Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Intratubular Radicular Dentin Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste, and Nitrofurantoin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Medicaments
2.1.1. Calcium Hydroxide
2.1.2. Triple Antibiotic
2.1.3. Nitrofurantoin
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen | Groups (n = 20) | Intracanal Medicament |
---|---|---|
n = 60 | Group 1 | Calcium hydroxide paste (Prevest DenPro Limited, Bari Brahmana, Jammu, India) |
Group 2 | Triple antibiotic paste Metronidazole (J.B. Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India) Ciprofloxacin (Sun Pharmaceutical India Ltd., Mumbai, India) Minocycline (Sun Pharmaceutical India Ltd., Mumbai, India) | |
Group 3 | Nitrofurantoin paste (Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Majhitar, Sikkim, India) |
Groups | Overall | Tukey’s Post Hoc Test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | I vs. II | I vs. III | II vs. III | |||
I—Calcium hydroxide | 399.2230 | 137.96098 | Mean difference | −144.94117 | −428.98533 | −308.9595 | |
II—Triple antibiotic | 798.1642 | 182.56640 | Standard error | 31.05971 | 31.05971 | 31.05971 | |
III—Nitrofurantoin | 828.2083 | 207.27545 | Lower bound | −218.3538 | −502.3980 | −357.4568 | |
ANOVA | F VALUE | 98.724 | Upper bound | −71.5285 | −355.5727 | −210.6315 | |
p VALUE | 0.001 * | p value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
Groups | Coronal | Tukey’s Post Hoc Test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | I vs. II | I vs. III | II vs. III | |||
I—Calcium hydroxide | 518.3950 | 67.75172 | Mean difference | −164.0965 | −473.0560 | −308.9595 | |
II—Triple antibiotic | 950.4915 | 123.29037 | Standard error | 32.82038 | 32.82038 | 32.82038 | |
III—Nitrofurantoin | 991.4510 | 146.95458 | Lower bound | −243.0761 | −552.0356 | −387.9391 | |
ANOVA | F VALUE | 107.121 | Upper bound | −85.1169 | −394.0764 | −229.9799 | |
p VALUE | 0.001 * | p value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
Groups | Middle | Tukey’s Post Hoc Test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | I vs. II | I vs. III | II vs. III | |||
I—Calcium hydroxide | 236.8890 | 51.90199 | Mean difference | −137.7545 | −387.6195 | −249.8650 | |
II—Triple antibiotic | 374.6435 | 110.46255 | Standard error | 32.84964 | 32.84964 | 32.84964 | |
III—Nitrofurantoin | 624.5085 | 132.20125 | Lower bound | −216.8045 | −466.6695 | −328.9150 | |
ANOVA | F VALUE | 71.559 | Upper bound | −58.7045 | −308.5695 | −170.8150 | |
p VALUE | 0.001 * | p value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
Groups | Apical | Tukey’s Post Hoc Test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | I vs. II | I vs. III | II vs. III | |||
I—Calcium hydroxide | 442.3850 | 84.67199 | Mean difference | −132.9725 | −426.2805 | −293.308 | |
II—Triple antibiotic | 825.3575 | 115.72070 | Standard error | 34.35365 | 34.35365 | 34.35365 | |
III—Nitrofurantoin | 868.6655 | 144.52619 | Lower bound | −215.6418 | −508.9498 | −375.9773 | |
ANOVA | F VALUE | 80.617 | Upper bound | −50.3032 | −343.6112 | −210.6387 | |
p VALUE | 0.001 * | p value | 0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.001 * |
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Khanvilkar, U.; Pawar, S.; Bandekar, S.; Dhok, V.; Arora, S.; Pawar, A.M.; Pagnoni, F.; Reda, R.; Testarelli, L. Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Intratubular Radicular Dentin Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste, and Nitrofurantoin. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111554
Khanvilkar U, Pawar S, Bandekar S, Dhok V, Arora S, Pawar AM, Pagnoni F, Reda R, Testarelli L. Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Intratubular Radicular Dentin Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste, and Nitrofurantoin. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(11):1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111554
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhanvilkar, Unmesh, Sanika Pawar, Siddhesh Bandekar, Vaishnavi Dhok, Suraj Arora, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Francesco Pagnoni, Rodolfo Reda, and Luca Testarelli. 2023. "Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Intratubular Radicular Dentin Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste, and Nitrofurantoin" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 11: 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111554