The Competitive Mating of Irradiated Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys, for the Sterile Insect Technique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment 1. Male Dose Response
2.2. Experiment 2. Overflooding
2.3. Experiment 3. Overflooding and Competition
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Experiment 1
3.2. Experiment 2. Overflooding with Older and Virgin Males
3.3. Experiment 3. Overflooding and Egg Sterility over Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gy | Batches | Eggs Per Batch | Eggs Laid | Hatched | Percentage Hatch | Corrected Hatch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 58 | 26 (25–27) | 1480 | 1360 | 92% | |
16 | 53 | 25 (23–26) | 1319 | 664 | 50% | 54.4% |
24 | 36 | 26 (24–28) | 853 | 287 | 34% | 37.0% |
32 | 36 | 24 (22–26) | 871 | 231 | 27% | 29.4% |
Treatment | Male Type | Egg Status | Number of Batches | Total Eggs | Observed Hatch | Expected Hatch | X2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virgin males (5:1) | ||||||||
16 Gy | 5 ir males:1 male:5 virgin females | Laid | 21 | 557 | 42% | 62% 1 | 96.2 | <0.0001 |
Hatched | 233 | |||||||
Control | 5 males:5 virgin females | Laid | 4 | 72 | 85% | 100% | ||
Hatched | 61 | |||||||
Overwintered males (5:1) | ||||||||
16 Gy | 5 ir males:1 male:5 virgin females | Laid | 26 | 447 | 61% 2 | 62% 1 | 0.09 | 0.75 |
Hatched | 274 | |||||||
Control | 5 males:5 virgin females | Laid | 14 | 295 | 94% | 100% | ||
Hatched | 277 |
Treatment Using Virgin Males and Females | Number of Batches | Total Eggs | Eggs Hatched | Observed Hatch % | Expected Hatch % | X2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 ir males:1 male:5 females | 18 | 398 | 207 | 52.0 | 62 1 | 16.86 | 0.0001 |
5 ir males:5 females | 15 | 373 | 148 | 39.7 | 54 2 | 30.80 | 0.0001 |
5 males:5 females | 33 | 794 | 646 | 81.4 | 100 |
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Suckling, D.M.; Cristofaro, M.; Roselli, G.; Levy, M.C.; Cemmi, A.; Mazzoni, V.; Stringer, L.D.; Zeni, V.; Ioriatti, C.; Anfora, G. The Competitive Mating of Irradiated Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys, for the Sterile Insect Technique. Insects 2019, 10, 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110411
Suckling DM, Cristofaro M, Roselli G, Levy MC, Cemmi A, Mazzoni V, Stringer LD, Zeni V, Ioriatti C, Anfora G. The Competitive Mating of Irradiated Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys, for the Sterile Insect Technique. Insects. 2019; 10(11):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110411
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuckling, David Maxwell, Massimo Cristofaro, Gerardo Roselli, Mary Claire Levy, Alessia Cemmi, Valerio Mazzoni, Lloyd Damien Stringer, Valeria Zeni, Claudio Ioriatti, and Gianfranco Anfora. 2019. "The Competitive Mating of Irradiated Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys, for the Sterile Insect Technique" Insects 10, no. 11: 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110411