Forensic Entomology in China and Its Challenges
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Origin and Development of Forensic Entomology in China
1.1. Species Identification
1.2. Temperature-Dependent Development of Sarcosaprophagous Insects
1.3. Faunal Succession of Insects
1.4. Forensic Entomotoxicology in China
2. Applications of Forensic Entomology in China
3. Challenges for Forensic Entomology in China and Proposed Countermeasures
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Tzu, S. Washing Away of Wrongs; Shanghai Classics Publishing House: Shanghai, China, 1981. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, J. Practical Forensic Entomology; Xi’an Jiaotong University Press: Xi’an, China, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Hu, C. Forensic Entomology; Chongqing Publishing House: Chongqing, China, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Goff, M.L. A Fly for the Prosecution: How Insect Evidence Helps Solve Crimes; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Byrd, J.H.; Castner, J.L. Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations; CRC Press: New York, NY, USA, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Harvey, M.L.; Gaudieri, S.; Villet, M.H.; Dadour, I.R. A global study of forensically significant calliphorids: Implications for identification. Forensic Sci. Int. 2008, 177, 66–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, W.Y.; Hung, T.H.; Shiao, S.F. Molecular identification of forensically important blow fly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Taiwan. J. Med. Entomol. 2004, 41, 47–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gan, Y. Chrysomya in China. Acta Entomol. Sin. 1958, 8, 340–350. [Google Scholar]
- Fan, Z. The identification keys of common fly larvae in Shanghai. Acta Entomol. Sin. 1957, 1, 405–422. [Google Scholar]
- Ma, D.; Fan, Z. Studies on flies in Xinjiang: Calliphoridae and Muscidae. Bull. Dis. Control Prev. 1998, 13, 33–37. [Google Scholar]
- Fan, Z. Calliphora in China. Acta Entomol. Sin. 1957, 5, 321–348. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, M. Studies on the common larvae of flesh flies in China. Entomotax 1982, 6, 99–112. [Google Scholar]
- Xue, W. One new species and three new records of the genus Hydrotaea (Diptera: Muscidae) from China. Acta Entomol. Sin. 1976, 1, 109–111. [Google Scholar]
- Xue, W.; Verves, Y.G.; Du, J. A review of subtribe Boettcheriscina Verves 1990 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with descriptions of a new species and genus from China. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2011, 47, 303–329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, F. Sarcophagidae in Shanghai. Acta Entomol. Sin. 1952, 1, 60–86. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, S.F.; Liu, Y.P. A study on six species of Dermestidae. Acta Zhengzhou Grain Coll. 1985, 3, 76–80. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, S.F.; Liu, Y.P. Histeridae associated with stored products: III. Species of genus Saprinus and Gnathoncus. J. Jilin Grain Coll. 1992, 3, 1–6. [Google Scholar]
- Fan, Z.D. The Keys of Common Flies of China; Science Press: Beijing, China, 1992. [Google Scholar]
- Xue, W.; Zhao, J. Flies of China; Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House: Shenyang, China, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- Fan, Z.D. Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Diptera: Calliphoridae. Diptera: Calliphoridae; Science Press: Beijing, China, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, S.F.; Liu, Y.P.; Wu, T.C. Beetles Associated with Stored Products in China; China Agriculture Science and Technology Press: Beijing, China, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Ji, Y. The Carrion Beetles of China (Coleoptera: Silphidae); China Forestry Press: Beijing, China, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Li, L. Atlas of Chinese Beetles: Staphylinidae; Straits Publishing Group: Fuzhou, China, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, W.; Shang, Y.; Ren, L.; Xie, K.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, C.; Sun, S.; Wang, Y.; Zha, L.; Guo, Y. Developing a MtSNP-based genotyping system for genetic identification of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Forensic Sci. Int. 2018, 290, 178–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Su, R.N.; Guo, Y.D.; Xie, D.; Peng, Y.L.; Sheng, L.H. Identification of forensically important beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) in China based on 16S rRNA and Cyt b. Trop. Biomed. 2013, 30, 375–387. [Google Scholar]
- Meng, F.; Ren, L.; Wang, Z.; Deng, J.; Guo, Y.; Chen, C.; Finkelbergs, D.; Cai, J. Identification of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in China based on COI. J. Med. Entomol. 2017, 54, 1193–1200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Q.L.; Cai, J.F.; Chang, Y.F.; Gu, Y.; Guo, Y.D.; Wang, X.H.; Weng, J.F.; Zhong, M.; Wang, X.; Yang, L. Identification of forensically important blow fly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in China by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene differentiation. Insect Sci. 2011, 18, 554–564. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, Y.D.; Cai, J.F.; Meng, F.M.; Chang, Y.F.; Gu, Y.; Lan, L.M.; Liang, L.; Wen, J.F. Identification of forensically important flesh flies based on a shorter fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in China. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2012, 26, 307–313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, Y.; Zha, L.; Yan, W.; Li, P.; Cai, J.; Wu, L. Identification of forensically important sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China based on COI and period gene. Int. J. Legal Med. 2014, 128, 221–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guo, Y.; Cai, J.; Chang, Y.; Li, X.; Liu, Q.; Wang, X.; Wang, X.; Zhong, M.; Wen, J.; Wang, J. Identification of forensically important sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China, based on COI and 16S rDNA gene sequences. J. Forensic Sci. 2011, 56, 1534–1540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guo, Y.D.; Cai, J.F.; Li, X.; Xiong, F.; Su, R.N.; Chen, F.L.; Liu, Q.L.; Wang, X.H.; Chang, Y.F.; Zhong, M.; et al. Identification of the forensically important sarcophagid flies Boerttcherisca peregrina, Parasarcophaga albiceps and Parasarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) based on COII gene in China. Trop. Biomed. 2010, 27, 451–460. [Google Scholar]
