Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Biology and Life Cycle
3. Host Plants, Crop Damage, and Factors Promoting Outbreaks
3.1. Distribution and Host Plants
3.2. Crop Damage
3.3. Factors Promoting Lygus Outbreaks
4. Behavior and Ecology of Lygus lineolaris
4.1. Semiochemicals
4.2. Visual Cues and Trap Characteristics That Affect Lygus lineolaris Captures
4.3. Feeding Behavior of Lygus lineolaris
5. Insecticide Resistance in Lygus lineolaris
6. Integrated Management Strategies
6.1. Sampling Methodologies
6.2. Sampling Thresholds
6.3. Cultural, Mechanical, and Physical Control
6.4. Plant Nutrition and Lygus Infestation
6.5. Host Plant Resistance Strategies
6.6. Chemical Control
6.7. Microbial Control
6.8. Biological Control
6.9. Molecular and Genetic Control
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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George, J.; Glover, J.P.; Gore, J.; Crow, W.D.; Reddy, G.V.P. Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops. Insects 2021, 12, 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090807
George J, Glover JP, Gore J, Crow WD, Reddy GVP. Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops. Insects. 2021; 12(9):807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090807
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge, Justin, James P. Glover, Jeffrey Gore, Whitney D. Crow, and Gadi V. P. Reddy. 2021. "Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops" Insects 12, no. 9: 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090807
APA StyleGeorge, J., Glover, J. P., Gore, J., Crow, W. D., & Reddy, G. V. P. (2021). Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops. Insects, 12(9), 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090807