The Role of Digital Dermoscopy and Follow-Up in the Detection of Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma in a Group of High-Risk Patients—Is It Useful?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Indications for DD/TBSP Surveillance
3. High-Risk Melanoma Patients
4. Efficacy of DD/TBSP in Melanoma Detection
5. Definition of Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma
6. Diagnosing Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma
7. Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma and DD/TBSP
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathway | I | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Endpoint of pathway | Low-CSD melanoma/SSM | |||
Benign neoplasms | Nevus | |||
Intermediate lesion (LGD and melanocytomas) | LGD | BIN | DPN | |
Intermediate lesion (HGD and melanocytomas) | HGD/MIS | BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma/ MELTUMP | Deep penetrating melanocytoma/ MELTUMP | PEM/MELTUMP |
Malignant neoplasms | Low-CSD melanoma/SSM | Melanoma in BIN | Melanoma in DPN | Melanoma in PEM |
Common mutations | BRAF p.V600E or NRAS TERT, CDKN2A, TP53, PTEN | BRAF or NRAS + BAP1 | BRAF, MAP2K1 or NRAS + CTNNB1 or APC | BRAF + PRKAR1A or PRKCA |
Pathways | II | III |
---|---|---|
Endpoint of pathway | High-CSD melanoma/LMM | Desmpolastic melanoma |
Benign neoplasms | ? IMP | ? IMP |
Intermediate lesions (LGD and melanocytomas) | ? IAMP/dsyplasia | ? IAMP/dysplasia |
Intraepidermal malignancies (HGD and melanocytomas) | Lentigo maligna (MIS) | MIS |
Malignant neoplasms | LMM (VGP) | Desmoplastic melanoma |
Common mutations | NRAS; BRAF (non-p.V600E); KIT; or NF1 TERT; CDKN2A; TP53; PTEN; RAC1 | NF1; ERBB2; MAP2K1; MAP3K1; BRAF; EGFR; MET; TERT; NFKBIE; NRAS; PIK3CA; PTPN11 |
Pathways | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endpoint of pathway | Spitz melanoma | Acral melanoma | Mucosal melanoma | Melanoma in CN | Melanoma in BN |
Benign neoplasms | Spitz nevus | ? Acral nevus | ? Melanosis | CN | BN |
Intermediate lesions (LGD and melanocytomas) | Atypical Spitz tumor | IAMPUS/ dysplasia | Atypical melanosis/ dysplasia/ IAMPUS | Nodule in CN (melanocytoma) | (Atypical) cellular BN (melanocytoma) |
Intermediate lesions (HGD and melanocytomas) | STUMP/ MELTUMP | Acral MIS | Mucosal MIS | MIS in CN | Atypical CBN |
Malignant neoplasms | Spitz melanoma | Acral melanoma (VGP) | Mucosal lentiginous melanoma (VGP) | Melanoma in CN | Melanoma in blue nevus |
Common mutations | HRAS; ALK; ROS1; RET; NTRK1; NTRK3; BRAF; or MET CDKN2A | KIT; NRAS; BRAF; HRAS; KRAS; NTRK3; ALK; or NF1 CDKN2A; TERT; CCND1; GAB2 | KIT; NRAS; KRAS; or BRAF NF1; CDN2A; SF3B1; CCND1; CDK4; MDM2 | NRAS; BRAF p.V600E (small lesions); or BRAF | GNAQ; GNA11; or CYSLTR2 BAP1; EIF1AX; SF3B1 |
Indications for DD/TBSP in Patients with Multiple Nevi |
---|
>60 melanocytic nevi |
CDKN2A mutation or other rarer high-risk melanoma genetic variants |
>40 melanocytic nevi and a personal history of melanoma |
>40 melanocytic nevi and red hair and/or a MC1R mutation |
>40 melanocytic nevi and a history of organ transplantation |
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Jurakić Tončić, R.; Vasari, L.; Štulhofer Buzina, D.; Ledić Drvar, D.; Petković, M.; Čeović, R. The Role of Digital Dermoscopy and Follow-Up in the Detection of Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma in a Group of High-Risk Patients—Is It Useful? Life 2024, 14, 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091200
Jurakić Tončić R, Vasari L, Štulhofer Buzina D, Ledić Drvar D, Petković M, Čeović R. The Role of Digital Dermoscopy and Follow-Up in the Detection of Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma in a Group of High-Risk Patients—Is It Useful? Life. 2024; 14(9):1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091200
Chicago/Turabian StyleJurakić Tončić, Ružica, Lara Vasari, Daška Štulhofer Buzina, Daniela Ledić Drvar, Mikela Petković, and Romana Čeović. 2024. "The Role of Digital Dermoscopy and Follow-Up in the Detection of Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma in a Group of High-Risk Patients—Is It Useful?" Life 14, no. 9: 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091200