- Ren, L.; Chen, W.; Shang, Y.; Meng, F.; Zha, L.; Wang, Y.; Guo, Y. The application of COI gene for species identification of forensically important muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 2018, 55, 1150–1159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, Z.; Ren, L.; Leng, J.; Shang, Y.; Zhu, G. The complete mitochondrial genome of Chrysomya nigripes (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Mitochondrial DNA B 2019, 4, 4012–4013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shang, Y.; Ren, L.; Chen, W.; Zha, L.; Cai, J.; Dong, J.; Guo, Y. Comparative mitogenomic analysis of forensically important Sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and implications of species identification. J. Med. Entomol. 2019, 56, 392–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ye, G.; Li, K.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, G.; Hu, C. Cuticular hydrocarbon composition in pupal exuviae for taxonomic differentiation of six necrophagous flies. J. Med. Entomol. 2007, 44, 450–456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grzywacz, A.; Hall, M.J.; Pape, T.; Szpila, K. Muscidae (Diptera) of forensic importance—An identification key to third instar larvae of the western Palaearctic region and a catalogue of the muscid carrion community. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017, 131, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lutz, L.; Williams, K.A.; Villet, M.H.; Ekanem, M.; Szpila, K. Species identification of adult African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017, 132, 831–842. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Díaz-Aranda, L.M.; Martín-Vega, D.; Baz, A.; Cifrián, B. Larval identification key to necrophagous Coleoptera of medico-legal importance in the western Palaearctic. Int. J. Legal Med. 2018, 132, 1795–1804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sukontason, K.; Bunchu, N.; Chaiwong, T.; Moophayak, K.; Sukontason, K.L. Forensically important flesh fly species in Thailand: Morphology and developmental rate. Parasitol. Res. 2010, 106, 1055–1064. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Amendt, J.; Richards, C.S.; Campobasso, C.P.; Zehner, R.; Hall, M.J.R. Forensic entomology: Applications and limitations. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2011, 7, 379–392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, Y.K.; Hu, C.; Min, J.X. Effects of temperature on the growth and development of four common necrophagous flies and their significance in forensic medicine. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 1998, 13, 81–84. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, J.F. Fundamental Research on the Application of Morphology and Development Patterns of Some Necrophagous Flies in the Determination of Postmortem Interval; Zhejiang University: Zhejiang, China, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Li, Y. Effect of Temperature on the Growth and Development of the Larvae of Lucilia Sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its Significance in Forensic Medicine; Hebei Medical University: Shijiazhuang, China, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, L.; Liu, B.; Ze-Min, L.I. Chronometrical morphology changes of larval cephalopharyngeal skeleton in the different developmental stages of Parasarcophaga crassipalpis and its application in forensic medicine. Chin. Bull. Entomol. 2008, 45, 133–137. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, B.; Wang, L.; Wang, H.; Wang, W.; Qi, L.; Li, Z. Morphological changes of Lucilia sericata larvae and its significance in forensic medicine. Chin. J. Vector Biol. Control 2009, 20, 534–537. [Google Scholar]
- Amendt, J.; Campobasso, C.P.; Gaudry, E.; Reiter, C.; LeBlanc, H.N., Jr.; Hall, M. Best practice in forensic entomology—Standards and guidelines. Int. J. Legal Med. 2007, 121, 90–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Y.; Li, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, M.; Yang, L.; Tao, L.; Zhang, Y.; Hou, Y.; Chu, J.; Hou, Z. Development of the green bottle fly Lucilia illustris at constant temperatures. Forensic Sci. Int. 2016, 267, 136–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, Y.; Li, X.; Shao, R.; Lyu, Z.; Li, H.; Li, G.; Xu, L.; Wan, L. Developmental times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at constant temperatures and applications in forensic entomology. J. Forensic Sci. 2016, 61, 1278–1284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Shang, Y.; Ren, L.; Chen, W.; Wang, S.; Guo, Y. Development of Sarcophaga dux (diptera: Sarcophagidae) at constant temperatures and differential gene expression for age estimation of the pupae. J. Therm. Biol. 2020, 93, 102735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Y.; Lyu, Z.; Li, X.; Li, K.; Yao, L.; Wan, L. Technical note: Development of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at constant temperatures: Applications in estimating postmortem interval. Forensic Sci. Int. 2015, 253, 48–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, L.; Wang, Y.; Li, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Chu, J.; Liu, K.; Hou, Y.; Tao, L. Temperature-dependent development of Parasarcophaga similis (Meade 1876) and its significance in estimating postmortem interval. J. Forensic Sci. 2017, 62, 1234–1243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Wang, J.F.; Zhang, Y.N.; Tao, L.Y.; Wang, M. Forensically important Boettcherisca peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China: Development pattern and significance for estimating postmortem interval. J. Med. Entomol. 2017, 54, 1491–1497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, C.; Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Yang, L.; Chu, J.; Wang, J. Development of Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at constant temperatures. J. Med. Entomol. 