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Life
Volume 15
Issue 2
10.3390/life15020167
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Systematic Review

Differential Expression of Maternal Plasma microRNAs and Their Respective Gene Targets Can Predict Early Fetal Growth Restriction

by
Emmanuel Kolawole
1,
Aparna Duggirala
1,*,
Oscar Gronow
1,
Agnieszka Wisniewska
1,
Jiamiao Hu
2 and
Bee Kang Tan
2,*
1
College of Science and Engineering, Biomedical and Clinical Science Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
2
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2025, 15(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020167
Submission received: 6 December 2024 / Revised: 3 January 2025 / Accepted: 18 January 2025 / Published: 24 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Based on Bioinformatical Studies)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition where the fetus does not reach its genetically predetermined size, affecting 1 in 10 pregnancies and contributing to up to 50% of all stillbirths before 34 weeks of gestation. Current diagnostic methods primarily involve ultrasound and Doppler assessments, yet there is growing interest in identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis and improved management. This systematic review examined the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of FGR, focusing on their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. This review systematically assessed studies investigating the differential expression of miRNAs in maternal blood, serum, and plasma samples from FGR-affected pregnancies. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria, which showed the differential expression of a total of 48 miRNAs. miR-16-5p was consistently upregulated in multiple studies and trimesters. miR-590-3p and miR-206 were consistently upregulated in multiple trimesters. The common gene targets of these miRNAs are VEGF, PIGF, and MMP9. The downregulation of these genes contributes to impaired angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion, placental function, and fetal growth.
Keywords: fetal growth restriction; microRNAs; maternal blood; plasma; non-invasive diagnosis; angiogenesis; VEGF; PIGF; MMP9 fetal growth restriction; microRNAs; maternal blood; plasma; non-invasive diagnosis; angiogenesis; VEGF; PIGF; MMP9

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kolawole, E.; Duggirala, A.; Gronow, O.; Wisniewska, A.; Hu, J.; Tan, B.K. Differential Expression of Maternal Plasma microRNAs and Their Respective Gene Targets Can Predict Early Fetal Growth Restriction. Life 2025, 15, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020167

AMA Style

Kolawole E, Duggirala A, Gronow O, Wisniewska A, Hu J, Tan BK. Differential Expression of Maternal Plasma microRNAs and Their Respective Gene Targets Can Predict Early Fetal Growth Restriction. Life. 2025; 15(2):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020167

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kolawole, Emmanuel, Aparna Duggirala, Oscar Gronow, Agnieszka Wisniewska, Jiamiao Hu, and Bee Kang Tan. 2025. "Differential Expression of Maternal Plasma microRNAs and Their Respective Gene Targets Can Predict Early Fetal Growth Restriction" Life 15, no. 2: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020167

APA Style

Kolawole, E., Duggirala, A., Gronow, O., Wisniewska, A., Hu, J., & Tan, B. K. (2025). Differential Expression of Maternal Plasma microRNAs and Their Respective Gene Targets Can Predict Early Fetal Growth Restriction. Life, 15(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020167

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