Assessment of the Attraction Range of Sex Pheromone Traps to Agriotes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Male Click Beetles in South-Eastern Europe
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Location
2.2. Sex Pheromone Traps
2.3. Beetle Collection, Marking and Release
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Date | Species | Wind Direction | Distance from Trap | Released at Each Point | Total Released | Precipitation (mm) | Temperature °C | Crop | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 m | 5 m | 10 m | 15 m | 20 m | 60 m | |||||||||
2000 | 23 June | A. litigiosus | South | X | X | 30 | 60 | 0 | 25 | Soybean | ||||
26 June | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | 100 | 200 | 0 | 20 | Bare/sugar beet | |||||
29 June | A. litigiosus | South | X | X | 30 | 60 | 0 | 21 | Soybean | |||||
2 July | A. litigiosus | South | X | X | 30 | 60 | 0 | 25 | Soybean | |||||
7 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | 50 | 100 | 0 | 25 | Bare | |||||
12 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | 50 | 100 | 0.6 | 19 | Bare | |||||
20 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | 10 | 30 | 0 | 21 | Bare | ||||
2001 | 1 March | A. brevis | South | X | X | X | X | X | 50 | 250 | 0 | 3 | Bare | |
12 March | A. brevis | South | X | X | X | X | X | 50 | 250 | 1.6 | 10 | Bare | ||
10 April | A. brevis | All | X | 25 | 100 | 0 | 13 | Bare | ||||||
14 April | A. brevis | All | X | 25 | 100 | 0 | 8 | Bare | ||||||
6 May | A. sordidus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 250 | 2.1 | 19 | Maize | ||
6 May | A. sordidus | East, West | X | X | X | 25 | 150 | 2.1 | 19 | Maize | ||||
10 May | A. sordidus | North, South | X | X | X | X | 25 | 200 | 0 | 20 | Maize | |||
12 May | A. sordidus | North, South | X | X | X | X | 25 | 200 | 0 | 20 | Maize | |||
19 May | A. sordidus | North, South | X | X | X | 25 | 150 | 0 | 18 | Maize | ||||
19 May | A. sordidus | East, West | X | X | 25 | 100 | 0 | 18 | Maize | |||||
6 June | A. litigiosus | East, West | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 200 | 2.3 | 16 | Maize | ||
19 June | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | 150 | 0.2 | 19 | Maize | ||
19 June | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | 30 | 240 | 0.2 | 19 | Maize | |||
23 June | A. litigiosus | East | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 100 | 0 | 22 | Soybean | ||
23 June | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | 150 | 0 | 22 | Maize | ||
30 June | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | 150 | 3 | 25 | Maize | ||
13 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 120 | 0 | 22 | Bare | |
15 July | A. ustulatus | East, West | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 240 | 0 | 25 | Soybean | |
23 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 100 | 0 | 23 | Soybean | ||
24 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | X | 15 | 60 | 0 | 24 | Bare | |||
3 August | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | X | 15 | 60 | 0 | 26 | Bare | |||
2002 | 5 April | A. brevis | All | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 600 | 0.1 | 11 | Bare |
11 April | A. brevis | All | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 600 | 11.2 | 8 | Bare | |
26 April | A. brevis | All | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 600 | 0 | 17 | Bare | |
15 May | A. sordidus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | X | 50 | 600 | 0 | 20 | Bare/Meadow /WW | |
15 May | A. sordidus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 75 | 450 | 0 | 20 | Bare/Meadow /WW | |
18 June | A. litigiosus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 40 | 240 | 0 | 27 | Bare/Maize | |
24 June | A. litigiosus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 120 | 2.7 | 27 | Bare | |
27 June | A. litigiosus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 120 | 0 | 23 | Bare | |
1 July | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 300 | 0 | 21 | Bare | |
1 July | A. litigiosus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 | 120 | 0 | 21 | Bare | |
4 July | A. ustulatus | All | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 600 | 0 | 23 | Maize | |
5 July | A. ustulatus | East, West | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 300 | 0 | 22 | Bare | |
5 July | A. ustulatus | East, West | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 300 | 0 | 22 | Maize | |
