gieson Staining
2.1.4. Masson-Goldner Staining
2.2. Immunofluorescence Staining
3. Results
3.1. Histological Evaluation of the Lung Specimens
3.2. Immunofluorescence Staining of CD55 in the Lung Specimens
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
COVID-19 | Corona Virus Disease 2019 |
DAD | Diffuse Alveolar Damage |
DAPI | 4′,6-Diamidin-2-phenylindol |
GAG | Glycosaminoglycan |
IL | Interleukin |
MAC | Membrane attacking complex |
PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
PFA | Paraformaldehyde solution |
RT | Room temperature |
RNAi | RNA interference |
SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 |
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Category | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 | (−) | (+) | (−) |
ARDS | (−) | (+) | (+) |
Patients | n = 4 | n = 5 | n = 3 |
Sex | 3M, 1F | 4M, 1F | 1M, 2F |
Age (in years) | 53–84 | 39–91 | 31–67 |
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Silawal, S.; Gögele, C.; Pelikan, P.; Werner, C.; Levidou, G.; Mahato, R.; Schulze-Tanzil, G. A Histological Analysis and Detection of Complement Regulatory Protein CD55 in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lungs. Life 2024, 14, 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091058
Silawal S, Gögele C, Pelikan P, Werner C, Levidou G, Mahato R, Schulze-Tanzil G. A Histological Analysis and Detection of Complement Regulatory Protein CD55 in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lungs. Life. 2024; 14(9):1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091058
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilawal, Sandeep, Clemens Gögele, Petr Pelikan, Christian Werner, Georgia Levidou, Raman Mahato, and Gundula Schulze-Tanzil. 2024. "A Histological Analysis and Detection of Complement Regulatory Protein CD55 in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lungs" Life 14, no. 9: 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091058