Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. E. heros Populations
2.2. Insecticides
2.3. Bioassay Methods
2.3.1. Ingestion
2.3.2. Topical Application
2.3.3. Tarsal Contact
2.4. Monitoring Susceptibility of E. heros Populations to Insecticides
2.4.1. Estimated LC50/LD50 and LC99/LD99
2.4.2. Diagnostic Concentration
2.5. Selection and Characterization of Resistance of E. heros to Insecticides
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Bioassay Methods
3.2. Definition of Diagnostic Concentrations
3.3. Monitoring the Susceptibility of E. heros to Insecticides
3.4. Selection and Characterization of E. heros Resistance to Insecticides
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Crop Seasons | Populations | Collection Site | Latitude | Longitude | Collection Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SUS | Piracicaba—SP | −22.413.920 | −47.382.900 | January 2013 | |
2018/2019 | 1 | Cesário Lange—SP | −23.221.722 | −47.879.901 | January 2019 |
2 | Santo Ângelo—RS | −28.268.440 | −54.222.377 | February 2019 | |
3 | Buri—SP | −23.797.690 | −48.555.636 | February 2019 | |
4 | Uberlândia 2—MG | −19.039.666 | −48.214.689 | January 2019 | |
5 | Londrina—PR | −23.270.385 | −51.096.414 | January 2019 | |
6 | Belmonte—SC | −26.864.231 | −53.579.014 | February 2019 | |
7 | Rio Verde—GO | −17.800.507 | −50.888.559 | January 2019 | |
8 | Canarana—MT | −13.545.447 | −52.326.032 | February 2019 | |
9 | Santa Bárbara do Oeste—SP | −22.826.796 | −47.469.803 | January 2019 | |
10 | Santa Cruz das Palmeiras—SP | −21.846.312 | −47.248.144 | January 2019 | |
11 | Luís Eduardo Magalhães—BA | −12.158.124 | −45.781.697 | January 2019 | |
12 | Sete Lagoas—MG | −19.447.287 | −44.174.600 | January 2019 | |
2019/2020 | 13 | Cesário Lange—SP | −23.221.823 | −47.882.271 | December 2019 |
14 | Santo Ângelo—RS | −28.271.968 | −54.229.174 | February 2020 | |
15 | Buri—SP | −23.797.690 | −48.555.636 | February 2020 | |
16 | Uberlândia 2—MG | −18.931.495 | −48.165.026 | January 2020 | |
17 | Londrina—PR | −23.246.961 | −51.119.236 | January 2020 | |
18 | Não me Toque—RS | −28.450.782 | −52.844.472 | January 2020 | |
19 | Rio Verde—GO | −17.854.921 | −50.947.760 | January 2020 | |
20 | Santa Bárbara do Oeste—SP | −22.825.832 | −47.470.452 | December 2019 | |
21 | Santa Cruz das Palmeiras—SP | −22.185.233 | −47.242.628 | December 2019 | |
22 | Chapadão do Sul—MS | −18.757.929 | −52.557.225 | December 2019 | |
23 | Luís Eduardo Magalhães—BA | −12.137.713 | −45.808.886 | January 2020 | |
24 | Sete Lagoas—MG | −19.456.500 | −44.173.400 | December 2019 | |
25 | Lucas do Rio Verde—MT | −13.035.200 | −55.574.500 | January 2020 | |
26 | Primavera do Leste—MT | −15.505.000 | −54.296.000 | January 2020 | |
27 | Sorriso—MT | −12.355.670 | −55.446.880 | January 2020 | |
28 | Cristalina—GO | −16.934.871 | −47.678.666 | January 2020 | |
29 | São Desidério—BA | −12.343.002 | −44.996.204 | January 2020 | |
30 | Rolândia—PR | −23.161.728 | −51.284.844 | January 2020 |
