Short- and Long-Range Dispersal by Members of the Simulium damnosum Complex (Diptera: Simuliidae), Vectors of Onchocerciasis: A Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Locations of Blackfly Capture Points
3. Variation in Exposure to Vector Bites
4. Short-Range Dispersal by Blackfly Vectors of Onchocerciasis
4.1. Larval Dispersion
4.2. Movements in Relation to Mating Habits
4.3. Evidence for Adult Dispersal of Onchocerciasis Vectors, Mainly from Mark–Recapture Experiments
5. Long-Range Dispersal by Blackfly Vectors of Onchocerciasis
5.1. Blackfly Migrations from the Southwest of the Original OCP Area toward the Northeast
5.2. Blackfly Migrations from the Southwest of the Eastern Extension of the OCP toward the Northeast of the Original OCP Area
5.3. Movements at the Ends of Dry Seasons with Flies Traveling Back toward the Southwest from the Northeast
5.4. Movements of Flies Resistant to the Insecticide of Choice (the Organophosphate Temephos)
6. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cheke, R.A.; Hawkes, F.M.; Carnaghi, M. Short- and Long-Range Dispersal by Members of the Simulium damnosum Complex (Diptera: Simuliidae), Vectors of Onchocerciasis: A Review. Insects 2024, 15, 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080606
Cheke RA, Hawkes FM, Carnaghi M. Short- and Long-Range Dispersal by Members of the Simulium damnosum Complex (Diptera: Simuliidae), Vectors of Onchocerciasis: A Review. Insects. 2024; 15(8):606. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080606
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheke, Robert A., Frances M. Hawkes, and Manuela Carnaghi. 2024. "Short- and Long-Range Dispersal by Members of the Simulium damnosum Complex (Diptera: Simuliidae), Vectors of Onchocerciasis: A Review" Insects 15, no. 8: 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080606