A Systematic Review of the Key Predictors of Progression and Mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Extraction
3. Results
3.1. Selection of Studies
3.2. Demographic Features of Eligible Studies
3.3. Risk Factors of Lung Function Decline
3.4. Prognostic Factors for All-Cause Mortality of RA-ILD
3.5. Additional Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Study | Design | Subjects (n) | Smoking (n, %) | UIP Pattern (n, %) | Frequency of Lung Function Decline (n, %) | All-Cause Mortality (n, %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akiyama et al., 2016 [72] | Case/control retrospective (2008–2014) | 395 | 69 (20.3) | 78 (19.7) | 6 (1.5) | |
Franzen et al., 2016 [83] | Observational retrospective (2013–2015) | 33 | 17 (51) | 6 (22) | ||
Md Yusof et al., 2017 [84] | Observational retrospective (2004–2015) | 56 | 32 (57) | 20 (36) | 14 (25) | 9 (16) |
Mochizuki et al., 2018 [40] | Observational retrospective, 47.8 months | 131 | ||||
Kim et al., 2010 [60] | Observational retrospective (2001–2008) | 82 | 59 (72) | 20 (24) | 8 (9.7) | |
Zamora-Legoff et al., 2016 [51] | Observational retrospective (1998–2014) | 167 | 105 (63) | 89 (53) | 33 (19) | |
Dawson et al., 2015 [55] | Observational prospective, 2 years | 29 | 10 (34) | 10 (35) | 4 (14) | |
Solomon et al., 2015 [44] | Observational retrospective (1995–2013) | 137 | 87 (64) | 108 (79) | 54 (39) | |
Dixon et al., 2010 [37] | Observational registry-based cohort study, 3.8 years | 14.113 | 10799 (76) | 160 (1.13) | ||
Wolfe et al., 2007 [70] | Case/control prospective, 3.6 years | 17498 | 100 (27) | |||
Kurata et al., 2019 [85] | Observational retrospective (2008–2017) | 49 | 14 (35) | 6 (12) | ||
Chen et al., 2020 [43] | Observational retrospective (2008–2017) | 241 | 88 (36) | 66 (27) | 39 (16) | |
Hyldgaard et al., 2017 [86] | Case/control prospective (2004–2015) | 679 | 26 (3.8) | |||
Koduri et al., 2010 [38] | Prospective cohort study (1986–1998) | 52 | 19 (36) | 39 (75) | ||
Tsuchiya et al., 2011 [63] | Observational retrospective (1996–2006) | 144 | 54 (37.5) | 7 (5) | 71 (49) | |
Song et al., 2012 [87] | Observational prospective (2002–2011) | 51 | 21 (41) | |||
Izuka et al., 2021 [58] | Observational retrospective (2007–2019) | 165 | 73 (44) | 70 (42) | 30 (18) | 13 (8) |
Nurmi et al., 2017 [49] | Observational retrospective (2000–2014) | 59 | 30 (51) | 31 (52) | 24 (41) | 27 (46) |
Oh et al., 2022 [50] | Observational retrospective (1999–2015) | 144 | 63 (44) | 53 (37) | 44 (30) | |
Hozumi et al., 2022 [56] | Observational retrospective (2007–2019) | 58 | 39 (67) | 34 (59) | 43 (74) | |
Cano-Jiménez et al., 2021 [54] | Observational retrospective (2013–2018) | 106 | 63 (60) | 55(61) | 53 (50) | 18 (17) |
Jacob et al., 2018 [57] | Observational retrospective (1995–2015) | 90 | 65 (72) | |||
Kelly et al., 2014 [88] | Observational retrospective (1987–2012) | 230 | 135 (59) | 103 (65) | 90 (57) | |
Ng et al., 2022 [69] | Observational retrospective (1997–2013) | 214 | 48 (22) | |||
Li et al., 2019 [52] | Observational retrospective (2008–2017) | 278 | 106 (38) | 91 (33) | 83 (29) | 53 (69) |
Juge et al., 2023 [89] | Observational retrospective (2013–2018) | 4330 | ||||
Brooks et al., 2022 [46] | Prospective cohort study, 2 years | 227 | 192 (85) | 147 (65) | 108 (47) | |
Rojas-Serrano et al., 2022 [90] | Observational prospective | 37 | ||||
Kim et al., 2020 [47] | Observational retrospective (1995–2018) | 84 | 37 (44) | 34 (40) | 33 (39) | |
