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Review

Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health

by
Deborah Traversi
1,*,
Alessandra Pulliero
2,
Alberto Izzotti
3,4,
Elena Franchitti
1,
Licia Iacoviello
5,6,
Francesco Gianfagna
5,7,
Alessandro Gialluisi
6,
Benedetta Izzi
6,
Antonella Agodi
8,
Martina Barchitta
8,
Giovanna Elisa Calabrò
9,
Ilda Hoxhaj
9,
Michele Sassano
9,
Luca Gino Sbrogiò
10,
Annamaria Del Sole
11,
Francesco Marchiori
12,
Erica Pitini
13,
Giuseppe Migliara
13,
Carolina Marzuillo
13,
Corrado De Vito
13,
Manuela Tamburro
14,
Michela Lucia Sammarco
14,
Giancarlo Ripabelli
14,
Paolo Villari
13 and
Stefania Boccia
9,15add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
2
Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
3
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
4
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 161632 Genova, Italy
5
Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
6
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
7
Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
8
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
9
Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
10
Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Az. ULSS3 Serenissima, 30174 Venezia, Italy
11
Dipartimento di Prevenzione, SIAN, Az. ULSS5, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
12
Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
13
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
14
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
15
Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health-Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(2), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135
Submission received: 18 December 2020 / Revised: 11 February 2021 / Accepted: 14 February 2021 / Published: 16 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of MicroRNA in Cancer Development and Treatment)
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Abstract

The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.
Keywords: public health genomics; genetic polymorphisms; epigenetic modulations; miRNA; genetic and microbiome markers; health technology assessment; early disease prevention public health genomics; genetic polymorphisms; epigenetic modulations; miRNA; genetic and microbiome markers; health technology assessment; early disease prevention
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MDPI and ACS Style

Traversi, D.; Pulliero, A.; Izzotti, A.; Franchitti, E.; Iacoviello, L.; Gianfagna, F.; Gialluisi, A.; Izzi, B.; Agodi, A.; Barchitta, M.; et al. Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135

AMA Style

Traversi D, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Franchitti E, Iacoviello L, Gianfagna F, Gialluisi A, Izzi B, Agodi A, Barchitta M, et al. Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(2):135. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135

Chicago/Turabian Style

Traversi, Deborah, Alessandra Pulliero, Alberto Izzotti, Elena Franchitti, Licia Iacoviello, Francesco Gianfagna, Alessandro Gialluisi, Benedetta Izzi, Antonella Agodi, Martina Barchitta, and et al. 2021. "Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135

APA Style

Traversi, D., Pulliero, A., Izzotti, A., Franchitti, E., Iacoviello, L., Gianfagna, F., Gialluisi, A., Izzi, B., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., Calabrò, G. E., Hoxhaj, I., Sassano, M., Sbrogiò, L. G., Del Sole, A., Marchiori, F., Pitini, E., Migliara, G., Marzuillo, C., ... Boccia, S. (2021). Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135

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