2018, 55, 1402–1409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Tao, L.; Wang, J. Development of Musca domestica at constant temperatures and a first case report about its application in the estimation of the minimum postmortem interval. Forensic Sci. Int. 2018, 285, 172–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Sun, J.; Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Amendt, J.; Wang, J. Temperature-dependent development of the blow fly Chrysomya pinguis and its significance in estimating postmortem interval. Roy. Soc. Open Sci. 2019, 6, 1900039. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, Y.; Hu, G.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, M.; Amendt, J.; Wang, J. Development of Muscina stabulans at constant temperatures with implications for minimum postmortem interval estimation. Forensic Sci. Int. 2019, 298, 71–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, M.; Wang, Y.; Hu, G.; Wang, Y.; Xu, W.; Wu, M.; Wang, J. Development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) under constant temperatures and its significance for the estimation of time of death. J. Med. Entomol. 2020, 57, 1373–1381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, G.; Wang, Y.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, M.; Wang, J. Development of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at constant temperatures within its colony range in Yangtze River Delta Region of China. J. Med. Entomol. 2019, 56, 1215–1224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, M.; Hu, G.; Fu, Y.; Zhi, R.; Wang, J. Development of Hydrotaea spinigera at constant temperatures and its significance for estimating postmortem interval. J. Med. Entomol. 2021, 58, 56–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martín-Vega, D.; Simonsen, T.J.; Wicklein, M.; Hall, M.J. Age estimation during the blow fly intra-puparial period: A qualitative and quantitative approach using micro-computed tomography. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017, 131, 1429–1448. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Brown, K.; Thorne, A.; Harvey, M. Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) pupae: A timeline of external morphological development and a new age and PMI estimation tool. Int. J. Legal Med. 2015, 129, 835–850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, H.; Wang, L. Pupal morphogenesis of Lucilia cuprina in different constant temperatures and its significance in forensic medicine. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 2002, 23, 324–326. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yang, L.; Tao, L.; Wang, J. Development of Chrysomya megacephala at constant temperatures within its colony range in Yangtze River Delta region of China. Forensic Sci. Res. 2018, 3, 74–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Feng, D.; Wu, J.; Sun, D. Intrapuparial age estimation of forensically important Dohrniphora cornuta (Diptera: Phoridae). J. Med. Entomol. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J. Intra-puparial development and age estimation of forensically important Hermetia illucens (L.). J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 2016, 19, 233–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, D.; Liu, G. Pupal age estimation of forensically important Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae). Forensic Sci. Int. 2014, 236, 133–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Feng, D.; Liu, G. Pupal age estimation of forensically important Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae). Forensic Sci. Int. 2013, 231, 199–203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, T.; Huang, J.; Wang, J. Study on the pupal morphogenesis of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for postmortem interval estimation. Forensic Sci. Int. 2015, 253, 88–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Y.; Gu, Z.; Xia, S.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Tao, L. Estimating the age of intra-puparial period of Lucilia illustris using two approaches: Morphological changes and differentially expressed genes. Forensic Sci. Int. 2018, 287, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gruszka, J.; Matuszewski, S. Estimation of physiological age at emergence based on traits of the forensically useful adult carrion beetle Necrodes littoralis L (Silphidae). Forensic Sci. Int. 2020, 314, 110407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martín-Vega, D.; Díaz-Aranda, L.M.; Baz, A.; Cifrián, B. Effect of temperature on the survival and development of three forensically relevant Dermestes species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J. Med. Entomol. 2017, 54, 1140–1150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Frątczak-Łagiewska, K.; Grzywacz, A.; Matuszewski, S. Development and validation of forensically useful growth models for Central European population of Creophilus maxillosus L. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Int. J. Legal Med. 2020, 134, 1531–1545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, Y.; Yang, J.B.; Wang, J.F.; Li, L.L.; Wang, M.; Yang, L.J.; Tao, L.Y.; Chu, J.; Hou, Y.D. Development of the forensically important beetle Creophilus maxillosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at constant temperatures. J. Med. Entomol. 2017, 54, 281–289. [Google Scholar]
- Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Wang, Y.; Tang, H.; Chen, R.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Jin, J.; Wang, Y.; Wu, M.; et al. Development of Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) under constant temperatures and its implication in forensic entomology. Forensic Sci. Int. 2020, 311, 110275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Y.; Wang, M.; Hu, G.; Xu, W.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J. Temperature-dependent development of Omosita colon at constant temperature and its implication for PMImin estimation. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2020, 72, 101946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Hu, G.; Liu, N.; Wang, M.; Chen, R.; Zhu, R.; Wang, Y.; Ren, X.; Wang, Y.; Xu, W.; et al. Development of Dermestes tessellatocollis Motschulsky under different constant temperatures and its implication in forensic entomology. Forensic Sci. Int. 2021, 321, 110723. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhu, G.; Ye, G.; Hu, C. Development profile of hemolymph soluble proteins during the larval and pupal stages in Aldrichina grahami. J. Zhejiang Univ. 2004, 30, 69–72. [Google Scholar]
- Xu, H.; Ye, G.; Xu, Y.; Hu, C.; Zhu, G. Age-dependent changes in cuticular hydrocarbons of larvae in Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Forensic Sci. Int. 2014, 242, 236–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Gu, Z.; Li, L.; Wang, J. Gene expression during the intra-puparial stage of Chrysomya megacephala: Implications for postmortem interval estimation. J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 2019, 22, 841–846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Han, H.; Chen, W.; Wang, S.; Meng, F.; Cai, J.; Guo, Y. Evaluation of reference genes and age estimation of forensically useful Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during intrapuparial period. J. Med. Entomol. 2021, 58, 47–55. [Google Scholar]
- Shang, Y.; Ren, L.; Yang, L.; Wang, S.; Chen, W.; Dong, J.; Ma, H.; Qi, X.; Guo, Y. Differential gene expression for age estimation of forensically important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) intrapuparial. J. Med. Entomol. 2020, 57, 65–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhu, G.; Jia, Z.; Yu, X.; Wu, K.; Chen, L.; Lv, J.; Benbow, M.E. Predictable weathering of puparial hydrocarbons of necrophagous flies for determining the postmortem interval: A field experiment using Chrysomya rufifacies. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017, 131, 885–894. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhu, G.H.; Xu, X.H.; Xiao, J.Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.F. Puparial case hydrocarbons of Chrysomya megacephala as an indicator of the postmortem interval. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007, 169, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baqué, M.; Amendt, J.; Verhoff, M.A.; Zehner, R. Descriptive analyses of differentially expressed genes during larval development of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Int. J. Legal Med. 2015, 129, 891–902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tarone, A.M.; Foran, D.R. Gene expression during blow fly development: Improving the precision of age estimates in forensic entomology. J. Forensic Sci. 2011, 56, S112–S122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zajac, B.K.; Amendt, J.; Horres, R.; Verhoff, M.A.; Zehner, R. De novo transcriptome analysis and highly sensitive digital gene expression profiling of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) pupae using MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends). Forensic Sci. Int. Gen. 2015, 15, 137–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Catts, E.P.; Goff, M.L. Forensic entomology in criminal investigations. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1992, 37, 253–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tomberlin, J.K.; Benbow, M.E. Forensic Entomology: International Dimensions and Frontiers; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Bernhardt, V.; Schomerus, C.; Verhoff, M.A.; Amendt, J. Of pigs and men—Comparing the development of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on human and porcine tissue. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017, 131, 847–853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bugelli, V.; Campobasso, C.P.; Verhoff, M.A.; Amendt, J. Effects of different storage and measuring methods on larval length values for the blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina. Sci. Justice 2016, 57, 159–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Shi, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, R. Growth and development of Boettcherisca peregrine under different temperature conditions and its significance in forensic entomology. J. Environ. Entomol. 2010, 32, 166–172. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, B.; Wang, H.; Wang, L.; Wang, W.; Li, Z. Chronometric morphological change of larvae of two species of necrophagous flies and its implication in forensic medicine. Chin. Bull. Entomol. 2010, 47, 360–367. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, W.; Yang, L.; Ren, L.; Shang, Y.; Wang, S.; Guo, Y. Impact of constant versus fluctuating temperatures on the development and life history parameters of Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Insects 2019, 10, 184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Li, L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J.; Ma, M.; Lai, Y. Temperature-dependent development and the significance for estimating postmortem interval of Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin, a new forensically important species in China. Int. J. Legal Med. 2016, 130, 1363–1370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Zhu, R.; Zhai, Y.; Sun, J.; Li, X.; Wang, L.; Wu, M.; et al. Development of Megaselia spiracularis (Diptera: Phoridae) at different constant temperatures. J. Therm. Biol. 2020, 93, 102722. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, C.; Wang, J.; Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Yang, L.; Chu, J. Development of Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at constant temperatures in China. J. Med. Entomol. 2018, 56, 368–377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Smith, K.G.V. A Manual of Forensic Entomology; Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NJ, USA, 1986. [Google Scholar]
- Zhou, H.; Yang, Y.; Ren, J.; Lu, L.; Wang, S.; Yan, R.; Li, Y. Studies on forensic entomology in Beijing district I: Sarcosaprophagous beetles and their local specificity. Acta Entomol. Sin. 1997, 40, 62–70. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, Y. Study on necrophagous mucoid flies living on human corpses in Beijing and its application on forensic medicine practice. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 1998, 13, 159–162. [Google Scholar]
