Effects of Short Practice of Climbing on Barriers Self-Efficacy within a Physical Education and Sport Intervention in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Study Limitation
4.2. Study Strong Points
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Translated Items (English) | Original Items (German) |
Scale Barriers SE of climbing | |
I am able to climb… | Ich schaffe es zu klettern, … |
when the climbing route is long. 1 | wenn die Route lang ist. |
when the climbing route is short. 1 | wenn die Route kurz ist. |
when the climbing route is easy. 1 | wenn die Route leicht ist. |
when the climbing route is difficult. 1 | wenn die Route schwer ist. |
when I think I might fall. 2 | wenn ich denke, dass ich fallen könnte. |
when the belayer is not my friend. 3 | wenn der Sichernde nicht mein Freund ist. |
when I do not really know the belayer. 3 | wenn ich den Sichernden nicht gut kenne. |
when I must push myself to the limits. 4 | wenn ich an meine Grenzen gehen muss. |
when I am afraid of heights. 5 | wenn ich Höhenangst habe. |
when my hands are sweating. 4 | wenn meine Hände schwitzen. |
when I lose my strength. 4 | wenn meine Kraft nachlässt. |
when I become scared. 5 | wenn ich Angst bekomme. |
Scale Barriers SE of belaying | |
I am able to belay… | Ich schaffe es zu sichern, … |
when I do not really know the belayer. 3 | wenn ich den Kletterer nicht gut kenne. |
when the belayer is not my friend. 3 | wenn der Kletterer nicht mein Freund ist. |
when it is noisy around me. 2,3 | wenn es um mich herum laut ist. |
when someone speaks to me. 2,3 | wenn andere mich ansprechen. |
when the climber often falls into the rope. 4 | wenn der Kletterer öfter ins Seil fällt. |
when I lose my strength. 4 | wenn meine Kraft nachlässt. |
when I become scared. 5 | wenn ich Angst bekomme. |
when I must push myself to the limits. 5 | wenn ich an meine Grenzen gehen muss. |
Notes: 1 = task-related barrier; 2 = cognitive barrier; 3 = social barrier; 4 = physiological state barrier; 5 = emotional state barrier. |
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Characteristic | IG (n = 37) | CG (n = 41) |
---|---|---|
Gender = female (%) | 52.8 | 62.5 |
Migration background = yes (%) | 29.7 | 29.3 |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 14.36 ± 0.59 | 14.45 ± 0.81 |
Self-reported sportiness a (mean ± SD) | 3.46 ± 1.23 | 3.51 ± 1.16 |
Relevance of sport: school-related b (mean ± SD) | 3.92 ± 0.92 | 4.07 ± 0.95 |
Relevance of sport: club-related b (mean ± SD) | 3.11 ± 1.46 | 3.08 ± 1.49 |
Relevance of sport: non-formal b (mean ± SD) | 3.41 ± 1.23 | 3.58 ± 1.48 |
Frequency of climbing experiences c (mean ± SD) | 2.95 ± 0.81 | 3.27 ± 1.00 |
Quality of climbing experiences c (mean ± SD) | 3.92 ± 1.29 | 3.98 ± 1.23 |
Global self-efficacy d (mean ± SD) | 3.52 ± 0.87 | 3.77 ± 0.80 |
Effects | F | df | p | η2p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barriers SE of Climbing | Main | Time | 5.58 | 1 | 0.021 | 0.07 |
Group | 1.77 | 1 | 0.187 | 0.02 | ||
Gender | 4.52 | 1 | 0.037 | 0.05 | ||
Interaction | Time × Group | 1.84 | 1 | 0.179 | 0.02 | |
Time × Gender | 3.42 | 1 | 0.068 | 0.04 | ||
Gender × Group | 2.63 | 1 | 0.109 | 0.03 | ||
Time × Group × Gender | 0.00 | 1 | 0.945 | 0.00 | ||
Barriers SE of Belaying | Main | Time | 15.42 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.17 |
Group | 0.25 | 1 | 0.615 | 0.00 | ||
Gender | 2.11 | 1 | 0.150 | 0.02 | ||
Interaction | Time × Group | 23.45 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.24 | |
Time × Gender | 1.94 | 1 | 0.168 | 0.02 | ||
Gender × Group | 1.54 | 1 | 0.218 | 0.02 | ||
Time × Group × Gender | 1.76 | 1 | 0.188 | 0.02 |
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Krüger, M.; Seng, C. Effects of Short Practice of Climbing on Barriers Self-Efficacy within a Physical Education and Sport Intervention in Germany. Sports 2019, 7, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040081
Krüger M, Seng C. Effects of Short Practice of Climbing on Barriers Self-Efficacy within a Physical Education and Sport Intervention in Germany. Sports. 2019; 7(4):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040081
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrüger, Mirko, and Christiane Seng. 2019. "Effects of Short Practice of Climbing on Barriers Self-Efficacy within a Physical Education and Sport Intervention in Germany" Sports 7, no. 4: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040081