Prey-Mediated Effects of Drought on the Consumption Rates of Coccinellid Predators of Elatobium abietinum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Drought Treatments
2.2. Plant Material
2.2.1. Material for Petri Dish Arena Cuttings
2.2.2. Material for E. abietinum Cultures
2.3. Insect Cultures
2.3.1. Aphids
2.3.2. Coccinellids
2.4. Consumption in a Petri Dish
2.4.1. Adult Consumption
2.4.2. Larval Consumption
2.5. Consumption on Host Plant Material
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects on Adult Coccinellids
3.1.1. Aphidecta obliterata Adults
3.1.2. Adalia bipunctata Adults
3.2. Effects on 1st Instar Coccinellid Larvae
3.2.1. Aphidecta obliterata Larvae
3.2.2. Adalia bipunctata Larvae
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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A. obliterata | A. bipunctata | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Drought | with Host Plant | without Host Plant | with Host Plant | without Host Plant |
± SE | ± SE | ± SE | ± SE | |
FC | 26.67 ± 1.01 | 29.75 ± 0.91 | 45.90 ± 1.23 | 54.01 ± 0.97 |
MS | 30.21 ± 1.15 | 32.76 ± 1.08 | 47.64 ± 1.26 | 58.58 ± 0.85 |
CS | 35.43 ± 1.20 | 36.62 ± 0.95 | 54.02 ± 1.18 | 63.66 ± 1.14 |
MIS | 24.02 ± 1.26 | 30.51 ± 1.15 | 46.02 ± 1.08 | 53.32 ± 1.04 |
SIS | 34.54 ± 1.35 | 35.66 ± 1.19 | 50.77 ± 1.31 | 60.26 ± 1.36 |
Drought | A. obliterata | A. bipunctata | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
with Host Plant | without Host Plant | with Host Plant | without Host Plant | |
± SE | ± SE | ± SE | ± SE | |
FC | 10.46 ± 0.22 | 9.58 ± 0.19 | 5.34 ± 0.18 | 7.74 ± 0.21 |
MS | 10.15 ± 0.18 | 10.57 ± 0.21 | 5.23 ± 0.20 | 7.68 ± 0.26 |
CS | 11.83 ± 0.25 | 10.66 ± 0.24 | 7.09 ± 0.26 | 9.31 ± 0.18 |
MIS | 8.94 ± 0.14 | 8.48 ± 0.23 | 4.88 ± 0.14 | 6.19 ± 0.25 |
SIS | 10.80 ± 0.28 | 10.48 ± 0.20 | 6.66 ± 0.22 | 8.46 ± 0.21 |
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Banfield-Zanin, J.A.; Leather, S.R. Prey-Mediated Effects of Drought on the Consumption Rates of Coccinellid Predators of Elatobium abietinum. Insects 2016, 7, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7040049
Banfield-Zanin JA, Leather SR. Prey-Mediated Effects of Drought on the Consumption Rates of Coccinellid Predators of Elatobium abietinum. Insects. 2016; 7(4):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7040049
Chicago/Turabian StyleBanfield-Zanin, Jennifer A., and Simon R. Leather. 2016. "Prey-Mediated Effects of Drought on the Consumption Rates of Coccinellid Predators of Elatobium abietinum" Insects 7, no. 4: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7040049