Next Article in Journal
Prediction of Mortality after Burn Surgery in Critically Ill Burn Patients Using Machine Learning Models
Previous Article in Journal
Precision Medicine for Chronic Diseases: Focus on Lifestyle Changes
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
JPM
Volume 12
Issue 8
10.3390/jpm12081292
jpm-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review

by
Shadma Wahab
1,*,
Dalia Almaghaslah
2,
Syed Esam Mahmood
3,
Md Faruque Ahmad
4,
Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
4,
Yahya M. Abu Haddash
4,
Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
5,
Irfan Ahamd
6,
Wasim Ahmad
7,
Mohammad Khalid
8,
Shazia Usmani
9,
Md Parwez Ahmad
10 and
Umme Hani
11
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
7
Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
9
Herbal Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
10
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Maldives National University, Male 20402, Maldives
11
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
 
add Show full affiliation list
 
remove Hide full affiliation list
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081292
Submission received: 23 May 2022 / Revised: 25 July 2022 / Accepted: 1 August 2022 / Published: 6 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Mortality and morbidity from influenza and other respiratory viruses are significant causes of concern worldwide. Infections in the respiratory tract are often underappreciated because they tend to be mild and incapacitated. On the other hand, these infections are regarded as a common concern in clinical practice. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, albeit this is becoming more challenging since many of the more prevalent infection causes have acquired a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance to frontline treatment medications is constantly rising, necessitating the development of new antiviral agents. Probiotics are one of several medications explored to treat respiratory viral infection (RVI). As a result, certain probiotics effectively prevent gastrointestinal dysbiosis and decrease the likelihood of secondary infections. Various probiotic bacterias and their metabolites have shown immunomodulating and antiviral properties. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which probiotics are effective in the fight against viral infections are sometimes unclear. This comprehensive review has addressed probiotic strains, dosage regimens, production procedures, delivery systems, and pre-clinical and clinical research. In particular, novel probiotics’ fight against RVIs is the impetus for this study. Finally, this review may explore the potential of probiotic bacterias and their metabolites to treat RVIs. It is expected that probiotic-based antiviral research would be benefitted from this review’s findings.
Keywords: probiotics; viral infections; respiratory viral infections; immunomodulatory effects; SARS-CoV-2; probiotics delivery probiotics; viral infections; respiratory viral infections; immunomodulatory effects; SARS-CoV-2; probiotics delivery
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wahab, S.; Almaghaslah, D.; Mahmood, S.E.; Ahmad, M.F.; Alsayegh, A.A.; Abu Haddash, Y.M.; Rahman, M.A.; Ahamd, I.; Ahmad, W.; Khalid, M.; et al. Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081292

AMA Style

Wahab S, Almaghaslah D, Mahmood SE, Ahmad MF, Alsayegh AA, Abu Haddash YM, Rahman MA, Ahamd I, Ahmad W, Khalid M, et al. Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(8):1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081292

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wahab, Shadma, Dalia Almaghaslah, Syed Esam Mahmood, Md Faruque Ahmad, Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh, Yahya M. Abu Haddash, Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman, Irfan Ahamd, Wasim Ahmad, Mohammad Khalid, and et al. 2022. "Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 8: 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081292

APA Style

Wahab, S., Almaghaslah, D., Mahmood, S. E., Ahmad, M. F., Alsayegh, A. A., Abu Haddash, Y. M., Rahman, M. A., Ahamd, I., Ahmad, W., Khalid, M., Usmani, S., Ahmad, M. P., & Hani, U. (2022). Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(8), 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081292

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop