Can Pest Management and Cultivar Affect Phytoptus avellanae Infestations on Hazelnut?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Orchards
2.1.1. Hazelnut Varieties’ Susceptibility: Germplasm Collection Site
2.1.2. Different Pest Management Sites
2.2. Monitoring Activity
2.3. Data Analysis
2.3.1. Different Susceptibility of the Cultivars
2.3.2. Different Susceptibilities among the Orchard Management Systems
3. Results
3.1. Different Susceptibility of the Cultivars
3.2. Different Susceptibility among the Orchard Managements
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Contrast | Z Ratio | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Barcelona—Ennis | −0.002 | 1 |
Barcelona—Merveille de Bollwiller | 2.33 | 1 |
Barcelona—Negret | −0.002 | 1 |
Barcelona—Nocchione | 0.98 | 1 |
Barcelona—Riccia di Talanico | −0.97 | 1 |
Barcelona—San Giovanni | 1.49 | 1 |
Barcelona—Tombul | −2.76 | 0.32 |
Barcelona—Tonda di Giffoni | 0.31 | 1 |
Barcelona—Tonda Gentile | −4.24 | 0.001 |
Barcelona—Tonda Gentile Romana | −2.86 | 0.23 |
Ennis—Merveille de Bollwiller | 2.33 | 1 |
Ennis—Negret | 0.001 | 1 |
Ennis—Nocchione | 0.98 | 1 |
Ennis—Riccia di Talanico | −0.97 | 1 |
Ennis—San Giovanni | 1.49 | 1 |
Ennis—Tombul | −2.76 | 0.32 |
Ennis—Tonda di Giffoni | 0.31 | 1 |
Ennis—Tonda Gentile | −4.24 | 0.001 |
Ennis—Tonda Gentile Romana | −2.86 | 0.23 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Negret | −2.33 | 1 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Nocchione | −1.53 | 1 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Riccia di Talanico | −3.01 | 0.14 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—San Giovanni | −1.00 | 1 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Tombul | −4.12 | 0.002 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Tonda di Giffoni | −2.02 | 1 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Tonda Gentile | −4.97 | <0.0001 |
Merveille de Bollwiller—Tonda Gentile Romana | −4.18 | 0.002 |
Negret—Nocchione | 0.98 | 1 |
Negret—Riccia di Talanico | −0.97 | 1 |
Negret—San Giovanni | 1.49 | 1 |
Negret—Tombul | −2.76 | 0.32 |
Negret—Tonda di Giffoni | 0.31 | 1 |
Negret—Tonda Gentile | −4.24 | 0.001 |
Negret—Tonda Gentile Romana | −2.87 | 0.23 |
Nocchione—Riccia di Talanico | −1.89 | 1 |
Nocchione—San Giovanni | 0.57 | 1 |
Nocchione—Tombul | −3.50 | 0.03 |
Nocchione—Tonda di Giffoni | −0.63 | 1 |
Nocchione—Tonda Gentile | −4.78 | 0.0001 |
Nocchione—Tonda Gentile Romana | −3.59 | 0.02 |
Riccia di Talanico—San Giovanni | 2.32 | 1 |
Riccia di Talanico—Tombul | −1.89 | 1 |
Riccia di Talanico—Tonda di Giffoni | 1.21 | 1 |
Riccia di Talanico—Tonda Gentile | −3.51 | 0.02 |
Riccia di Talanico—Tonda Gentile Romana | −2.00 | 1 |
San Giovanni—Tombul | −3.73 | 0.01 |
San Giovanni—Tonda di Giffoni | −1.15 | 1 |
San Giovanni—Tonda Gentile | −4.82 | 0.0001 |
San Giovanni—Tonda Gentile Romana | −3.80 | 0.008 |
Tombul—Tonda di Giffoni | 2.82 | 0.26 |
Tombul—Tonda Gentile | −1.77 | 1 |
Tombul—Tonda Gentile Romana | −0.11 | 1 |
Tonda di Giffoni—Tonda Gentile | −4.11 | 0.002 |
Tonda di Giffoni—Tonda Gentile Romana | −2.91 | 0.20 |
Tonda Gentile—Tonda Gentile Romana | 1.66 | 1 |
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Site Name | Geographical Coordinates | Orchard Management | Growing Season of Observation |
---|---|---|---|
Calcata 1 | 42°12′34.2″ N 12°25′07.2″ E | Renaturalised | 2023 and 2024 |
Calcata 2 | 42°13′13.3″ N 12°25′12.9″ E | Renaturalised | 2023 and 2024 |
Calcata 3 | 42°13′26.8″ N 12°25′11.5″ E | Renaturalised | 2023 and 2024 |
Ischia di Castro | 42°32′47.5″ N 11°47′36.1″ E | Organic | 2023 and 2024 |
Vetralla 1 | 42°17′52.7″ N 12°05′58.4″ E | Organic | 2024 |
Bassano Romano | 42°13′59.8″ N 12°10′46.4″ E | Organic | 2023 and 2024 |
Sutri 1 | 42°13′26.8″ N 12°15′43.9″ E | Organic | 2023 |
Ronciglione 1 | 42°16′44″ N 12°14′51″ E | Organic | 2024 |
Ronciglione 2 | 42°15′34.7″ N 12°15′50.3″ E | Organic | 2024 |
Vetralla 2 | 42°18′37″ N 12°05′35″ E | Organic | 2024 |
Capranica 1 | 42°17′17.7″ N 12°07′48.1″ E | IPM | 2023 and 2024 |
Capranica 2 | 42°17′41.6″ N 12°07′25.3″ E | IPM | 2023 and 2024 |
Sutri 2 | 42°15′56.7″ N 12°13′44.5″ E | IPM | 2023 and 2024 |
Vitorchiano | 42°27′41″ N 12°11′14″ E | IPM | 2024 |
Capranica 3 | 42°16′06″ N 12°07′33″ E | IPM | 2024 |
Capranica 4 | 42°15′39.9″ N 12°08′26.9″ E | IPM | 2024 |
Cultivar | Country (and Region) of Origin 1 |
---|---|
Merveille de Bollwiller | France |
Tonda Gentile Romana | Italy (Latium) |
Tombul | Turkey |
Barcelona | Spain |
Negret | Spain |
Tonda Gentile | Italy (Piedmont) |
Ennis | USA (Oregon) |
Tonda di Giffoni | Italy (Campania) |
San Giovanni | Italy (Campania) |
Nocchione | Italy (Latium) |
Riccia di Talanico | Italy (Campania) |
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Contarini, M.; Masturzi, R.; Iezzi, E.; Petrović, M.; Silvestri, C.; Turco, S.; Speranza, S.; Rossini, L. Can Pest Management and Cultivar Affect Phytoptus avellanae Infestations on Hazelnut? Insects 2024, 15, 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100740
Contarini M, Masturzi R, Iezzi E, Petrović M, Silvestri C, Turco S, Speranza S, Rossini L. Can Pest Management and Cultivar Affect Phytoptus avellanae Infestations on Hazelnut? Insects. 2024; 15(10):740. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100740
Chicago/Turabian StyleContarini, Mario, Roberto Masturzi, Eleonora Iezzi, Miloš Petrović, Cristian Silvestri, Silvia Turco, Stefano Speranza, and Luca Rossini. 2024. "Can Pest Management and Cultivar Affect Phytoptus avellanae Infestations on Hazelnut?" Insects 15, no. 10: 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15100740