Monitoring Dermacentor reticulatus Host-Seeking Activity in Natural Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Tick Surveillance
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Seasonal Abundance and Activity of D. reticulatus Ticks
3.2. Repetitive Host-Seeking Activity of D. reticulatus Ticks
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Plot | No. of Tick | Sex | Collection Date | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25.03 | 01.04 | 08.04 | 15.04 | 23.04 | 30.04 | 08.05 | 15.05 | 02.09 | 16.09 | 23.09 | 30.09 | 07.10 | 14.10 | 25.10 | 04.11 | |||
A | 1 | M | ● | ● | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2 | F | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
3 | F | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | |
4 | F | ● | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | |
5 | F | ● | ● | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
6 | M | - | - | ● | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
7 | F | ● | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
8 | F | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
9 | F | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
10 | F | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
B | 1 | F | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - |
2 | M | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | |
3 | F | - | ● | - | - | ● | - | - | ● | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | |
4 | M | - | ● | - | ● | - | - | ● | - | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | |
5 | F | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | ● | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
6 | M | ● | ● | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
7 | F | - | ● | ● | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
8 | M | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | ● | - | - | - | |
9 | F | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | |
10 | F | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | |
C | 1 | M | ● | ● | ● | ● | - | ● | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● |
2 | M | - | - | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | |
3 | F | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | ● | - | - | ● | - | |
4 | F | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | ● | ● | ● | ● | - | |
5 | F | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | ● | ● | |
6 | F | ● | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
7 | F | ● | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | - | |
8 | M | ● | - | ● | - | ● | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | - | - | - | - | |
9 | M | ● | - | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | ● | - | ● | - | |
10 | M | - | ● | - | - | - | - | - | - | ● | - | ● | ● | ● | - | - | - |
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Plot | Sex | n | Number of Active Ticks | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Av | SD | Me | Min | Max | |||
A | F | 16 | 152 | 13.1 | ±9.0 | 11.5 | 3 | 35 |
B | 16 | 40 | 5.9 | ±3.0 | 6.0 | 2 | 12 | |
C | 16 | 63 | 9.9 | ±2.8 | 10.0 | 5 | 14 | |
A | M | 16 | 120 | 10.4 | ±9.3 | 8.0 | 0 | 38 |
B | 16 | 31 | 4.3 | ±2.7 | 4.5 | 1 | 10 | |
C | 16 | 37 | 6.3 | ±3.3 | 6.5 | 0 | 12 | |
A | F+M | 16 | 272 | 23.5 | ±17.7 | 18.0 | 6 | 73 |
B | 16 | 71 | 10.3 | ±4.3 | 10.0 | 4 | 18 | |
C | 16 | 100 | 16.2 | ±5.6 | 17.5 | 6 | 25 |
Repetitions | Plot A | Plot B | Plot C | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F n = 152 | M n = 120 | F+M n = 272 | F n = 40 | M n = 31 | F+M n = 71 | F n = 63 | M n = 37 | F+M n = 100 | ||||||||||
n | P [%] | n | P [%] | n | P [%] | n | P [%] | N | P [%] | n | P [%] | n | P [%] | n | P [%] | n | P [%] | |
1× | 108 | 71.1 | 82 | 68.3 | 190 | 69.9 | 10 | 25.0 | 11 | 35.5 | 21 | 29.6 | 24 | 38.1 | 8 | 21.6 | 32 | 32.0 |
2× | 34 | 22.4 | 33 | 27.5 | 67 | 24.6 | 16 | 40.0 | 9 | 29.0 | 25 | 35.2 | 9 | 14.3 | 14 | 37.8 | 23 | 23.0 |
3× | 6 | 3.9 | 3 | 2.5 | 9 | 3.3 | 7 | 17.5 | 6 | 19.4 | 13 | 18.3 | 14 | 22.2 | 3 | 8.1 | 17 | 17.0 |
4× | 4 | 2.6 | 1 | 0.8 | 5 | 1.8 | 3 | 7.5 | 3 | 9.7 | 6 | 8.5 | 9 | 14.3 | 7 | 18.9 | 16 | 16.0 |
5× | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.4 | 4 | 10.0 | 2 | 6.6 | 6 | 8.5 | 4 | 6.3 | 3 | 8.1 | 7 | 7.0 |
6× | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 4.8 | 1 | 2.7 | 4 | 4.0 |
7× | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.7 | 1 | 1.0 |
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Zając, Z.; Bartosik, K.; Woźniak, A. Monitoring Dermacentor reticulatus Host-Seeking Activity in Natural Conditions. Insects 2020, 11, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11050264
Zając Z, Bartosik K, Woźniak A. Monitoring Dermacentor reticulatus Host-Seeking Activity in Natural Conditions. Insects. 2020; 11(5):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11050264
Chicago/Turabian StyleZając, Zbigniew, Katarzyna Bartosik, and Aneta Woźniak. 2020. "Monitoring Dermacentor reticulatus Host-Seeking Activity in Natural Conditions" Insects 11, no. 5: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11050264