Evaluation and Selection of New Trichogramma spp. as Biological Control Agents of the Guatemalan Potato Moth (Tecia solanivora) in Europe
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects Rearing
2.2. Molecular Identification
2.3. Host Acceptance (No-Choice)
2.4. Host Preference (Choice)
2.5. Functional Response and Parasitism
- Type I:
- Type II:
- Type III:
2.6. Illumination Assays
2.7. Search Ability under Semi-Field Conditions
3. Results
3.1. Host Acceptance (No-Choice)
3.2. Host Preference (Choice)
3.3. Functional Response
3.3.1. Trichogramma euproctidis
3.3.2. Trichogramma achaeae
3.4. Parasitism
3.5. Sex Ratio and Fecundity
Species | 15 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 27 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|
T. euproctidis | 1.08 ± 0.3 | 1.20 ± 0.04 | 1.26 ± 0.04 | 1.27 ± 0.04 |
T. achaeae | 1.41 ± 0.11 | 1.16 ± 0.04 | 1.13 ± 0.05 | 1.23 ± 0.04 |
3.6. Illumination Acceptance Assays
3.7. Search Ability under Semi-Field Conditions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature | Type | Fit Curve Parameters | Statistical Parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d.f. | |||||||
I | 0.5155 | - | - | 5 | 0.8052 | 7.30899 | |
15 °C | II | 5.9158 | - | 0.0466 | 4 | 0.8845 | 8.77405 |
III | - | 0.2569 | 0.0491 | 4 | 0.9053 | 6.96387 * | |
I | 0.7024 | - | - | 5 | 0.8681 | 7.33837 | |
20 °C | II | 1750.9 | - | 0.0372 | 4 | 0.9647 | 6.52153 |
III | - | 0.0372 | 4 | 0.9653 | −0.6938 * | ||
I | 0.6725 | - | - | 5 | 0.8232 | 7.78757 | |
25 °C | II | 4847.2 | - | 0.0436 | 4 | 0.9302 | 7.90383 |
III | - | 0.0394 | 4 | 0.9557 | 6.52805 * | ||
I | 0.6218 | - | - | 5 | 0.7786 | 8.29285 | |
27 °C | II | - | 0.0412 | 4 | 0.9655 | 6.04313 | |
III | - | 0.0418 | 4 | 0.9661 | 5.76405 * |
Temperature | Type | Fit Curve Parameters | Statistical Parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d.f. | |||||||
I | 0.2767 | - | - | 5 | 0.6347 | 5.49962 | |
15 °C | II | 3.4655 | - | 0.0845 | 4 | 0.9543 | 2.30479 * |
III | - | 0.6533 | 0.0876 | 4 | 0.9515 | 2.48573 | |
I | 0.3882 | - | - | 5 | 0.3079 | 9.34299 | |
20 °C | II | - | 0.0680 | 4 | 0.9660 | 2.93269 * | |
III | - | 0.0651 | 4 | 0.9608 | 2.99312 | ||
I | 0.3835 | - | - | 5 | 0.3843 | 8.68488 | |
25 °C | II | 19.4182 | - | 0.0585 | 4 | 0.9782 | 2.22521 * |
III | - | 0.0588 | 4 | 0.9775 | 2.26747 | ||
I | 0.4465 | - | - | 5 | 0.6211 | 8.22257 | |
27 °C | II | 26.851 | - | 0.0547 | 4 | 0.9766 | 2.96402 |
III | - | 1.0972 | 0.0540 | 4 | 0.9783 | 2.73542 * |
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Gavara, J.; Cabello, T.; Gámez, M.; Bastin, S.; Hernández-Suárez, E.; Piedra-Buena, A. Evaluation and Selection of New Trichogramma spp. as Biological Control Agents of the Guatemalan Potato Moth (Tecia solanivora) in Europe. Insects 2023, 14, 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14080679
Gavara J, Cabello T, Gámez M, Bastin S, Hernández-Suárez E, Piedra-Buena A. Evaluation and Selection of New Trichogramma spp. as Biological Control Agents of the Guatemalan Potato Moth (Tecia solanivora) in Europe. Insects. 2023; 14(8):679. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14080679
Chicago/Turabian StyleGavara, Jorge, Tomás Cabello, Manuel Gámez, Saskia Bastin, Estrella Hernández-Suárez, and Ana Piedra-Buena. 2023. "Evaluation and Selection of New Trichogramma spp. as Biological Control Agents of the Guatemalan Potato Moth (Tecia solanivora) in Europe" Insects 14, no. 8: 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14080679