Air-Drying Time Affects Mortality of Pyrethroid-Susceptible Aedes aegypti Exposed to Transfluthrin-Treated Filter Papers
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mosquitoes
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Transfluthrin-Impregnated Filter Papers
2.4. High-Throughput Screening System
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Dose-Dependent Toxicity Bioassay
3.2. Toxicity of Transfluthrin-Impregnated Filter Papers at Different Air-Drying Times
3.3. Mosquito Recovery Rates of Transfluthrin-Exposed Aedes aegypti
3.4. Effect of Air-Drying Time on Aedes aegypti Mortality
3.5. Effect of Air-Drying Time on Discriminating Concentrations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TFT Conc. (%) | Mean % (SE) Ae. aegypti (USDA) at Air-Drying Time (h) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knockdown | p-Value † | Mortality | p-Value † | Recovery | p-Value † | ||||
1 h | 24 h | 1 h | 24 h | 1 h | 24 h | ||||
0.01706 | 89.2 (6.2) a | 95.0 (3.4) a | 0.392 | 69.2 (5.1) a | 46.7 (11.7) a | 0.169 | 20.0 (7.1) a | 48.3 (10.0) a | 0.041 |
0.00853 | 63.3 (8.4) ab | 69.2 (9.9) a | 0.809 | 45.8 (12.7) ab | 23.3 (7.1) a | 0.153 | 17.5 (8.3) a | 45.8 (8.3) a | 0.037 |
0.00427 | 17.5 (3.6) b | 23.3 (3.3) b | 0.262 | 14.2 (3.5) b | 5.8 (2.4) ab | 0.078 | 3.3 (4.8) a | 17.5 (5.3) ab | 0.075 |
0.00213 | 6.7 (2.5) bc | 1.7 (1.7) c | 0.105 | 1.7 (1.1) b | 3.3 (2.1) b | 0.702 | 5.0 (2.9) a | −1.7 (1.7) b | 0.073 |
0.00107 | 1.7 (1.1) c | 0.0 (0.0) c | 0.138 | 0.8 (0.8) b | 0.0 (0.0) b | 0.317 | 0.8 (0.8) a | 0.0 (0.0) b | 0.317 |
Air-Drying Time (h) | Mean % (SE) Knockdown [95% CI] | Mean % (SE) Mortality [95% CI] | Mortality OR [95% CI] | Z-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 89.17 (6.25) [73.11–105.23] | 69.17 (5.07) [56.14–82.20] | - | 63.94 | - |
12 | 95.83 (2.01) [90.67–100.99] | 59.17 (9.26) [35.37–82.96] | 0.646 [0.380–1.099] | 2.60 | 0.107 |
24 | 95.00 (3.42) [86.22–103.78] | 46.67 (11.74) [16.49–76.84] | 0.390 [0.230–0.661] | 12.22 | <0.001 |
168 | 87.50 (4.43) [76.12–98.88] | 48.33 (5.73) [33.62–63.05] | 0.417 [0.246–0.707] | 10.56 | 0.001 |
336 | 90.83 (5.07) [77.80–103.86] | 35.83 (10.83) [7.99–63.68] | 0.249 [0.145–0.426] | 25.67 | <0.001 |
504 | 90.83 (8.21) [69.74–111.93] | 31.67 (7.15) [13.29–50.04] | 0.207 [0.120–0.357] | 32.06 | <0.001 |
672 | 82.50 (6.55) [65.66–99.34] | 26.67 (8.33) [5.25–48.09] | 0.162 [0.093–0.284] | 40.53 | <0.001 |
Air-Drying Time (h) | % LC50 (95% FL) | % LC75 (95% FL) | % LC99 (95% FL) | % DCs | χ2 (df) * | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.01040 (0.00925–0.01189) a | 0.01852 (0.01576–0.02280) a | 0.07611 (0.05455–0.11971) a | 0.15222 | 3.217 (3) | 0.359 |
12 | 0.01515 (0.01039–0.03612) ab | 0.02666 (0.01628–0.12592) ab | 0.10636 (0.04148–3.15898) ab | 0.21272 | 10.471 (3) | 0.015 |
24 | 0.01870 (0.01543–0.02434) b | 0.03784 (0.02831–0.05797) b | 0.21269 (0.12005–0.50602) b | 0.42538 | 2.468 (3) | 0.481 |
168 | 0.01790 (0.01480–0.02314) b | 0.03711 (0.02784–0.05621) b | 0.22121 (0.12524–0.51640) b | 0.44242 | 6.354 (3) | 0.096 |
336 | 0.02577 (0.01984–0.03820) bc | 0.05672 (0.03826–0.10560) b | 0.39147 (0.18471–1.31841) b | 0.78294 | 6.848 (3) | 0.077 |
504 | 0.02742 (0.02083–0.04220) bc | 0.05917 (0.03913–0.11677) b | 0.38927 (0.17758–1.45757) b | 0.77854 | 3.583 (3) | 0.310 |
672 | 0.03118 (0.02319–0.05157) c | 0.06318 (0.04072–0.13760) b | 0.35637 (0.15747–1.56318) b | 0.71273 | 1.301 (3) | 0.729 |
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Kim, D.-Y.; Hii, J.; Chareonviriyaphap, T. Air-Drying Time Affects Mortality of Pyrethroid-Susceptible Aedes aegypti Exposed to Transfluthrin-Treated Filter Papers. Insects 2024, 15, 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080616
Kim D-Y, Hii J, Chareonviriyaphap T. Air-Drying Time Affects Mortality of Pyrethroid-Susceptible Aedes aegypti Exposed to Transfluthrin-Treated Filter Papers. Insects. 2024; 15(8):616. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080616
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Dae-Yun, Jeffrey Hii, and Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap. 2024. "Air-Drying Time Affects Mortality of Pyrethroid-Susceptible Aedes aegypti Exposed to Transfluthrin-Treated Filter Papers" Insects 15, no. 8: 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080616