Which of the Physiological vs. Critical Speed Is a Determinant of Modern Pentathlon 200 m Front Crawl Swimming Performance: The Influence of Protocol and Ergometer vs. Swimming Pool Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedures
2.1.1. Tests in the 50 m Pool with a Stopwatch Only
The 100, 200, 300 m and Critical Velocity (CV)
2.1.2. Tests in the 50 m Pool with a Stopwatch and Blood Lactate Measurements
Maximal and 90% 200 m and Velocities Corresponding to the 2 and 4 mM·L−1 of Lactate Accumulation (v2 and v4)
2.1.3. Tests in the Flume with Blood Lactate and VO2 Measurements
Energy Cost at Submaximal Velocity (EC)
Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2peak)
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Normality and Effect Size
3.2. Best Time of the Competition’s Swimming Phase
3.2.1. Tests in the 50 m Pool with a Stopwatch Only
The 100, 200, 300 m and Critical Velocity (CV)
3.2.2. Tests in the 50 m Pool with a Stopwatch and Blood Lactate Measurements
Maximal and 90% 200 m and Velocities Corresponding to the 2 and 4 mM·L−1 of Lactate Accumulation (v2 and v4)
3.2.3. Tests in the Flume with Blood Lactate and VO2 Measurements
Energy Cost at Submaximal Velocity (EC)
Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2peak)
3.3. Differences among the Swimming Velocities
3.4. Correlation of Measured Variables with Performance
4. Discussion
4.1. Tests in the 50 m Pool with a Stopwatch Only
Critical Velocity (CV)
4.2. Tests in the 50 m Pool with a Stopwatch and Blood Lactate Measurements
Maximal and 90% 200 m and Velocities Corresponding to the 2 and 4 mM·L−1 of Lactate Accumulation (v2 and v4)
4.3. Tests in the Flume with Blood Lactate and VO2 Measurements
4.3.1. Energy Cost at Submaximal Velocity (EC)
4.3.2. Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2peak)
5. Conclusions
6. Practical Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistical Model | Purpose | Variables | Effect Size |
---|---|---|---|
Linear correlation | Relation among variables | All variables | |
Paired Simple T-test | VO2 differences | VO2 values | 0.636 |
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test | Lactate values | Lactate accumulation | 0.881 |
Repeated Measure Anova | VO2 and Energy cost | VO2peak and ECs | 0.522 |
Repeated Measure Anova | Differences between times | Time values | 0.998 |
Repeated Measure Anova | Velocities Differences | Velocity values | 0.970 |
t200m Competition | 100, 200, 300 m and critical velocity (CV) | ||||||
t100m | t200m | t300 m | v100m | v200m | v300m | CV | |
0.449 | 0.438 | 0.596 * | −0.448 | −0.429 | −0.624 * | −0.965 ** | |
Velocity corresponding to the 2 and 4 mM·L−1 of lactate accumulation (v2 and v4) | |||||||
v200m | v200m at 90% | v2 | v4 | ||||
−0.429 | −0.450 | −0.398 | −0.304 | ||||
Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) | |||||||
vPeak | Lapeak | VO2peak | |||||
−0.367 | −0.211 | 0.001 | |||||
Energy cost at submaximal velocity (EC) | |||||||
ECrest | ECnet | ∆La | ECLanet | TotECnet | TotECnet% | ||
0.427 | −0.257 | 0.15 | 0.15 | −0.211 | −0.068 |
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Demarie, S.; Chirico, E.; Billat, V. Which of the Physiological vs. Critical Speed Is a Determinant of Modern Pentathlon 200 m Front Crawl Swimming Performance: The Influence of Protocol and Ergometer vs. Swimming Pool Conditions. Sports 2022, 10, 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120201
Demarie S, Chirico E, Billat V. Which of the Physiological vs. Critical Speed Is a Determinant of Modern Pentathlon 200 m Front Crawl Swimming Performance: The Influence of Protocol and Ergometer vs. Swimming Pool Conditions. Sports. 2022; 10(12):201. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120201
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemarie, Sabrina, Emanuele Chirico, and Veronique Billat. 2022. "Which of the Physiological vs. Critical Speed Is a Determinant of Modern Pentathlon 200 m Front Crawl Swimming Performance: The Influence of Protocol and Ergometer vs. Swimming Pool Conditions" Sports 10, no. 12: 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120201