Exploring Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor I and Mediterranean Cryptic Species Relationship with Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus and Their Dynamics in Soybean Fields
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Transmission Properties of CPMMV by Single B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED Insects
2.1.1. Insects
2.1.2. Plants
2.1.3. Acquisition Access Period (AAP)
2.1.4. Inoculation Access Period (IAP)
2.1.5. Retention Period (RP)
2.2. CPMMV RNA Extraction and Identification
2.3. Distribution of Whitefly Species on Major Soybean-Growing Areas in São Paulo State
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Transmission of CPMMV by MEAM1 and MED on Soybean Using Single Insects
3.2. Whitefly Survey
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plants Infected/Plants Exposed a,b | ||
---|---|---|
Acquisition Access Period | MEAM1 | MED |
5 min | 0/30 (0) | 0/30 (0) |
10 min | 0/30 (0) | 2/30 (6.6) |
15 min | 0/30 (0) | 4/30 (13.3) |
20 min | 0/30 (0) | 16/30 (53.3) |
30 min | 0/30 (0) | 14/30 (46.6) |
1 h | 0/30 (0) | 14/30 (46.6) |
3 h | 0/30 (0) | 24/30 (80.0) |
6 h | 14/30 (46.6) | 28/30 (93.3) |
24 h | 06/30 (20.0) | 30/30 (100.0) |
Plants Infected/Plants Exposed b,c | ||
---|---|---|
Inoculation Access Period a | MEAM1 | MED |
2 min | 0/30 (0) | 12/30 (40.0) |
5 min | 0/30 (0) | 12/30 (40.0) |
10 min | 1/30 (3.3) | 12/30 (40.0) |
20 min | 0/30 (0) | 16/30 (53.3) |
30 min | 5/30 (16.6) | 18/30 (60.0) |
1 h | 6/30 (20.0) | 18/30 (60.0) |
2 h | 09/30 (30.0) | 16/30 (53.3) |
3 h | 5/30 (16.6) | 22/30 (73.3) |
6 h | 14/30 (46.6) | 28/30 (93.3) |
12 h | 7/30 (23.3) | 20/30 (66.6) |
24 h | 8/30 (26.6) | 20/30 (66.6) |
Plants Infected/Plants Exposed b,c | ||
---|---|---|
Retention Period a | MEAM1 | MED |
5 min | 6/30 (20.0) | 12/30 (40.0) |
10 min | 4/30 (13.3) | 6/30 (20.0) |
15 min | 6/30 (20.0) | 4/30 (13.3) |
20 min | 0/30 (0) | 6/30 (20.0) |
30 min | 0/30 (0) | 4/30 (13.3) |
1 h | 2/30 (6.6) | 0/30 (0) |
3 h | 0/30 (0) | 0/30 (0) |
6 h | 0/30 (0) | 0/30 (0) |
24 h | 0/30 (0) | 0/30 (0) |
ID | Collection Site | Coordinates | 2019/2020 | 2020/2021 | 2021/2022 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MED a | MEAM1 a | MED a | MEAM1 a | MED a | MEAM1 a | |||
1 | Aguaí | 22°04′16″ S 46°57′25″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NC | NC |
2 | Alvarez Florença | 20°17′12″ S 49°55′12″ W | 0 | 100 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
3 | Alvarez Machado | 22°01′06″ S 51°24′37″ W | 0 | 100 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
4 | Anhumas | 22°27′03″ S 51°26′01″ W | 0 | 100 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
5 | Araçatuba | 21°10′33″ S 50°31′33″ W | 70 | 30 | 10 | 90 | 0 | 100 |
6 | Assis | 22°40′48″ S 50°21′05″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NC | NC |
7 | Buritãma | 21°04′08″ S 50°12′08″ W | 100 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 0 | 100 |
8 | Cândido Mota | 22°44′02″ S 50°21′26″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NC | NC |
9 | Canitar | 23°00′48″ S 49°46′25″ W | 10 | 90 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
10 | Casa Branca | 21°55′48″ S 47°04′08″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
11 | Guaíra | 20°04′03″ S 48°04′04″ W | NC | NC | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
12 | Ipaussu | 23°05′11″ S 49°33′03″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
13 | Itaí | 23°19′07″ S 49°05′17″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NP | NP |
14 | Jaú | 22°14′42″ S 48°33′20″ W | NC | NC | 0 | 100 | 0 | 10 |
15 | Mogi Mirim | 22°28′36″ S 47°03′36″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
16 | Óleo | 22°56′33″ S 49°26′14″ W | 10 | 90 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 20 |
17 | Ourinhos | 22°55′57″ S 49°53′13″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
18 | Palmital | 22°45′40″ S 50°11′30″ W | 0 | 100 | 10 | 90 | NC | NC |
19 | Paranapanema | 23°28′26″ S 48°45′16″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 15 | 85 |
20 | Pindamonhangaba | 22°52′05″ S 45°28′18″ W | 10 | 90 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
21 | Piraju | 23°16′13″ S 49°16′30″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NP | NP |
22 | Pirassununga | 22°03′45″ S 47°30′01″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NC | NC |
23 | Porto Ferreira | 21°49′51″ S 47°27′10″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NC | NC |
24 | Rubiácea | 21°25′40″ S 50°49′05″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 30 | 70 |
25 | Salto Grande | 22°50′13″ S 50°01′16″ W | 0 | 100 | 10 | 90 | 0 | 100 |
26 | Sta. Cruz Rio Pardo | 22°56′09″ S 49°32′42″ W | 40 | 60 | 65 | 35 | NP | NP |
27 | Taciba | 22°24′38″ S 51°19′30″ W | 10 | 90 | NC | NC | 0 | 100 |
28 | Taquarituba | 23°31′27″ S 49°16′15″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | NP | NP |
29 | Vargem Grande do Sul | 21°50′07″ S 46°54′40″ W | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
30 | Votuporanga | 20°27′30″ S 50°03′52″ W | 0 | 100 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Total of Sites Surveyed | 28 | 24 | 15 |
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Barreto da Silva, F.; Raposo, R.d.S.; de Campos, S.F.; Uzan, J.; Marubayashi, J.M.; Ribeiro-Junior, M.R.; Nogueira, A.M.; Martines, C.d.C.; Bello, V.H.; Müller, C.; et al. Exploring Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor I and Mediterranean Cryptic Species Relationship with Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus and Their Dynamics in Soybean Fields. Insects 2024, 15, 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080624
Barreto da Silva F, Raposo RdS, de Campos SF, Uzan J, Marubayashi JM, Ribeiro-Junior MR, Nogueira AM, Martines CdC, Bello VH, Müller C, et al. Exploring Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor I and Mediterranean Cryptic Species Relationship with Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus and Their Dynamics in Soybean Fields. Insects. 2024; 15(8):624. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080624
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarreto da Silva, Felipe, Rodrigo de Sarandy Raposo, Sarah Forlani de Campos, Juliana Uzan, Julio Massaharu Marubayashi, Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior, Angélica Maria Nogueira, Caroline da Cruz Martines, Vinicius Henrique Bello, Cristiane Müller, and et al. 2024. "Exploring Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor I and Mediterranean Cryptic Species Relationship with Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus and Their Dynamics in Soybean Fields" Insects 15, no. 8: 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080624