- Yin, X.; Ma, M.; Zhou, H.; Lai, Y.; Wang, J. The community succession of sarcosaphagous insects on pig carcasses in summer indoor and outdoor environment in Shenzhen area. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014, 30, 172–177. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, Z.; Tao, L. Insect succession on pig carcasses using different exposure time—A preliminary study in Guangzhou, China. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2017, 52, 24–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Y.; Ma, M.; Jiang, X.; Wang, J.; Li, L.; Yin, X.; Wang, M.; Lai, Y.; Tao, L. Insect succession on remains of human and animals in Shenzhen, China. Forensic Sci. Int. 2017, 271, 75–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y. A comparative study of the decomposition of pig carcasses in a methyl methacrylate box and open air conditions. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2016, 42, 92–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shi, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, H.; Zhang, R. Seasonality of insect succession on exposed rabbit carrion in Guangzhou, China. Insect Sci. 2009, 16, 425–439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Li, Z.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Q.; Yin, X. The succession and development of insects on pig carcasses and their significances in estimating PMI in south China. Forensic Sci. Int. 2008, 179, 11–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chang, Y.F.; Zhang, J.L.; Zhou, X.R.; Liao, Z.G.; Cai, J.F.; Deng, Z.H.; Lan, L.M.; Wang, Z.X.; Liang, W.B.; Deng, R.L. The constitution and succession of sarcosaphagous flies community in hohhot. Forensic Sci.Technol. 2006, 4, 15–18. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, H.; Yang, L.; Wang, B.; Yuan, H.; Zhai, Y. Study on the community succession of sarcosaphagous insects at summer in Xinxiang area. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 2017, 32, 13–15. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, L.; Qiu, L.; Guo, J.; Lin, Y. Initial research on process of necrophagous flies participating in decomposing corpse parenchyma in four seasons. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 2009, 24, 188–190. [Google Scholar]
- Matuszewski, S.; Bajerlein, D.; Konwerski, S.; Szpila, K. Insect succession and carrion decomposition in selected forests of Central Europe. Part 2: Composition and residency patterns of carrion fauna. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 195, 42–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matuszewski, S.; Bajerlein, D.; Konwerski, S.; Szpila, K. Insect succession and carrion decomposition in selected forests of Central Europe. Part 3: Succession of carrion fauna. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 207, 150–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pastula, E.C.; Merritt, R.W. Insect arrival pattern and succession on buried carrion in Michigan. J. Med. Entomol. 2013, 50, 432–439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Voss, S.C.; Forbes, S.L.; Dadour, I.R. Decomposition and insect succession on cadavers inside a vehicle environment. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2008, 4, 22–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aballay, F.H.; Murua, A.F.; Acosta, J.C.; Centeno, N.D. Succession of carrion fauna in the arid region of San Juan Province, Argentina and its forensic relevance. Neotrop. Entomol. 2012, 41, 27–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heo, C.C.; Mohamad, A.M.; Ahmad, F.M.; Jeffery, J.; Kurahashi, H.; Omar, B. Study of insect succession and rate of decomposition on a partially burned pig carcass in an oil palm plantation in Malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 2008, 25, 202–208. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lynch-Aird, J.; Moffatt, C.; Simmons, T. Decomposition rate and pattern in hanging pigs. J. Forensic Sci. 2015, 60, 1155–1163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Voss, S.C.; Cook, D.F.; Dadour, I.R. Decomposition and insect succession of clothed and unclothed carcasses in Western Australia. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 211, 67–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, Y.; Hu, C. A preliminary study on the species and biological characters of necrophagous insects in Hangzhou area. J. Zhejiang Agric. Univ. 1997, 23, 375–380. [Google Scholar]
- Li, L.; Zhang, Y.; Ma, Y. The major necrophagous insects and their regular activity on carcass in Harbin. J. Northeast Forest. Univ. 2002, 30, 93–96. [Google Scholar]
- The species and distribution of the necrophagous flies in Guizhou Province. Acta Entomol. Sin. 2004, 47, 849–853.
- Wang, Y.; Liu, M.; Sun, D.H. A study on sarcosaphagous insects species variety with seasons in Chengdu. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2003, 19, 86–87. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Chen, Q. Study on the Characteristics of Cadaver Decomposition and the Disciplinarian of Arthropod Successional Patterns in Cadaver at Suburban Districts of Zhongshan; Sun Yat-sen University: Guangzhou, China, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, D.; Mao, R.; Guo, M.; Zhou, J.; Jia, F.; Ou, G.; Zhang, R. Species and succession of necrophagous insect community in spring and summer seasons in Guangzhou. Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2008, 47, 56–60. [Google Scholar]
- Dong, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, L. Primary study on common species sarcosaphagous flies. Forensic Sci.Technol. 2009, 2, 14–16. [Google Scholar]
- Nie, T.; Wei, Z.; Tian, Y.; Tian, F.; Lian, Z. Primary study on sarcosaphagous insects on rabbit carcass in Xi’ an. Chin. Bull. Entomol. 2010, 47, 587–591. [Google Scholar]
- Jiang, Y.; Cai, J.; Yang, L.; Yi, W.; Lan, L.; Li, X.; Li, J. A study of sarcosaphagous insects from arthropod in Yongzhou district of Hunan Province. Chin. J. Applied Entomol. 2011, 48, 191–196. [Google Scholar]
- Jiang, D.; Zhan, X.; Sun, K.; Gu, Y.; Ren, W.; Li, B.; Zhang, P.; Li, W. Study on the common species and seasonal succession of necrophagous flies in Qingdao region. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 2014, 29, 460–463. [Google Scholar]
- Zhou, L. Insect Succession on Carcasses in Southern Chongqing City and Its Forensic Application; Chongqing Medical University: Chongqing, China, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, L. Succession and Development of Sarcosarprophagous Insects and Their Significances in Estimating PMI in Yangtze River Delta Region; Soochow University: Suzhou, China, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Tian, J. Effect of Morphine in Tissues on Development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera) and Implication of This Effect on Estimation of Postmortem Intervals Using Arthropod Development Patterns; Hebei Medical University: Shijiazhuang, China, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, W.; Wang, B.; Hu, S.; Feng, X. The relationship between the postemortem interval and effects of morphine on the growth stage of Lucilia sericata. J. Pathog. Biol. 2008, 3, 612–615. [Google Scholar]