Ingredients | Artificial Diet b | Modified Artificial Diet c | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lyophilized and ground green beans | 35.00 | g | 100.00 | g |
Crushed peanuts | 35.00 | g | 35.00 | g |
Sucrose | 5.00 | g | 10.00 | g |
Tetracycline | 0.01 | g | 0.01 | g |
Sorbic acid | 0.10 | g | 0.15 | g |
Ascorbic acid | - | 0.30 | g | |
Nipagin | 1.00 | g | 1.00 | g |
Fatty acid | - | 1.00 | mL | |
Vitamin solution a | - | 5.00 | mL | |
Water | 30.00 | mL | 1000.00 | mL |
Insecticide | Bioassay | n a | Slope (±SE) | LC50/LD50 (95% CI) b | LC90/LD90 (95% CI) b | χ2(d.f.) c | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thiamethoxam | Ingestion | 672 | 4.99 (±0.54) | 1.93 (1.76–2.16) | 3.49 (2.98–4.39) | 3.19(4) | 0.5271 |
Topical application | 700 | 3.98 (±0.33) | 0.027 (0.02–0.03) | 0.058 (0.052–0.068) | 2.62(4) | 0.0203 | |
tarsal contact | 800 | 2.11 (±0.13) | 0.196 (0.164–0.235) | 0.795 (0.614–1.114) | 5.05(5) | 0.0004 | |
imidacloprid | Ingestion | 672 | 3.53 (±0.26) | 2.73 (2.28–3.26) | 6.30 (5.04–8.59) | 4.89(4) | 0.2982 |
Topical application | 700 | 3.36 (±0.27) | 0.028 (0.023–0.036) | 0.068 (0.050–0.115) | 8.04(4) | 0.0032 | |
tarsal contact | 800 | 2.29 (±0.15) | 0.315 (0.264–0.377) | 1.138 (0.882–1.591) | 5.26(5) | 0.0001 | |
lambda-cyhalothrin | Ingestion | 768 | 2.56 (±0.17) | 17.85 (14.87–21.49) | 56.53 (43.92–79.33) | 6.19(5) | 0.0005 |
Topical application | 800 | 3.62 (±0.26) | 0.046 (0.042–0.050) | 0.104 (0.091–0.122) | 2.42(5) | 0.7878 | |
tarsal contact | 800 | 2.50 (±0.17) | 0.169 (0.143–0.199) | 0.549 (0.436–0.745) | 5.25(5) | 0.0043 |
Population | Crop Seasons | LD50 Estimated | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n a | Slope (±SE) | LD50 (95% CI) b | χ2 | d.f. c | RR50 d | ||
Lambda-Cyhalothrin | |||||||
Susceptible reference | 2019/2020 | 800 | 3.23 (±0.20) | 0.026 (0.023–0.029) | 3.56 | 5 | - |
Buri—SP | 700 | 2.78 (±0.17) | 0.135 (0.116–0.158) | 6.46 | 5 | 5.12 | |
Não me Toque—RS | 800 | 3.90 (±0.24) | 0.551 (0.488–0.620) | 8.24 | 6 | 20.92 | |
Londrina—PR | 560 | 3.20 (±0.24) | 0.731 (0.621–0.773) | 2.99 | 5 | 27.73 | |
Cristalina—GO | 490 | 3.22 (±0.25) | 0.291 (0.259–0.326) | 4.83 | 5 | 11.02 | |
Primavera do Leste—MT | 560 | 2.89 (±0.21) | 0.521 (0.445–0.611) | 5.57 | 5 | 19.74 | |
Uberlândia—MG | 560 | 2.95 (±0.21) | 0.132 (0.118–0.147) | 3.76 | 5 | 5.00 | |
Luís Eduardo Magalhães—BA | 432 | 2.31 (±0.19) | 1.054 (0.831–1.366) | 4.44 | 4 | 39.98 |
Population | Crop Seasons | LC50 Estimated | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n a | Slope (±SE) | LC50 (95% CI) b | χ2 | d.f. c | RR50 d | ||
Thiamethoxam | |||||||
Susceptible reference | 2018/2019 | 864 | 2.88 (±0.17) | 1.79 (1.63–1.98) | 4.37 | 6 | - |
Cesário Lange—SP | 432 | 2.49 (±0.23) | 4.53 (3.99–5.12) | 0.43 | 4 | 2.53 | |
Buri—SP | 648 | 2.39 (±0.16) | 5.27 (4.32–6.47) | 8.99 | 6 | 2.94 | |
Santo Ângelo—RS | 336 | 2.75 (±0.27) | 4.36 (3.35–5.58) | 4.01 | 4 | 2.44 | |