Lee et al., 2016 [74] | Retrospective cohort study | 62 | 62 (100) | |||
Avouac et al.2020 [42] | Observational prospective study | 147 | 52 (35) | 21 (14) | 7 (4.7) | |
Ito et al., 2017 [53] | Observational retrospective (2007–2016) | 65 | 16 (24) | |||
Font et al., 2017 [64] | Longitudinal prospective (2007–2017) | 37 | 26(72) | 24(66) | 7 (19) | |
Nieto et al., 2021 [65] | Longitudinal prospective (2005–2018) | 47 | 25 (54) | 26 (55) | 10 (21) | 16 (34) |
Yang et al., 2019 [10] | Longitudinal prospective (1991–2011) | 77 | 4 (5) | 32 (48) | 27 (36) | |
Mena-Vázquez et al., 2024 [36] | Observational prospective (2015–2023) | 148 | 13 (18) | 46 (66) | 21 (30) | 1 (1.4) |
Kim et al., 2024 [73] | Observational retrospective (1995–2018) | 313 | 139 (45) | 202 (65) | 125 (40) | |
Chen et al., 2022 [43] | Observational prospective, 5 years | 60 | 3 (16) | 19 (49) | 4 (7) | |
Kelly et al., 2021 [88] | Observational retrospective (1990–2015) | 290 | 174 (60) | 200 (69) | 75 (28) | |
Venerito et al., 2022 [62] | Observational retrospective (2021–2022) | 30 | 18 (60) | 13 (43) | ||
Yamakawa et al., 2019 [91] | Observational retrospective (2012–2017) | 96 | 45 (47) | 21 (20) | 11 (11) | 25 (26) |
Ekici et al., 2021 [66] | Observational retrospective (2010–2018) | 156 | 67 (42) | 74 (47) | 40 (26) | |
Kakutani et al., 2020 [67] | Observational retrospective (2009–2014) | 261/2702 | 120 (46) | 120 (46) | 19 (7) | |
Wang et al., 2019 [39] | Observational retrospective (2016–2019) | 96 | 9 (20) | 18 (40) | 25 (56) | 4 (9) |
Tanaka et al., 2021 [71] | Observational retrospective (2010–2019) | 125 | 59 (50) | 32 (25) | 37 (29) | |
Kwon et al., 2022 [75] | Observational retrospective (2016–2022) | 310 | 87 (28) | 89 (29) | ||
Kang et al., 2020 [68] | Retrospective cohort (2006–2015) | 1999 | 759 (38) | 415 (21) | ||
Farquhar et al., 2024 [59] | Observational retrospective (2006–2008, 2011–2013) | 100 | 64 (64) | 38 (43) | 68 (73) | 26 (26) |
Marcoux et al., 2023 [79] | Observational prospective (2015–2018) | 181 | 112 (70) | 66 (73) | 39 (24) | |
Tyker et al., 2021 [45] | Observational retrospective (2006–2019) | 70 | 45 (64) | 47 (67) | 29 (70) |
Category | Potential Risk Factors | References | Effect Estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic features | Age * | [6,43,58] | OR 0.55–2.91, AUC 0.74 |
CDAI score * | [72] | OR 4.7 | |
Laboratory findings | ACPA ** | [6] | HR 3.94 |
KL-6 * | [40,41,42,71] | OR 1.00–72.7 | |
MMP13 ** | [43] | AUC 0.71 | |
CXCL11/I-TAC ** | [43] | AUC 0.67 | |
MUC5B mutation ** | [6] | HR 2.30 | |
Pulmonary function | FVC% pred ** | [51] | HR 3.42 |
DLCO% pred ** | [51] | HR 1.72 | |
Underlying radiological features | UIP pattern on HRCT * | [6,58] | OR 2.29–4.11 |
Pre-treatment | Corticosteroid * | [51] | HR 15.0 |
Nonbiologic DMARDs * | [40,58] | OR 1.75–.75 | |
Biologic DMARDs ** | [16,68] | HR 0.44–2.33 |
Category | Potential Risk Factors | References | Effect Estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic features | Age ** | [9,37,38,44,48,49,50,57,58,60,65,69] | HR 1.04–4.8 |
Male gender ** | [17,65,86] | HR 2.83–14.5 | |
Female gender ** | [17] | HR 3.6 | |
Smoking history ** | [44,60] | HR 2.58–3.17 | |
Low socioeconomic status * | [38] | HR 2.07 | |
The onset of ILD before RA onset | [17] | HR 8.4 | |
Disease activity | DAS28 score ** | [37] | HR 1.21–1.43 |
CDAI score * | [90] | HR 1.07 | |
MDHAQ score ** | [46] | HR 1.85 | |
Pain VAS * | [38] | HR 1.01 | |
