Chlorantraniliprole Enhances Cellular Immunity in Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects and Insecticides
2.2. Larval Toxicity Bioassay
2.3. Hemolymph Collection
2.4. Hemocyte Assays
2.5. Total Hemocyte Counts
2.6. Phagocytosis Assay
2.7. Nodulation Assay
2.8. Encapsulation Assay
2.9. Plasmatocyte-Spreading Assay
2.10. Hemocyte Cytoskeleton Assay
2.11. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Larval Toxicity Bioassay
3.2. Hemocyte Types
3.3. Hemocyte Morphology
3.4. Total Hemocyte Counts
3.5. Phagocytosis Assay
3.6. Nodulation Assay
3.7. Encapsulation Assay
3.8. Plasmatocyte-Spreading Assay
3.9. Hemocyte Cytoskeleton Assay
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Regression Equation | LD10 (μg/g) (95% CL) | LD20 (μg/g) (95% CL) | LD30 (μg/g) (95% CL) | LD50 (μg/g) (95% CL) | χ2 (df) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
y = −0.832 + 1.906x | 0.581 (0.306~0.834) | 0.988 (0.648~1.330) | 1.449 (1.051~1.971) | 2.731 (2.004~4.408) | 5.963 (13) | 0.948 |
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Liu, Q.; Deng, X.; Wang, L.; Xie, W.; Zhang, H.; Li, Q.; Yang, Q.; Jiang, C. Chlorantraniliprole Enhances Cellular Immunity in Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects 2024, 15, 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080586
Liu Q, Deng X, Wang L, Xie W, Zhang H, Li Q, Yang Q, Jiang C. Chlorantraniliprole Enhances Cellular Immunity in Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects. 2024; 15(8):586. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080586
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Qingyan, Xiaoyue Deng, Liuhong Wang, Wenqi Xie, Huilai Zhang, Qing Li, Qunfang Yang, and Chunxian Jiang. 2024. "Chlorantraniliprole Enhances Cellular Immunity in Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" Insects 15, no. 8: 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080586