Londrina—PR | 768 | 1.68 (±0.13) | 14.27 (11.51–18.57) | 5.13 | 5 | 7.97 | |
Rio Verde—GO | 504 | 2.87 (±0.23) | 3.09 (2.68–3.56) | 3.20 | 4 | 1.73 | |
Canarana—MT | 504 | 2.69 (±0.22) | 2.80 (2.40–3.24) | 3.51 | 4 | 1.56 | |
Santa Bárbara do Oeste—SP | 671 | 2.43 (±0.17) | 3.51 (3.06–4.00) | 2.75 | 4 | 1.96 | |
Luís Eduardo Magalhães—BA | 384 | 2.03 (±0.25) | 19.20 (15.51–25.37) | 3.46 | 4 | 10.73 | |
Buri—SP | 2019/2020 | 432 | 2.75 (±0.22) | 4.67 (4.04–5.38) | 1.88 | 4 | 2.61 |
Não me Toque—RS | 288 | 2.55 (±0.25) | 4.15 (3.44–4.97) | 1.01 | 4 | 2.32 | |
Londrina—PR | 504 | 1.96 (±0.14) | 25.15 (18.94–33.58) | 8.18 | 5 | 14.05 | |
Cristalina—GO | 420 | 2.69 (±0.21) | 3.17 (2.72–3.67) | 1.84 | 4 | 1.77 | |
Uberlândia—MG | 432 | 2.45 (±0.20) | 2.90 (2.46–3.38) | 2.69 | 4 | 1.62 | |
Lucas do Rio Verde—MT | 576 | 2.21 (±0.15) | 3.79 (3.28–4.35) | 1.80 | 4 | 2.12 | |
Luís Eduardo Magalhães—BA | 504 | 2.23 (±0.16) | 39.52 (33.84–46.15) | 3.49 | 5 | 22.08 | |
Imidacloprid | |||||||
Susceptible reference | 2018/2019 | 576 | 3.27 (±0.22) | 2.77 (2.37–3.20) | 4.92 | 4 | - |
Cesário Lange—SP | 360 | 3.40 (±0.34) | 9.67 (5.96–13.65) | 7.12 | 4 | 3.49 | |
Buri—SP | 504 | 3.31 (±0.27) | 4.59 (3.64–5.69) | 5.54 | 4 | 1.66 | |
Santo Ângelo—RS | 336 | 2.59 (±0.25) | 4.80 (3.99–5.73) | 1.30 | 4 | 1.73 | |
Londrina—PR | 504 | 2.41 (±0.19) | 15.36 (12.00–19.90) | 7.80 | 5 | 5.55 | |
Rio Verde—GO | 504 | 2.78 (±0.23) | 5.53 (4.79–6.34) | 2.67 | 4 | 2.00 | |
Canarana—MT | 504 | 2.84 (±0.23) | 5.46 (4.74–6.26) | 2.88 | 4 | 1.97 | |
Santa Bárbara do Oeste—SP | 504 | 3.44 (±0.34) | 9.54 (7.47–12.22) | 7.30 | 4 | 3.44 | |
Uberlândia—MG | 648 | 2.49 (±0.18) | 15.19 (12.66–18.58) | 8.20 | 6 | 5.48 | |
Buri—SP | 2019/2020 | 420 | 3.10 (±0.25) | 4.55 (3.97–5.19) | 1.99 | 4 | 1.64 |
Não me Toque—RS | 288 | 2.62 (±0.25) | 4.73 (3.94–5.64) | 1.35 | 4 | 1.71 | |
Londrina—PR | 504 | 2.32 (±0.17) | 28.97 (22.51–37.09) | 7.51 | 5 | 10.46 | |
Cristalina—GO | 432 | 2.69 (±0.22) | 5.43 (4.69–6.25) | 0.99 | 4 | 1.96 | |
Lucas do Rio Verde—MT | 420 | 2.66 (±0.21) | 5.27 (4.56–6.08) | 0.84 | 4 | 1.90 | |
Primavera do Leste—MT | 504 | 3.05 (±0.25) | 20.41 (16.36–25.80) | 7.94 | 5 | 7.37 | |
Uberlândia—MG | 600 | 2.68 (±0.19) | 17.62 (13.67− 23.13) | 8.78 | 4 | 6.36 | |
Luís Eduardo Magalhães—BA | 432 | 2.49 (±0.20) | 60.73 (52.27–70.39) | 2.35 | 4 | 21.92 |
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Tibola, C.M.; Silva, L.; Sgubin, F.; Omoto, C. Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay. Insects 2021, 12, 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070599
Tibola CM, Silva L, Sgubin F, Omoto C. Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay. Insects. 2021; 12(7):599. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070599
Chicago/Turabian StyleTibola, Cristiane Maria, Leandro Silva, Fernanda Sgubin, and Celso Omoto. 2021. "Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay" Insects 12, no. 7: 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070599