- Dai, J. Effect of Diazepam on the Growth and Development of Lucilia Sericata (Diptera Calliphoridae) and Its Forensic Importance; Hebei Medical University: Shijiazhuang, China, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, L. Effect of Diazepam in Tissues on Development of Chrysomya Megacephala (Diptera) and Implication of This Effect on Estimation of Postmortem Intervals Using Arthropod Development Patterns; Hebei Medical University: Shijiazhuang, China, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Lv, Z.; Zhai, X.D.; Zhou, H.M.; Li, P.; Ma, J.; Guan, L.; Mo, Y. Effect of ketamine on the development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera:Calliphoridae). Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasitic Dis. 2012, 30, 361–366. [Google Scholar]
- Zou, Y.; Huang, M.; Huang, R.; Wu, X.; You, Z.; Lin, J.; Huang, X.; Qiu, X.; Zhang, S. Effect of ketamine on the development of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and preliminary pathological observation of larvae. Forensic Sci. Int. 2013, 226, 273–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, X.; Shi, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhang, R. Determination of Malathion levels and its effect on the development of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) in South China. Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 192, 14–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shi, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, H.; Zhang, R. Effects of malathion on the insect succession and the development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the field and implications for estimating postmortem interval. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 2010, 31, 46–51. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, S.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W.; Ren, L.; Ling, J.; Shang, Y.; Guo, Y. Effects of methamphetamine on the development and its determination in Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. Med. Entomol. 2020, 57, 691–696. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brien, C.; Turner, B. Impact of paracetamol on Calliphora vicina larval development. Int. J. Legal Med. 2004, 118, 188–189. [Google Scholar]
- Carvalho, L.M.; Linhares, A.X.; Trigo, J.R. Determination of drug levels and the effect of diazepam on the growth of necrophagous flies of forensic importance in southeastern Brazil. Forensic Sci. Int. 2001, 120, 140–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Carvalho, L.M.L.; Linhares, A.X.; Palhares, F.A.B. The effect of cocaine on the development rate of immatures and adults of Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its importance to postmortem interval estimate. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 220, 27–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kharbouche, H.; Augsburger, M.; Cherix, D.; Sporkert, F.; Giroud, C.; Wyss, C.; Champod, C.; Mangin, P. Codeine accumulation and elimination in larvae, pupae, and imago of the blowfly Lucilia sericata and effects on its development. Int. J. Legal Med. 2008, 122, 205–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goff, M.L.; Brown, W.A.; Omori, A.I. Preliminary observations of the effect of methamphetamine in decomposing tissues on the development rate of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and implications of this effect on the estimations of postmortem intervals. J. Forensic Sci. 1992, 37, 867–872. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Rashid, R.A.; Osman, K.; Ismail, M.I.; Zuha, R.M.; Hassan, R.A. Determination of malathion levels and the effect of malathion on the growth of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) in malathion-exposed rat carcass. Trop. Biomed 2008, 25, 184–190. [Google Scholar]
- Tabor, K.L.; Fell, R.D.; Brewster, C.C.; Pelzer, K.; Behonick, G.S. Effects of antemortem ingestion of ethanol on insect successional patterns and development of Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. Med. Entomol. 2005, 42, 481–489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Goff, M.L.; Brown, W.A.; Omori, A.I.; LaPointe, D.A. Preliminary observations of the effects of amitriptyline in decomposing tissues on the development of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and implications of this effect to estimation of postmortem interval. J. Forensic Sci. 1993, 38, 316–322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pien, K.; Laloup, M.; Pipeleers-Marichal, M.; Grootaert, P.; De Boeck, G.; Samyn, N.; Boonen, T.; Vits, K.; Wood, M. Toxicological data and growth characteristics of single post-feeding larvae and puparia of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) obtained from a controlled nordiazepam study. Int. J. Legal Med. 2004, 118, 190–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Souza, C.M.; Thyssen, P.J.; Linhares, A.X. Effect of nandrolone decanoate on the development of three species of Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae), flies of forensic importance in Brazil. J. Med. Entomol. 2014, 48, 111–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ferraz, A.C.; Dallavecchia, D.L.; Silva, D.C.; Figueiredo, A.L.; Proença, B.; Silva-Filho, R.G.; Aguiar, V.M. Effects of the antibiotics Gentamicin on the postembryonic development of Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). J. Insect Sci. 2014, 14, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Da Silva, E.I.T.; Wilhelmi, B.; Villet, M.H. Forensic entomotoxicology revisited—Towards professional standardisation of study designs. Int. J. Legal Med. 2017, 13, 1399–1412. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, Y.; Cai, J.; Tang, Z.; Feng, X.; Lin, Z.; Yong, F.; Li, J.; Chen, Y.; Meng, F.; Wen, J. Application of Aldrichina grahami (Diptera, Calliphoridae) for forensic investigation in central-south China. Rom J. Leg. Med. 2011, 19, 55–58. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, J.F.; Chang, P.; Liao, M.Q.; Li, Z.G.; Ma, T.; Gui, L.F.; Yu, L.C. Application of forensic entomology in indoor, outdoor and poisoning death cases in Guangdong Province. J. Poltical Sci. Law 2012, 29, 116–121. [Google Scholar]
