The Potential of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Countering Bisphosphonate-Induced Effects in Osteoblasts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Cultures and Treatments
- Group I (control), cells without Zol and EMD;
- Group II (Zol), cells treated with Zol only;
- Group III (Zol + EMD), cells treated with Zol and EMD;
- Group IV (EMD), cells treated with EMD only.
2.2. Cell Viability
2.3. Cell Apoptosis Analysis
- Q1: necrotic cells (annexin V-FITC-negative/PI-positive)
- Q2: late apoptotic cells (annexin V-FITC-positive/PI-positive)
- Q3: viable cells (annexin V-FITC-negative/PI-negative)
- Q4: early apoptotic cells (annexin V-FITC-positive/PI-negative)
2.4. Cell Migration
2.4.1. Scratch Wound Healing Assay
2.4.2. Boyden Chamber Assay
2.5. Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Analysis
2.6. Western Blotting
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cell Viability
3.2. Cell Apoptosis
3.3. Cell Migration
3.4. Gene Expression
3.5. Protein Expression
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | 5′→3′ | |
---|---|---|
ALP | F | GACAAGAAGCCCTTCACTGC |
R | AGACTGCGCCTGGTAGTTGT | |
OC | F | GGCGCTACCTGTATCAATGG |
R | TCAGCCAACTCGTCACAGTC | |
RANKL | F | CACTATTAATGCCACCGAC |
R | GGGTATGAGAACTTGGGATT | |
M-CSF | F | TAGCCACATGATTGGGAGTG |
R | TATCTCTGAAGCGCATGGTG | |
BSP | F | GCGAAGCAGAAGTGGATGAAA |
R | TGCCTCTGTGCTGTTGGTACTG | |
COL1 | F | CCTGGTGCTAAAGGAGAAAGAGG |
R | ATCACCACGACTTCCAGCAGGA | |
GAPDH | F | AACAGCGACACCCACTCCTC |
R | CATACCAGGAAATGAGCTTGACAA |
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Kim, M.; Choi, M.; Kwon, Y.-D.; Ohe, J.-Y.; Jung, J. The Potential of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Countering Bisphosphonate-Induced Effects in Osteoblasts. Life 2024, 14, 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091088
Kim M, Choi M, Kwon Y-D, Ohe J-Y, Jung J. The Potential of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Countering Bisphosphonate-Induced Effects in Osteoblasts. Life. 2024; 14(9):1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091088
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Minah, Minji Choi, Yong-Dae Kwon, Joo-Young Ohe, and Junho Jung. 2024. "The Potential of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Countering Bisphosphonate-Induced Effects in Osteoblasts" Life 14, no. 9: 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091088