Deciphering the Chemical Fingerprint of Astragalus membranaceus: Volatile Components Attractive to Bruchophagus huonchili Wasps
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects and Plants
2.2. Volatile Compound Extraction and Identification
2.3. Compounds Tested
2.4. Behavioral Assays
2.4.1. Single-Component Behavioral Assay
2.4.2. Multi-Component Behavioral Assay
2.5. Field Trapping Experiment
2.6. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Volatile Compound Extraction and Identification
3.2. Behavioral Assays
3.2.1. Single-Component Behavioral Assay
3.2.2. Multi-Component Behavioral Assay
3.3. Field Trapping Experiment
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Standard Compound | CAS | Purity (%) | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Ethyl palmitate | 628-97-7 | 98 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
Isoamyl isovalerate | 659-70-1 | 98 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
Cis-β-ocimene | 13877-91-3 | 98 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
1-Octen-3-ol | 3391-86-4 | 98 | Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
Hexyl acetate | 142-92-7 | 99 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
Hexanal | 66-25-1 | 97 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
Decanal | 112-31-2 | 97 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
β-Caryophyllene | 87-44-5 | 80 | Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) |
Formula No. | Composition | Content (µL) |
---|---|---|
1 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + Hexanal + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 521 + 128 + 23 + 17 |
2 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + Hexanal + Decanal | 26 + 521 + 128 + 23 |
3 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + Hexanal + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 521 + 128 + 17 |
4 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 521 + 23 + 17 |
5 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexanal + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 128 + 23 + 17 |
6 | Hexyl acetate + Hexanal + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 521 + 128 + 23 + 17 |
7 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + Hexanal | 26 + 521 + 128 |
8 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + Decanal | 26 + 521 + 23 |
9 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 521 + 17 |
10 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexanal + Decanal | 26 + 128 + 23 |
11 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexanal + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 128 + 17 |
12 | Cis-β-ocimene + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 23 + 17 |
13 | Hexyl acetate + Hexanal + Decanal | 521 + 128 + 23 |
14 | Hexyl acetate + Hexanal + β-Caryophyllene | 521 + 128 + 17 |
15 | Hexyl acetate + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 521 + 23 + 17 |
16 | Hexanal + Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 128 + 23 + 17 |
17 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexyl acetate | 26 + 521 |
18 | Cis-β-ocimene + Hexanal | 26 + 128 |
19 | Cis-β-ocimene + Decanal | 26 + 23 |
20 | Cis-β-ocimene + β-Caryophyllene | 26 + 17 |
21 | Hexyl acetate + Hexanal | 521 + 128 |
22 | Hexyl acetate + Decanal | 521 + 23 |
23 | Hexyl acetate + β-Caryophyllene | 521 + 17 |
24 | Hexanal + Decanal | 128 + 23 |
25 | Hexanal + β-Caryophyllene | 128 + 17 |
26 | Decanal + β-Caryophyllene | 23 + 17 |
Chemicals | CAS | Retention Tim (min) | Relative Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Cis-β-ocimene | 13877-91-3 | 14.03 | 12.49 |
Hexyl acetate | 142-92-7 | 13.3 | 11.96 |
1-Octen-3-ol | 3391-86-4 | 12.11 | 10.11 |
Hexanal | 66-25-1 | 5.92 | 9.37 |
Decanal | 112-31-2 | 20.54 | 9.21 |
β-Caryophyllene | 87-44-5 | 27.78 | 8.75 |
Ethyl palmitate | 628-97-7 | 43.95 | 8.06 |
Isoamyl isovalerate | 659-70-1 | 14.11 | 6.17 |
2-Methylbutyl2-methylbutyrate | 2445-78-5 | 16.73 | 3.45 |
1,4-Dichlorobenzene | 106-46-7 | 13.36 | 3.29 |
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane | 541-05-9 | 6.34 | 2.22 |
2-Pentylfuran | 3777-69-3 | 12.44 | 1.97 |
Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 19.74 | 1.73 |
8-Fluoro-1-octanol | 111-87-5 | 15.57 | 160 |
Ethanol | 64-17-5 | 5.92 | 1.48 |
(S)-(-)-2-Methyl-1-butanol | 1565-80-6 | 4.46 | 1.07 |
Methyl heptanoate | 106-73-0 | 14.31 | 1.07 |
Tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane | 107-50-6 | 29.24 | 0.99 |
1-Heptanol | 111-70-6 | 15.03 | 0.95 |
Cyclohexene | 110-83-8 | 16.05 | 0.82 |
Benzyl alcohol | 100-51-6 | 99 | 0.78 |
Leaf alcohol | 928-96-1 | 7.63 | 0.70 |
Methyl isovalerate | 556-24-1 | 2.81 | 0.66 |
Methyl hexanoate | 106-70-7 | 10.96 | 0.58 |
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane | 556-67-2 | 12.18 | 0.53 |
Formulation No. | Mean ± SE Number of Wasps Captured in Huhui Village 1 | Mean ± SE Number of Wasps Captured in Wanggou Village 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
22 July | 28 July | 22 July | 28 July | |
6 | 171.67 ± 7.80 a | 202.67 ± 8.74 a | 77.33 ± 7.51 a | 83.33 ± 6.49 a |
10 | 115.33 ± 9.96 b | 124.33 ± 16.18 b | 44.67 ± 1.20 b | 51.33 ± 4.98 b |
20 | 138.67 ± 5.21 b | 105.67 ± 9.94 b | 48.67 ± 2.60 b | 50.00 ± 2.52 b |
Control | 12.33 ± 0.88 c | 11.67 ± 0.33 c | 8.67 ± 0.88 d | 8.33 ± 0.33 c |
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Zhang, C.; Bai, P.; Kang, J.; Dong, T.; Zheng, H.; Zhang, X. Deciphering the Chemical Fingerprint of Astragalus membranaceus: Volatile Components Attractive to Bruchophagus huonchili Wasps. Insects 2023, 14, 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14100809
Zhang C, Bai P, Kang J, Dong T, Zheng H, Zhang X. Deciphering the Chemical Fingerprint of Astragalus membranaceus: Volatile Components Attractive to Bruchophagus huonchili Wasps. Insects. 2023; 14(10):809. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14100809
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Chaoran, Penghua Bai, Jie Kang, Tian Dong, Haixia Zheng, and Xianhong Zhang. 2023. "Deciphering the Chemical Fingerprint of Astragalus membranaceus: Volatile Components Attractive to Bruchophagus huonchili Wasps" Insects 14, no. 10: 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14100809