- Owings, C.G.; Spiegelman, C.; Tarone, A.M.; Tomberlin, J.K. Developmental variation among Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) populations from three ecoregions of Texas, USA. Int. J. Legal Med. 2014, 128, 709–717. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhou, F.; Tomberlin, J.K.; Zheng, L.; Yu, Z.; Zhang, J. Developmental and waste reduction plasticity of three black soldier fly strains (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) raised on different livestock manures. J. Med. Entomol. 2013, 50, 1224–1230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liao, M.Q.; Li, Z.G.; Wang, J.F.; Luo, S.M.; Ma, T. Insects can also be found on bodies that are severely burned in winter. J. Poltical Sci. Law 2012, 29, 112–115. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, M.; Chu, J.; Wang, Y.; Li, F.; Liao, M.; Shi, H.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, G.; Wang, J. Forensic entomology application in China: Four case reports. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2019, 63, 40–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, J.F.; Xia, Y.F. The applicaiton of forensic entomology in three cases. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999, 15, 122. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, C.Y. Application of forensic entomology in solving a case. Forensic Sci. Technol. 2003, 5, 60. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, L.S. Estimating the postmortem interval using the accumulated degree days. Forensic Sci. Technol. 2007, 5, 236–237. [Google Scholar]
- Yu, L.C.; Lv, G.L.; Wang, J.F. Using entomology to estimate the time of death: A case report. J. Trop. Med. 2008, 8, 519–520. [Google Scholar]
- Gu, J.M.; Zhang, J.Z.; Sun, Z.; Zhang, W.J.; Qin, B.L.; Cao, S.Y.; Zhou, L. Estimation of the discarding time of a dismembered corpse. Forensic Sci. Technol. 2009, 4, 75–76. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Y.; Chen, Y.Q.; Guo, Y.D.; Zha, L.; Li, L.J. Estimation of post-mortem interval for a drowning case by using flies (Diptera) in Central-South China: Implications for forensic entomology. Rom. J. Leg. Med. 2013, 21, 293–298. [Google Scholar]
- Li, X.B.; Gong, Q.; Wan, L.H.; Jiang, D.; Jiao, Y.G. A case of estimating the time of death by necrophagous flies. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 2013, 3, 248–249. [Google Scholar]
- Wei, Z.W.; Huang, A.H. Estimating the postmortem interval of a composed body by regression equation of maggot. Chin. J. Forensic Med. 2016, 31, 316–317. [Google Scholar]
- Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Wang, Y.; Liao, M.; Hu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, Y.; Wang, J. Estimation of post-mortem interval based on insect species present on a corpse found in a suitcase. Forensic Sci. Int. 2020, 306, 110046. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Q.; Lin, H.; Xu, J.; Huang, P.; Wang, Z. Current research and prospects on postmortem interval estimation. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018, 34, 459–467. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Amendt, J.; Campobasso, C.P.; Grassberger, M. Current Concepts in Forensic Entomology; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2010. [Google Scholar]
Order | Species | Citation | City (Province) | Temperatures (°C) | Indicators |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diptera | Boettcherisca peregrina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 | Wang et al. [42] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Dd, Lbl, T0, K, Imc, Lmc |
Wang et al. [91] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 | Dd, Lbl, Lbw, Lbwi, Wp | ||
Wang et al. [52] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Shang et al. [85] | Changsha (Hunan) | 15, 25, 35 | Ige | ||
Calliphora grahami (Aldrich, 1930) | Ma et al. [41] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 12,15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 | Dd | |
Wang et al. [42] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 | Dd, Lbl, T0, K, Imc, Lmc | ||
Zhao et al. [92] | Shijiazhuang (Hebei) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Lmc | ||
Wang et al. [53] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Liu et al. [84] | Changsha (Hunan) | 15, 22, 27 | Ige | ||
Chen et al. [93] | Changsha (Hunan) | Constant vs. fluctuating temperature (8 vs. 6–12; 12 vs. 10–16; 16 vs. 14–20) | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) | Ma et al. [41] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 | Dd | |
Wang et al. [42] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Dd, Lbl, T0, K, Imc, Lmc | ||
Zhao et al. [92] | Shijiazhuang (Hebei) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Lmc | ||
Yang et al. [48] | Chongqing (municipality) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Zhang et al. [63] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K, Imc | ||
Wang et al. [83] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 22.5, 27.5, 32.5 | Ige | ||
Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin, 1932 | Li et al. [94] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | 20, 24, 28, 32 | Dd, Lbl, Lbw | |
Chrysomya pinguis (Walker, 1858) | Zhang et al. [55] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | |
Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1842) | Ma et al. [68] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | 20, 24, 28, 32 | Imc | |
Hu et al. [58] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Dohrniphora cornuta (Bigot, 1857) | Feng et al. [64] | Shenyang (Liaoning) | 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 | Imc | |
Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann, 1830) | Yang et al. [50] | Chongqing (municipality) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | |
Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758 | Li et al. [65] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | 20, 24, 28, 32 | Dd, Imc | |