Patient global assessment ** | [46] | HR 1.16 | |
Laboratory findings | RF * | [9,44,45] | HR 1.00–2.08 |
ESR ** | [38,46,50] | HR 1.01–1.15 | |
CRP ** | [46] | HR 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | |
LDH * | [9] | HR 1.05 | |
KL-6 ** | [47,74] | HR 1.00–3.23 | |
IL-6 ** | [74] | HR 1.04 | |
SP-D * | [48] | HR 1.0 | |
Pulmonary function | DLCO % pred ** | [44,46,49,50] | HR 0.97–1.77 |
FVC % pred ** | [44,46,47,50,53,56] | HR 0.97–4.43 | |
TLCO % pred ** | [50] | HR 0.97 | |
PaO2/FiO2 * | [56] | HR 0.94 | |
Underlying radiological features | ILD extent ** | [9,16,57,59] | HR 1.03–4.47 |
UIP ** | [10,44,47,50,58,73,79] | HR 2.44–5.84 | |
Honeycombing * | [48] | HR 2.49 | |
Radiomics * | [62] | HR 9.35 | |
DAD * | [63] | HR 2.88 | |
Emphysema * | [50,57] | HR 3.43–6.84 | |
Comorbidities | COPD ** | [69] | HR 2.12 |
Diabetes mellitus ** | [69] | HR 1.09 | |
Pre-treatment | Corticosteroid ** | [69] | HR 1.09 |
Nonbiologic DMARDs * | [9,58] | HR 0.16–5.53 | |
Biologic DMARDs ** | [49] | HR 0.44–2.33 | |
Acute exacerbations of ILD ** | [48] | HR 1.12–3.19 |
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Potential Risk Factors | Study | Effect Estimate |
---|---|---|
Age at ILD diagnosis ** | 44, 70 | HR 2.18; OR 1.7 |
Male gender ** | 70 | OR 2.2 |
Smoking history *** | 37, 70 | OR 1.7–6.13 |
DAS28 *** | 37 | OR 1.71 |
Arthritis onset ** | 44 | HR 1.87 |
KL-6 ** | 74 | HR 3.37 |
DLCO ** | 53 | OR 3.02 |
UIP pattern ** | 53 | OR 3.47 |
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema ** | 59 | OR 6.12 |
Preexisting rheumatic airway disease ** | 95 | OR 7.40 |
Prognostic Factor | References | Effect Estimate |
---|---|---|
Age ** | [10,38,43,44,48,50,52,54,65,67] | HR 1.04–5.02 |
Male gender ** | [70] | OR 2.5–18.13 |
Female gender ** | [53] | HR 6.8 |
Smoking history * | [67] | HR 1.06–3.89 |
Disease duration of RA ** | [50] | HR 1.3 |
ESR ** | [44] | HR 5.35 |
HAQ disability ** | [70] | OR 2.3 |
Steinbrocker class 3 or 4 ** | [67] | HR 2.1 |
FVC% pred * | [44] | HR 2.52 |
DLCO *** | [49,54] | HR 0.85–0.97 |
TLCO ** | [55] | HR 0.98 |
Final oxygen saturation in the 6MWT ** | [54] | HR 0.62 |
UIP pattern ** | [43,60,65,66,67] | HR 2.3–10.3 |
Non-UIP pattern ** | [67] | HR 4.9 |
ILD extent *** | [52,53] | HR 2.40–9.01 |
Radiological honeycombing ** | [48] | HR 3.69 |
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema ** | [57] | HR 2.16 |
Pleural effusion ** | [66] | HR 14.4 |
Corticosteroid * | [70] | HR 2.5 |
Immunosuppressive agents ** | [70] | HR 3.0 |
Withdrawal of MTX or LFN after ILD diagnosis ** | [54] | HR 2.18 |
Diagnostic delay of ILD ** | [54] | HR 1.11 |
PM10 * | [73] | HR 1.67 |
History of acute ILD exacerbations *** | [48,75] | HR 2.42–6.48 |
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Groseanu, L.; Niță, C. A Systematic Review of the Key Predictors of Progression and Mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1890. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171890
Groseanu L, Niță C. A Systematic Review of the Key Predictors of Progression and Mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(17):1890. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171890
Chicago/Turabian StyleGroseanu, Laura, and Cristina Niță. 2024. "A Systematic Review of the Key Predictors of Progression and Mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease" Diagnostics 14, no. 17: 1890. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171890