Identification of Osteosarcopenia by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Diagnosis of Osteoporosis and Grouping
2.3. Diagnosis of Sarcopenia
2.4. HR-pQCT Measurement
- Ct.PoV = segmented pore volume
- Ct.BV = mineralized cortical bone volume
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Discriminating Subjects with Different Health Status Using HR-pQCT
3.2. Differences between Osteoporotic (O) and Osteosarcopenic (OS) Subjects by HR-pQCT
Discriminating OS from O Subjects in Mixed Sex Analysis with Validation
- ExtT = Extended cortical analysis of the tibia
- StdT = Standard analysis of the tibia
- BmT = Biomechanical analysis of the tibia
- Ct.Po = Cortical porosity
- Ct.Pm = Cortical periosteal perimeter
- Dtrab = Trabecular bone density
- (Tb.F/TF)Prox = Ratio between the load supported by trabecular bone and the load supported by the whole bone at the proximal end
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Male | Healthy | Osteopenia/Osteoporosis | Sarcopenia | Osteosarcopenia | ||||||||
n | Mean ± SD | Range | n | Mean ± SD | Range | n | Mean ± SD | Range | n | Mean ± SD | Range | |
T-score Total Spine | 195 | 1.1 ± 1.4 | (−1, 6.1) | 93 | −0.8 ± 1.1 | (−2.8, 2.4) | 34 | 1.4 ± 1.6 | (−1, 5.8) | 34 | −1.2 ± 1.4 | (−3.3, 4.1) |
T-score Total Hip | 195 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | (−1, 4.2) | 93 | −0.4 ± 0.6 | (−1.9, 1.4) | 34 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | (−1.2, 2) | 34 | −0.9 ± 0.6 | (−2.4, −0.1) |
Female | Healthy | Osteopenia/Osteoporosis | Sarcopenia | Osteosarcopenia | ||||||||
n | Mean ± SD | Range | n | Mean ± SD | Range | n | Mean ± SD | Range | n | Mean ± SD | Range | |
T-score Total Spine | 88 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | (−1, 7.4) | 94 | −1.6 ± 1 | (−3.9, 1.4) | 13 | 0 ± 0.8 | (−0.9, 1.8) | 59 | −2 ± 1.1 | (−4.9, 0.2) |
T-score Total Hip | 88 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | (−0.8, 3.7) | 94 | −0.4 ± 0.8 | (−2.4, 2.3) | 13 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | (−0.7, 1.7) | 59 | −1 ± 0.9 | (−3.2, 1.1) |
Radius | Tibia | Demographics | |
---|---|---|---|
Extended cortical analysis | Ct. Pore Volume, mm3 | Total volumetric BMD, mgHA/cm3 | |
Structural Model Index | Ct. BMD, mgHA/cm3 | ||
Trab. Number, per mm | Ct. Bone volume, mm3 | ||
Trab. Thickness, mm | Ct. Pore Volume, mm3 | ||
Total section modulus relative to larger main axis of inertia, mm3 | Ct. Pore Diameter, mm | ||
Trab. Number, per mm | |||
Trab. BMD, mgHA/cm3 | |||
Standard analysis | Trab. Area, mm2 | Trab. Area, mm2 | |
Average Bone Density, mgHA/cm3 | Trab. Thickness, mm | ||
Compact Bone Density, mgHA/cm3 | |||
Meta/Inn | |||
Biomechanical analysis | Ratio between load supported by trabecular bone versus whole bone, at the distal end ((Trab.F/TF)dist) | Ct.VM | |
Average equivalent strain cortical bone | Standard deviation of Trab.VM | ||
Ct.VM | |||
Standard deviation of Ct.VM | |||
Others | Age | ||
Sex |
(A) | Classification | Correct Classification | AUC (95% CI) | |||
Healthy | Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | Sarcopenia | Osteosarcopenia | |||
Healthy | 191 | 61 | - | - | 75.8% | - |
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | 16 | 129 | - | - | 89.0% | - |
80.6% | 0.90 (0.87–0.93) | |||||
Healthy | 190 | - | 62 | - | 75.4% | - |
Sarcopenia | 5 | - | 36 | - | 87.8% | - |
77.1% | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | |||||
Healthy | 229 | - | - | 23 | 90.9% | - |
Osteosarcopenia | 7 | - | - | 66 | 90.4% | - |
90.8% | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | |||||
(B) | Classification | Correct Classification | AUC (95% CI) | |||
Negative | Positive | |||||
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia versus Rest | Negative (Healthy/Sarcopenia) | 213 | 80 | 72.7% | - | |
Positive (Osteoporosis/Osteopenia) | 20 | 125 | 86.2% | - | ||
77.2% | 0.88 (0.84–0.91) | |||||
Sarcopenia versus Rest | Negative (Healthy/Osteoporosis/Osteopenia) | 244 | 153 | 61.5% | - | |
Positive (Sarcopenia) | 4 | 37 | 90.2% | - | ||
64.2% | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) |
β | S.E. | Wald | β | S.E. | Odds Ratio | Sig. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z-Distribution Standardization | ||||||||
Extended cortical analysis (tibia) | Cortical porosity, % | 13.26 | 7.58 | 3.06 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 1.44 | 0.08 |
Standard analysis (tibia) | Cortical periosteal perimeter, mm | −0.18 | 0.04 | 25.36 | −1.76 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.00 ** |
Trabecular bone density, mgHA/cm3 | −0.03 | 0.01 | 12.92 | −1.01 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.00 ** | |
Biomechanical analysis (tibia) | Ratio between load supported by trabecular bone versus whole bone, at the proximal end (Tb.F/TF) | 8.61 | 3.46 | 6.18 | 0.65 | 0.26 | 1.92 | 0.01 * |
Age | 0.06 | 0.02 | 7.62 | - | - | 1.06 | 0.01 ** | |
Sex Ŧ | −2.54 | 0.68 | 13.86 | - | - | 12.70 | 0.00 ** | |
Constant | 18.27 | 4.84 | 14.23 | - | - | - | 0.00 ** |
(A) Disease Status (Regression Group) | Classification | |||
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | Osteo-Sarcopenia | Total | Correct% | |
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | 109 | 36 | 145 | 75.2% |
Osteosarcopenia | 18 | 55 | 73 | 75.3% |
75.2% | ||||
(B) Disease Status (Validation Group) | Classification | |||
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | Osteo-Sarcopenia | Total | Correct% | |
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | 38 | 11 | 49 | 77.6% |
Osteosarcopenia | 6 | 19 | 25 | 76.0% |
77.0% |
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Cheng, K.Y.-K.; Chow, S.K.-H.; Hung, V.W.-Y.; Tsang, Z.T.-L.; Yip, B.H.-K.; Wong, R.M.Y.; Zhang, N.; Qin, L.; Law, S.-W.; Cheung, W.-H. Identification of Osteosarcopenia by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090935
Cheng KY-K, Chow SK-H, Hung VW-Y, Tsang ZT-L, Yip BH-K, Wong RMY, Zhang N, Qin L, Law S-W, Cheung W-H. Identification of Osteosarcopenia by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(9):935. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090935
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Keith Yu-Kin, Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow, Vivian Wing-Yin Hung, Zoey Tsz-Lok Tsang, Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip, Ronald Man Yeung Wong, Ning Zhang, Ling Qin, Sheung-Wai Law, and Wing-Hoi Cheung. 2024. "Identification of Osteosarcopenia by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 9: 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090935