Hydrotaea spinigera Stein, 1910 | Wang et al. [59] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | |
Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) | Wang et al. [62] | Shijiazhuang (Hebei) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Imc | |
Lucilia illustris (Meigen, 1826) | Wang et al. [47] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | |
Wang et al. [69] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 20, 25, 30 | Imc, Ige | ||
Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) | Ma et al. [41] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 | Dd | |
Wang et al. [42] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Dd, Lbl, T0, K, Imc, Lmc | ||
Li [43] | Shijiazhuang (Hebei) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Lmc | ||
Wang et al. [57] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) | Feng and Liu [66] | Shenyang (Liaoning) | 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 | Imc | |
Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz, 1938 | Feng and Liu [67] | Shenyang (Liaoning) | 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 | Imc | |
Wang et al. [95] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 | Wang et al. [42] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 16, 20, 24, 28 | Dd, Lbl, T0, K, Imc, Lmc | |
Wang et al. [54] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | ||
Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817) | Wang et al. [56] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K | |
Parasarcophaga crassipalpis (Macquart, 1938) | Ma et al. [41] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 | Dd | |
Wang et al. [44] | Shijiazhuang (Hebei) | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 | Lmc | ||
Parasarcophaga similis (Meade, 1876) | Yang et al. [51] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K, Imc | |
Sarcophaga dux Thomson, 1869 | Zhang et al. [49] | Changsha (Hunan) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K, Ige | |
Coleoptera | Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Wang et al. [73] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K |
Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1755) | Hu et al. [74] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 36 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, Ilen, T0, K, LD | |
Omosita colon (Linnaeus, 1758) | Wang et al. [75] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 | Dd, Ihen, T0, K | |
Hymenoptera | Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) | Zhang et al. [96] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 | Dd, Ihen, Lbl, T0, K |
Citation | City (Province) | Experimental Model (Numbers of Remains) | Season/Month | Insect Species/Other Information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zhou et al. [98] | Beijing (capital) | Human corpse (NS) | March to August | Coleoptera: 38 species |
Yang et al. [99] | Beijing (capital) | Human viscera (NS) | March to November | Diptera: 14 species |
Ma et al. [117] | Hangzhou (Zhejiang) | Pork meat (NS) | All seasons | Diptera: 12 species Coleoptera: 16 species Hymenoptera: 2 species |
Li et al. [118] | Harbin (Heilongjiang) | Pork meat (NS) | Spring, summer, and autumn | Diptera: 8 species Coleoptera: 19 species |
Chen et al. [119] | Twelve sites (Guizhou) | Pork lung (NS) | All seasons | Diptera: 27 species |
Wang et al. [120] | Chengdu (Sichuan) | Rabbit (28) | 1st year: May to November 2nd year: March to September | Diptera: 5 species |
Chen [121] | Zhongshan (Guangdong) | Pig (4) | Autumn and winter | Total: 38 species |
Chang et al. [106] | Hohhot (Inner Mongolia) | Rabbit (25), Dog (1) | July to October | Diptera: 10 species |
Wang et al. [105] | Pearl River Delta (Guangdong) | Pig (18) | All seasons | Diptera: 17 species Coleoptera: 16 species Other: 9 species |
Wu et al. [122] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | Rabbit (NS) | Spring and summer | Diptera: 10 species Coleoptera: 7 species |
Dong et al. [123] | Sanmenxia (Henan) | Rabbit (5) | July to October | Three families, 13 species |
Chen et al. [108] | Guiyang (Guizhou) | Human corpse (4) | All seasons | Diptera: 11 species |
Nie et al. [124] | Xi’an (Shanxi) | Rabbit (4) | Spring | Diptera: 10 species Coleoptera: 4 species Other: 2 species |
Shi et al. [104] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | Rabbit (4) | Summer | Effects of malathion on the insect succession |
Jiang et al. [125] | Yongzhou (Hunan) | Rabbit (9) | July to September | Total: 26 species |
Yin et al. [100] | Shenzhen (Guangdong) | Pig (4) | Summer | Indoor: 14 species Outdoor: 18 species |
Jiang et al. [126] | Qingdao (Shandong) | Pig (12) | All seasons | Diptera: 23 species |
Lv [127] | Chongqing (municipality) | Pig (11) | All seasons | Insecta: 94 species |
Li et al. [103] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | Pig (2) | Summer | Comparative study of carcasses between enclosed and open-air conditions |
Yang [128] | Suzhou (Jiangsu) | Pig (22) | Summer and autumn | Diptera: 16 species Coleoptera: 12 species Other: 5 species |
Wu et al. [107] | Xinxiang (Henan) | Rabbit (5), rat (6) | July to August | Diptera: 7 species |
Wang et al. [101] | Guangzhou (Guangdong) | Pig (6) | Summer | Insect succession on pig carcasses using different exposure times |
Wang et al. [102] | Shenzhen (Guangdong) | Human corpse (1), large pig (2), small pig (2), rabbit (2) | August to December | Total: 42 species; insect assemblages are more complex on larger carcasses, following the order of human = large pig > small pig > rabbit |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, M.; Xu, W.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J. Forensic Entomology in China and Its Challenges. Insects 2021, 12, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12030230
Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Wang J. Forensic Entomology in China and Its Challenges. Insects. 2021; 12(3):230. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12030230
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yu, Yinghui Wang, Man Wang, Wang Xu, Yanan Zhang, and Jiangfeng Wang. 2021. "Forensic Entomology in China and Its Challenges" Insects 12, no. 3: 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12030230