24 July | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 300 | 2 | 23 | Bare | |
24 July | A. ustulatus | North, South | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | 300 | 2 | 23 | Soybean | |
2003 | 30 April | A. sordidus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 40 | 240 | 0 | 15 | Bare/WW |
2 May | A. sordidus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 40 | 240 | 0 | 17 | Alfalfa/Maize /Soybean/WW | |
6 May | A. sordidus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 40 | 240 | 0 | 20 | Alfalfa/Maize /Soybean/WW | |
8 May | A. sordidus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 40 | 240 | 0 | 21 | Bare/WW | |
15 May | A. sordidus | East | X | X | X | X | X | X | 40 | 240 | 0 | 15 | Bare/WW | |
8 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | X | 60 | 240 | 0 | 24 | Alfalfa/Maize /Soybean | |||
14 July | A. ustulatus | East | X | X | X | X | 60 | 240 | 0 | 24 | Alfalfa/Maize /Soybean |
Species | N° of Trials | x | r | log(r) | r | log(r) | rs (Sample Range) m | α (Sample Area) m2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
y | P(r) | P(r) | log P(r) | log P(r) | |||||
A. brevis | 7 | at 24 h | equation | y = −0.0065x + 0.0946 | y = −0.0892x + 0.1083 | y = −0.0731x + 0.9602 | y = −0.8719x − 0.889 | 14 | 16.57 |
R2 | 0.70 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.92 | |||||
at D12 | equation | y = −0.0053x + 0.2798 | y = −0.2015x + 0.374 | y = −0.0244x + 0.4942 | y = −0.7471x − 0.2207 | 53 | 509 | ||
R2 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.75 | |||||
A. ustulatus | 9 | at 24 h | equation | y = −0.0048x + 0.2192 | y = −0.2205x + 0.3471 | y = −0.0238x−0.6545 | y = −0.8257x − 0.2647 | 46 | 332 |
R2 | 0.45 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.95 | |||||
at D12 | equation | y = −0.0052x + 0.2989 | y = −0.2182x + 0.4141 | y = −0.0137x−0.5332 | y = −0.4883x − 0.2977 | 56 | 975 | ||
R2 | 0.56 | 0.88 | 0.77 | 0.89 | |||||
A. sordidus | 13 | at 24 h | equation | y = −0.00052x + 0.272 | y = −0.2374x + 0.4055 | y = −0.0196x + 0.5413 | y = −0.6762x − 0.2339 | 52 | 603 |
R2 | 0.54 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.92 | |||||
at D12 | equation | y = −0.0061x + 0.3832 | y = −0.2576x + 0.5206 | y = −0.0125x − 0.4137 | y = −0.4448x − 0.206 | 63 | 1583 | ||
R2 | 0.56 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.85 | |||||
A. litigiosus | 21 | at 24 h | equation | y = −0.0043x + 0.2908 | y = −0.16x + 0.3813 | y = −0.0136x − 0.4727 | y = −0.4582x − 0.2422 | 68 | 1363 |
R2 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.93 | 0.65 | |||||
at D12 | equation | y = −0.0039x + 0.3374 | y = −0.1353x + 0.407 | y = −0.0099x − 0.4329 | y = −0.3185x − 0.2816 | 86 | 2602 | ||
R2 | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.69 | 0.44 |
Number of Days | Sampling Range rs (m) | Effective Sampling Area α (m2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 1 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 45 | |
Species | ||||||||||
A. lineatus | 55 * | 43 ** | 80 ** 72 * | 82 ** | 1089 * | 2588 ** | 6908 ** 1735 * | 6768 ** | ||
A. obscurus | 72 * | 38 ** | 42 ** 95 * | 51 ** | 1518 * | 2580 ** | 2795 ** 2633 * | 3636 ** | ||
A. sputator | 25 ** | 22 ** | 22 ** | 1698 ** | 1335 ** | 1335 ** | ||||
A. brevis | 14 | 53 | 16.57 | 509 | ||||||
A. ustulatus | 46 | 56 | 332 | 975 | ||||||
A. sordidus | 52 | 63 | 603 | 1583 | ||||||
A. litigiosus | 68 | 86 | 1363 | 2602 |
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Furlan, L.; Contiero, B.; Tóth, M. Assessment of the Attraction Range of Sex Pheromone Traps to Agriotes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Male Click Beetles in South-Eastern Europe. Insects 2021, 12, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080733
Furlan L, Contiero B, Tóth M. Assessment of the Attraction Range of Sex Pheromone Traps to Agriotes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Male Click Beetles in South-Eastern Europe. Insects. 2021; 12(8):733. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080733
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurlan, Lorenzo, Barbara Contiero, and Miklós Tóth. 2021. "Assessment of the Attraction Range of Sex Pheromone Traps to Agriotes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Male Click Beetles in South-Eastern Europe" Insects 12, no. 8: 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080733